1. Good City Form Kevin Lynch

2. Historically... The oldest known cities were temple cities Laid out along processional avenues and impressive sights Built to impress pilgrims and get their tribute (Disney World, Las Vegas)

3. Temple Cities

4. Defined a place for humans in the Cosmos, seperating us from chaos The rulers are the upholders of order Leads to 'holy city plan' Feng shui

5. Machine Cities New settlements in foreign lands laid out on a grid Allows planning, expansion, change and impermanence Combined with fortification, allows easier defense Control by segregation (Roskilde Festival)

6. Machine Cities The city is seen as a collection of parts Scalable and flexible Repeating patterns Sprawl

7. Machine Cities

8. Values Vitality Fit Sense Access Control

9. Vitality Support of biological human needs And human capabilities o Should have access to food & water etc. o Remove waste o Prevent disease o Defend against attack Expectations scale with our ability (eg. to predict disasters)

10. Fit Human Factors Rhythms o Work hours o Sleep o Day/Night o Seasons Suitedness to purpose and ease of use Can be emergent and non-universal (McGyver)

11. Fit Manipulability o the ability to influence environment Flexibility to suit future purposes (Grid layout suited for this)

12. Bad Fit

13. Good Fit

14. Sense

15. Sense Legibility of a place Identity Sensory impression Cognitive impression

16. Sense A good city cannot follow a strict model, since differentiation is a value in itself Identity and "historicalness" are hard to make The experience of a place should have flow Transparency: The processes and origins should be legible too

17. Access Variety of destinations >< Travel time Externalities Control

18. Access

20. Control control of space is useful for creating feelings of dominance, status, power vs. excluded, submitted, weak

21. Control Wastelands Hard-to-reach areas outside the city Low degree of control High degree of subversiveness, freedom Fit