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Latin & Greek Root Words
Dr. T. Robyn Wilson
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ROOT WORDS What are root words?
Words originating from Latin (ancient Rome) and Greek. Why is it important to learn root words? Almost every word in English has root words, so this makes it easier to understand a new word and remember how to spell them.
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Roots are word parts. photo graph tele meter tropic
Build more words with root words.
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GREEK DERIVATIVES English has built largely on the old Greek roots and still continues to utilize them as foundations upon which to construct new terms. In the following table are some words which were derived from the old-time Greek roots
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Greek Roots:
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GREEK:
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GREEK ROOTS:
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Greek and Latin Words from Harry Potter by J. K. Rowling
arma – weapons, armour dens – a tooth dormio – I sleep lumen – light ludo – I play nox – night, darkness nunquam (or numquam) – never patronus – a protector or sponsor
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Sirius Black Draco Malfoy
Sirius is the Latin name for the bright dog star and the title of the Cornhusker tunnel walk song. Draco is the Latin word for dragon.
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Greek letters are still used in math and science today.
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th, ph, ch, and ps stand for Greek letters not in our alphabet.
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adhesive, adapt, addition
to adhesive, adapt, addition
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Root word aer-, aero- Origin Greek Meaning Air, atmosphere Example Aeronautics
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removal, referral, disposal
action removal, referral, disposal
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Root word agri- Origin Greek and Latin Meaning Field Example Agriculture
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Root word anima- Origin Latin Meaning Breathe Example Animal
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Root word ann- Origin Latin Meaning Year, yearly Example Annual
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antecedent, antebellum
before antecedent, antebellum
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Root word aqu- Origin Latin Meaning Water Example Aquarium
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Root word astro- Origin Greek Meaning Star Example Astronomy
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astronomy, astrology, asteroid
star astronomy, astrology, asteroid
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Root word aud Origin Latin Meaning Hearing, listening, sound Example Auditorium
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audi hear auditory, audience
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To hear or listen Audio Audition auditorium
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Root word auto Origin Greek Meaning Self Example Automobile
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Root word avi- Origin Latin Meaning Bird Example Aviation
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bene good benefit, beneficial
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Root word bi- Origin Latin Meaning Two Example Bicycle
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Root word bi(o)- Origin Greek Meaning Life Example Biology
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Root word cap- Origin Latin Meaning Hold, take Example Capture
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To take, catch, hold, receive.
Recap Receipt receive
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cede go precede, recede
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Root word cent- Origin Latin Meaning Hundred Example Century
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chronological, synchronize
time chronological, synchronize
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Root word clar- Origin Latin Meaning Clear Example Clarity
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Root word con- Origin Latin Meaning with Example connect
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To Believe Credit Incredible Accredit
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To Run Or Go Current Curricular Cursive Cursor
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Root word cycl Origin Greek Meaning Round Example Bicycle
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Root word de- Origin Latin Meaning From, away from Example Delete
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deposit, demolish, deplete
down deposit, demolish, deplete
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Root word dem- Origin Greek Meaning People Example Democracy
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What is a derivation? (pronounced: “dir-ah-va-tion”)
Derivation means drawing off water from a main stream From Latin de: down from, away from + rivus: brook, stream English words may be derived or drawn off of mainstream Greek or Latin roots. Roots may not be spelled the same way all the time.
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To Say Or Tell Dictionary Ridiculous Addiction Dictator Prediction
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Root word dict- Origin Latin Meaning Say, speak Example Dictation
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dictionary, predict, contradict
say, speak dictionary, predict, contradict
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Root word digit- Origin Latin Meaning Finger Example Digital
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Root word dorm- Origin Latin Meaning Sleep Example Dormitory
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To Lead Conduct Educate Produce Introduction
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Root word eco- Origin Greek Meaning House Example Ecology
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et cetera etc. etc. is a Latin term that means and so forth
What does this term mean? etc. etc. is a Latin term that means and so forth
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To Make Or Do Factory Fact Facility
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factory, benefactor, manufacture
fec make-do factory, benefactor, manufacture
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fer carry transfer, infer, ferry
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To Bear or Yield Conference Confer Difference
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flect band reflect, deflect
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To Bend Or Curve Flexible Flexibility Reflex
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flex band flexible, circumflex
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To Bend Or Curve Reflect Reflection Reflector
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Root word form- Origin Latin Meaning Shape Example Formation
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To Shape Formula Inform Perform Uniform Transform
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Root word frig- Origin Latin Meaning Cold Example Frigid
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Root word ge(o)- Origin Greek Meaning Earth Example Geology
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graph Definition: to write or draw Example: autograph
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heliocentric, perihelion
sun heliocentric, perihelion
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heterogeneous, heterodox
different heterogeneous, heterodox
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Root word hex- Origin Greek Meaning Six Example Hexagon
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homo same bawl or ball homonym, homophone
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Root word hydr(o)- Origin Greek Meaning Water Example Hydroponic
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dehydrate, hydrate, hydrosphere
water dehydrate, hydrate, hydrosphere
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impossible, immature, immeasurable
not impossible, immature, immeasurable
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international, interlude, interstellar
between international, interlude, interstellar
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capitalism, cubism, Marxism
doctrine capitalism, cubism, Marxism
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crystallize, synchronize
to make crystallize, synchronize
