1. LWB Refractories Quarry – York, PA Facing West

2. LWB Refractories Quarry – Unit Exposures Kinzers Fm. western patch reef “white marble” Triassic fanglomerate Approximate trend of shelf margin rim (E-W)

3. LWB Refractories Quarry – York, PA Facing West

4. LWB Refractories Quarry – “White Marble” and Triassic Fanglomerate “white marble” Triassic fanglomerate

5. LWB Refractories Quarry – Northern Benches Facing Northwest

6. LWB Refractories Quarry – Overburden Facing East

7. LWB Refractories Quarry – Polished Microbialite Reef Facies

9. LWB Refractories Quarry – Microbialite Reef Facies Karst Pinnacles in East Patch Reef

10. LWB Refractories Quarry – Submarine Cavity Filling Cements and Gas Escape Structure in East Patch Reef

11. Void filling radiaxial and herringbone calcite Gas escape structure

12. LWB Refractories Quarry – Submarine Cavity Filling Cements and Gas Escape Structure in East Patch Reef (Comparison with Polished Slab)

13. LWB Refractories Quarry – In-Situ Pinnacle in East Patch Reef

14. LWB Refractories Quarry – In-Situ Pinnacle in East Patch Reef Note Lighter Colored Band of Void Filling Radiaxial and Herringbone Calcite

15. Band of calcite cement

16. LWB Refractories Quarry – In-Situ Pinnacle in East Patch Reef Note Calcified Algae and/or Bacteria/Cyanobacteria Shrub Above Calcite Filled Void

17. Microbial Shrub

18. LWB Refractories Quarry – In-Situ Pinnacle in East Patch Reef Close-up of Radiaxial and Herringbone Calcite Cement with Grainstone Layer at Base and Enclosure of Microbial Growth

19. LWB Refractories Quarry – In-Situ Pinnacle in East Patch Reef Close-up of Radiaxial and Herringbone Calcite Cement (Blue) with Grainstone Layer at Base (Purple) and Enclosure of Microbial Growth (Green)

20. LWB Refractories Quarry – In-Situ Pinnacle in East Patch Reef Fracture Filled with Secondary Bladed Calcite Crystals

21. LWB Refractories Quarry – In-Situ Pinnacle in East Patch Reef Grainstone Layer

22. Grainstone Layer

23. LWB Refractories Quarry – In-Situ Pinnacle in East Patch Reef Close-up of Radiaxial and Herringbone Calcite Cement Layer Enclosed by Microbialite

24. LWB Refractories Quarry – In-Situ Pinnacle in East Patch Reef Cross Bedded Grainstone Strata

26. LWB Refractories Quarry – In-Situ Pinnacle in East Patch Reef

27. LWB Refractories Quarry – In-Situ Pinnacle in East Patch Reef More Calcite Cement and a Gas Escape Structure

28. LWB Refractories Quarry – Triassic Fanglomerate Exposed Along Quarry Floor Facing South

30. LWB Refractories Quarry – Triassic Fanglomerate

31. LWB Refractories Quarry – Triassic Fanglomerate Facing North

32. LWB Refractories Quarry – Fault Contact Between Cambrian Ledger Fm. And Triassic Fanglomerate Facing North

33. Triassic Fanglomerate Cambrian Ledger Fm.

34. LWB Refractories Quarry – Triassic Fanglomerate Note Coarse Dolomite and Limestone Clasts in Fine Hematitic Matrix

35. LWB Refractories Quarry – Fault Contact Between West Patch Reef and Ooid Shoal Facies Facing South

36. Ooid Shoal FaciesWest Patch Reef Facies

37. LWB Refractories Quarry – Fault Contact Between Triassic Fanglomerate and Cambrian Ooid Shoal Facies Facing South

38. Cambrian Ooid Shoal FaciesTriassic Fanglomerate

39. LWB Refractories Quarry – Void Filling Radiaxial and Herringbone Calcite Cement and Gas Escape Structure Block from West Patch Reef Removed During Blasting; Scale Blocks in Centimeters

40. LWB Refractories Quarry – Close-Up of Void Filling Radiaxial and Herringbone Calcite Cement and Gas Escape Structure Block from West Patch Reef Removed During Blasting

41. LWB Refractories Quarry – Close-Up of Void Filling Radiaxial and Herringbone Calcite Cement (Blue-Shaded Area) and Gas Escape Structure (Yellow Circle) Block from West Patch Reef Removed During Blasting

42. LWB Refractories Quarry – Close-Up Grainstone Layer Block from West Patch Reef Removed During Blasting

43. LWB Refractories Quarry – View of Ooid Shoal Facies from Quarry Floor Facing South

44. LWB Refractories Quarry – View of Ooid Shoal Facies from Quarry Floor Facing North; Note Red Hematitic Weathering Products

45. LWB Refractories Quarry – View of Kinzers Formation Exposure Along North Quarry Wall

46. Kinzers Formation

47. LWB Refractories Quarry – An Amateur Film on High Energy Depositional Systems Double-Click Blue Screen to Play

48. References and Additional Information de Wet, C.B. and Dave Hopkins. “Pre-conference Field Trip: Ooid Shoals, Microbialite Reefs and Shoal Shoreface Sands, The Ledger Formation, LWB Refractories Site, York County Pennsylvania.” 73 rd Annual Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists. September 25, 2008. 1-26. de Wet, C.B., H.M. Frey, S.B. Gaswirth, C.I. Mora, M. Rahnis, and C.R. Bruno. “Origin of Meter-scale Submarine Cavities and Herringbone Calcite in a Cambrian Microbial Reef, Ledger Formation, (U.S.A.).” Journal of Sedimentary Research. 2004. 74: 914-923. Skinner, Ethan S. “Taphonomy and Depositional Circumstances of Exceptionally Preserved Fossils from the Kinzers Formation (Cambrian), Southeastern Pennsylvania.” Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 2005. 220: 167-192. Smoot, Joseph P. “Chapter 12A: Early Mesozoic – Sedimentary Rocks.” The Geology of Pennsylvania, edited by Charles H. Schultz. Harrisburg and Pittsburgh: Pennsylvania Geological Survey and Pittsburgh Geological Society. 1999. 180-201. http://www.fandm.edu/x12035.xml de Wet, C.B. and Dave Hopkins. “Pre-conference Field Trip: Ooid Shoals, Microbialite Reefs and Shoal Shoreface Sands, The Ledger Formation, LWB Refractories Site, York County Pennsylvania.” 73 rd Annual Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists. September 25, 2008. 1-26. de Wet, C.B., H.M. Frey, S.B. Gaswirth, C.I. Mora, M. Rahnis, and C.R. Bruno. “Origin of Meter-scale Submarine Cavities and Herringbone Calcite in a Cambrian Microbial Reef, Ledger Formation, (U.S.A.).” Journal of Sedimentary Research. 2004. 74: 914-923. Skinner, Ethan S. “Taphonomy and Depositional Circumstances of Exceptionally Preserved Fossils from the Kinzers Formation (Cambrian), Southeastern Pennsylvania.” Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 2005. 220: 167-192. Smoot, Joseph P. “Chapter 12A: Early Mesozoic – Sedimentary Rocks.” The Geology of Pennsylvania, edited by Charles H. Schultz. Harrisburg and Pittsburgh: Pennsylvania Geological Survey and Pittsburgh Geological Society. 1999. 180-201. http://www.fandm.edu/x12035.xml http://www.fandm.edu/x12035.xml