1. Bookmaking From around the world! When were books invented? What is a handmade book? How are books made today?

2. Bookmaking & Papermaking Make decorative paste paper for the book cover Build cover and spine for book Assemble (put it together) the book Create a paper weaving Chose 2 more activities to include inside your handmade journal/book

3. The History of Bookmaking Bookmaking really began with the invention of writing. (over 5000 years ago) The first forms of writing were ideas expressed through pictorial forms such as hieroglyphics, inscriptions on rocks and clay tablets. There are many examples of such early forms of writing. Chauvet Cave, France, see cave paintings: http://www.culture.gouv.fr/culture/arcnat/lascaux/en/ http://www.culture.gouv.fr/culture/arcnat/lascaux/en/

4. Early forms of writing: Early writing techniques began with the Mesopotamians, Egyptians, Mayans and Chinese. These early forms of writing gave birth to all other styles of writing and book making.

5. Cuneiform Writing Some of the earliest writings come from Mesopotamia and Egypt. (3000 BC) Mesopotamians wrote in cuneiform on clay tables. Some of the earliest writings come from Mesopotamia and Egypt. (3000 BC) Mesopotamians wrote in cuneiform on clay tables. 1. pictorial example, 2. Cuneiform clay tablet, 3. Cuneiform Epic of Gilgamesh clay tablet, 4. Assyrian cuneiform in rock

6. Mayan Hieroglyphs The Mayan culture began around 1800 BC and developed through 1500 CE. The Mayan people became the people in Mexico today.

7. The Egyptian Scroll The first book to be made was the scroll. This was made from many sheets of papyrus which were glued together in a long strip, then rolled up and stored in a jar. The Egyptians had official scribes that were trained in writing hieroglyphs on papyrus scrolls. In 300 B.C. there was a great library in Alexandria, Egypt that was said to contain over 500,000 papyrus scrolls. The papyrus scrolls below are from the Egyptian Book of the Dead!

8. First day: Make decorative paste paper for the book cover What is paste paper? Paste paint was used to decorate paper for centuries. The decorated paper was used to cover gifts, decorate boxes, books, wall paper, lamp shades and more. See example here: http://www.hgtv.com/hgtv/cr_paper_crafts_make_pa per/article/0,1789,HGTV_3292_1369899,00.html http://www.hgtv.com/hgtv/cr_paper_crafts_make_pa per/article/0,1789,HGTV_3292_1369899,00.html http://www.hgtv.com/hgtv/cr_paper_crafts_make_pa per/article/0,1789,HGTV_3292_1369899,00.html

9. First you will need –2 pieces of paper – one for the front –and one for the back of the book. Write your name on the back of your paper before you begin!!! Use the paint mixed with paste (clear glue) and scraping tools to make your design. Paint a thin even coat of paint in a small area and scrape in the design. The paint dries quickly – do not wait to scrape. Do not “blob” the paint on because it will drip, be messy, and take forever to dry.

10. Second Day Review: What were some early forms of writing? When were books invented? What did the first books look like? Warm up: Go to this website and visit the Egyptian scribe to translate your name: http://www.museum.upenn.edu/new/exhibits/galleries /egyptian.html http://www.museum.upenn.edu/new/exhibits/galleries /egyptian.html http://www.museum.upenn.edu/new/exhibits/galleries /egyptian.html

11. Day 2: Make the cover of your hand made book. Today, we will construct the cover for our hand made journal. What you need: –2 of your paste papers, –2 big pieces of cardboard 8”x8”, –2 long pieces for the spine 8”x 2”, –glue and –a spreader

12. Demonstration: Spread a thin coat of glue on the back of the paste paper all the way to the edges. Carefully place the cardboard as I demonstrated. Do not “blob” the GLUE on because it will create bubbles, drip, be messy, and take forever to dry. Write your name on the card board side of the book cover. CHECK FOR DRIPS OF GLUE!!!

13. Third Day Review: What is the difference between handmade books and machine made books? What was the first book made of? What is a book?

14. In the 4th century B.C. the Mayan, Greeks and Romans wrote on plaster or wax covered wooden tablets that were hinged together with leather thongs or pieces of metal, and were called a codex. This style is the earliest form of what we would call a book.

15. The Codex The Mesoamerican codex was first. (The Mediterranean continued to use the papyrus scroll as well.)

16. Parchment & Vellum Paper Christian monasteries produced hand made books from 476 to 1453. The people of Europe, Africa, and Asia for over 2,000 years used the skins of animals to write down their thoughts. Sheep and goat skins were the first to be made into writing sheets called parchment. For a complete picture library see the web site: http://rmc.library.cornell.edu/Paper- exhibit/Default.html http://rmc.library.cornell.edu/Paper- exhibit/Default.htmlhttp://rmc.library.cornell.edu/Paper- exhibit/Default.html  It would take 12 sheep to make a 150 page book. It was discovered the calf’s skin would make an even finer type of parchment called vellum.  15 th Cent. Spanish Vellum

17. From China to the world... The Muslim bible, the Koran, was compiled by copyists by 651 A.D. These same copyists worked to translate the works of the Greek philosopher Aristotle. The Koran  Cities like Damascus and Baghdad were centers for book production. (Middle East)

18. The First Printed Books The first block printed scroll was a Buddhist document called the Diamond Sutra from China in 868. Then printing with movable type was invented by Gutenberg during the Renaissance (15 th century) and permanently changed the way books were made. 1. Diamond Sutra, 2. Gutenberg Bible

19. Bookmaking As you have learned, there are many ways to make a book. One of my favorites is a book with a rubber band and stick binding. The binding is what holds the book together. With this type of book, you can go back and add as many pages as you want!