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ject throw eject, projectile
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To throw Or lie Project Reject Eject
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Root word juven- Origin Latin Meaning Young Example Juvenile
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kinesis Definition: movement Examples: kinetic: movement of bodies
cinema: motion pictures (movies) telekinesis: moving things without physical contact
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Root word kil(o)- Origin Greek Meaning Thousand Example Kilogram
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Law Legislative Legislation Legislate
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Root word leg- Origin Latin Meaning Law Example Legal
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Root word liber- Origin Latin Meaning Free Example Liberation
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dismal, malady, malignant
bad dismal, malady, malignant
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Root word manu- Origin Latin Meaning Hand Example Manual
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Manu=hand MAN & MANU mean BY HAND
Manual : relating to the hand; manual labor Manicure : The care of the hands and nails Chains for the hands: manacles 85
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metron Definition: measure Examples: thermometer, meter stick,
geometry
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To send Dismiss Admission Dissmissal
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neo new neonatal, neophyte
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Root word nov- Origin Latin Meaning Nine Example November
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Root word numer- Origin Latin Meaning Number Example Numeral
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Root word oct- Origin Latin and Greek Meaning Eight Example Octangular
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ambidextrous, glorious
full of or like ambidextrous, glorious
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Paleolithic, paleomagnetism
old Paleolithic, paleomagnetism
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pendulum, pendant, impending
hang pendulum, pendant, impending
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Foot Peddle Pedometer Pedicure
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To Drive Or Push Expel Propeller Repellent
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Root word pent- Origin Greek Meaning Five Example Pentagon
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To Hang Or Weigh Dispense Expense Expensive Suspense
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Definition: love, friendship
Philia (“feel-ya”) Definition: love, friendship Examples: Philadelphia, philosopher, Philip, philharmonic, philanthropist
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philia Philadelphia -- city of brotherly love
Rocky actor Sylvester Stallone at the Philadelphia Museum of Art
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Root word phob(ia)- Origin Greek Meaning Fear Example Hydrophobia
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Root word phos-, phot- Origin Greek Meaning Light Example Photograph
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photos Definition: light Examples: photograph, photosynthesis
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Root word phys- Origin Greek Meaning Nature Example Physics
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phobos Definition: unusual fear
Examples: claustrophobia: fear of closed places acrophobia: fear of heights arachnophobia: fear of spiders myctophobia: fear of darkness suriphobia- fear of mice testophobia- fear of taking tests
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To Fold Accomplice Complication Duplicate
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transport, import, porter
carry transport, import, porter
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To Carry Airport Export Portable Transport
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To Put, Place, or Set. Compose Pose Opposite
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Root word pre- Origin Latin Meaning Before Example Previous
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PRIM & PRIME are ROOT-WORDS meaning FIRST
First, as in quality The foremost; the best
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Root word pseud(o)- Origin Greek Meaning False Example Pseudonym
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Root word pyr(o)- Origin Greek Meaning Heat, fire Example Pyrolysis
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Root word quadr- Origin Latin Meaning Four Example Quadrangle
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Root word quint- Origin Latin Meaning Fifth Example Quintary
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Root word re- Origin Latin Meaning Again, back Example Recede
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rupt break rupture, erupt
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To Write Describe Indescribable Prescribe Scribble
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semicircle, semiannual
half semicircle, semiannual
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Root word sept- Origin Latin Meaning Seven Example September
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Root word serv- Origin Latin Meaning Example Conservation
Save, protect, serve Example Conservation
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To Stand Assistant Status Constant
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solo, solitude, solitaire
alone solo, solitude, solitaire
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stellar, constellation, interstellar
star stellar, constellation, interstellar
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syn together present - gift Examples: synonyms: words that go together
symphony: sounds that go together synchronize: do things at the same time synagogue: to bring people together for Jewish worship
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syn together symmetry, symphony
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To Break or Burst Disrupt Eruption Interrupt
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To Write Scripture Subscription
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To see, watch, or observe Aspect Inspect Perspective Suspect
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To see, watch, or observe Suspicious Suspicion
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To Build Construct Destruction Instruct Structure
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tele Definition: far away, distant Examples: telephone, telescope
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To hold Contain Container Contents
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temporary, contemporary
time temporary, contemporary
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temporarily, contemporary
time temporarily, contemporary
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To Stretch Or Strain Extend Tendency Pretend
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Root word terr- Origin Latin Meaning Dry land, earth Example Terrain
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thesis Definition: put, place, position
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completion, devastation, production
act or state completion, devastation, production
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Root word tri- Origin Latin and Greek Meaning Three Example Triangle
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tri three tricycle, triangle
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tropos Definition: turning toward something such as the sun
Examples: Tropic of Cancer, Tropic of Capricorn, Tropics
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To Turn Advertise Invert Convert Vertical
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To see Visual Visor visit
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To live Survival Revive Vitamin
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voc voice vocal, advocate
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Using root words guess what the meaning of these words.
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Aerodynamics Hydrodynamics
“Dynamics” is used in physics to describe the process of how things work. Aerodynamics Air Hydrodynamics Water
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What does biofuel mean? Fuel made from living organisms such as corn, sugar and plants.
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What does animation mean?
Cartoon
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