20. Day 3: Stick and rubber band book First glue construction paper on the inside cover. (Don’t worry about covering the cardboard with the holes – you won’t be able to see it.) All you need is a stick 1 rubber band 2 cardboard covers 2 construction papers And white paper to go inside to make the pages!

21. Putting it all together Poke holes through the paste paper where the cardboard is drilled. Align the inside white pages with the holes in the front and back cover. Put the rubber band all the way through 1 hole. Decide which side is the front and loop the rubber band around the stick on the front. The tricky part is to stretch the rubber band down and through the next hole. And then loop the rubber band over the other end of the stick. When you finish – help someone else! Then complete the bookmaking worksheet.

22. Fourth Day Review: What is the difference between handmade books and machine made books? What is a book? What is paper? Warm up: Watch a video on how paper is made.

23. The Papyrus Plant The word "paper" is derived from the word "papyrus," which was a plant found in Egypt along the lower Nile River. About 5,000 years ago, Egyptians created "sheets" of papyrus by harvesting, peeling and slicing the plant into strips. The strips were then layered, pounded together and smoothed to make a flat, uniform sheet.

24. Chinese Characters and scrolls While the Egyptians used papyrus, the people of Asia used different materials to make scrolls. They wrote their ideas on silk, palm leaves, birch bark and stems of bamboo. While the Egyptians used papyrus, the people of Asia used different materials to make scrolls. They wrote their ideas on silk, palm leaves, birch bark and stems of bamboo. 1. Chinese characters, 2. Chinese document, 3. Chinese scroll

25. The Chinese Invent Paper!! It was the Chinese that were given credit for inventing paper about the 2nd century A.D.  Paper was first invented by Ts'ai Lun (about 104 CE), who lived in the Eastern Han Dynasty.  He took the inner bark of a mulberry tree and bamboo fibers, mixed them with water, and pounded them with a wooden tool.  Then he poured this mixture onto a flat piece of coarsely woven cloth to drain the water.  Once dry, Ts'ai Lun discovered that he had created a quality writing surface that was relatively easy to make and lightweight.  He presented the invention to Emperor He Di in 105 CE, and knowledge of papermaking was passed along to Korea, Samarkand, Baghdad, and Damascus.

28. The History of Paper The invention of paper changed the world forever! See the interactive timeline below: http://www.paperlinx.com.au/cpa/htm/htm_paper _history.asp?page_id=56 http://www.paperlinx.com.au/cpa/htm/htm_paper _history.asp?page_id=56 http://www.paperlinx.com.au/cpa/htm/htm_paper _history.asp?page_id=56 Check out this link for an incredible history of paper spreading all over the world: http://www.hqpapermaker.com/paper-history/ http://www.hqpapermaker.com/paper-history/

29. Day 4: Paper Weaving Today you will find 2 images to weave together to make a new picture. The pictures need to be the same size The pictures need to have contrasting colors and look very different Don’t forget – –One image has strips cut up and down, –and the second has strips cut side to side.

30. Day 5: Chose 2 other great ideas for your book: This site contains information about bookmaking, papermaking, pop-up books, deconstructed books, accordion books, and more!: http://www.princetonol.com/groups/iad/lessons/middle /paper.htm http://www.princetonol.com/groups/iad/lessons/middle /paper.htm http://www.princetonol.com/groups/iad/lessons/middle /paper.htm Make a book within a book. Make a small accordion book or a scroll. Create a paper weaving or a collage. Make handmade paper. Make an altered book using an old book. Add any artwork that you have created into the book, like your color wheel, prints, or drawings. The sky is the limit! Happy bookmaking!

31. Bookmaking Websites Coiled accordion book: http://www.drstamping.com/accordian3.html http://www.drstamping.com/accordian3.html Paste Paper, Accordion books and more: http://www.sdmart.org/education- plans.html#book http://www.sdmart.org/education- plans.html#book http://www.sdmart.org/education- plans.html#book Princeton online, (paper making, bookmaking, altered books, and more) Incredible Art Department: http://www.princetonol.com/groups/iad/lessons/ middle/paper.htm http://www.princetonol.com/groups/iad/lessons/ middle/paper.htm http://www.princetonol.com/groups/iad/lessons/ middle/paper.htm

32. Resources http://www.hass.usu.edu/~anthromuseum/writing.html http://www.halfmoon.org/trans.html http://www.thebookbinder.com/html/samples.htm http://www.bunzlfinepaper.co.uk/NewDesign/Information/Hi story.htm http://www.bunzlfinepaper.co.uk/NewDesign/Information/Hi story.htm http://rmc.library.cornell.edu/Paper-exhibit/Default.html http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/GLOSSARY/CUNEI.HTM http://rmc.library.cornell.edu/Paper-exhibit/tguide.html http://www.xs4all.nl/~knops/timetab.html http://www.silk-road.com/artl/diamondsutra.shtml http://www.ukans.edu/~bookhist/medbook1.html http://www.museum.upenn.edu/new/exhibits/galleries/egyp tian.html http://www.museum.upenn.edu/new/exhibits/galleries/egyp tian.html