1. G. Washington 1789-1797 First President Set lots of precedents – Bank of US – Veto – Whiskey Rebellion – Neutrality – Use of Cabinet – 2 terms No official party affiliation Heavily influenced by Hamilton

2. J. Adams 1797-1801 Federalist XYZ Affair, Quasi War, Alien and Sedition Acts Loses re-election in very close election of 1800

3. T. Jefferson 1801-1809 Democratic Republican 3 Way election of 1800 Lousiana Purchase Embargo Act Shrinks gov Does not try to overturn the bank Barbary Pirates War

4. J. Madison 1809-1817 Democratic Republican “Father of the Constitution” Embargo War of 1812

5. J. Monroe 1817-1825 D/R ** Last of “Founding Fathers” Era of Good Feelings Monroe Doctrine Missouri Compromise Panic of 1819

6. John Quincy Adams – 1825-1829 New generation No clear party rivalry Corrupt Bargain election / Rivalry with Jackson Fails to adapt to electoral / campaigning shifts Single term

7. Andrew Jackson – 1829 - 1837 Democrat Expands Presidential Power Expands Voting Rights Indian Removal Conflict with the Bank Love ‘em or hate ‘em figure Spurs growth of Whig Party “Mr. Marshall has issued his ruling.. Now let’s see him enforce it.”

8. Martin Van Buren 1837-1841 Democrat “The Little Magician” Had been political brains behind Jackson Panic of 1837 1 term president

9. Harrison, Tyler 1841-1845 Harrison – 1812 War Hero, Hard Cider Campaign – 1 st President to die in office (1 month) Tyler – “His Accidency” – Has little power / authority because he ascended / wasn’t elected Tyler – Annexes TX near end of term

10. James K. Polk 1845-1849 Democrat The Dark Horse Manifest Destiny 54 40 or Fight Mexican War Does not seek re- election

11. Taylor, Fillmore, Pierce, Buchanan 1849-1861 Several “who cares” presidencies Real leaders were in Congress Their poor leadership contributed to the 1850s crises

12. Abraham Lincoln 1861-1865 1 st Republican Speeches – “House divided”, “Gettysburg”, “2 nd Inaugural” Election spurs secession Key leadership in Civil War Biggest use of Prez power since Jackson Generous plan for reconstruction 1 st President Assassinated

13. Andrew Johnson 1861-1869 Ascends due to Lincoln’s death Democrat / Southerner Clashes with Congress over Reconstruction Impeached over Tenure of Office Act Survives but is politically powerless after impeachment

14. Ulysses S. Grant 1869-1877 War hero President – Great general – Bad president Freedmen votes helped elect him Many corrupt officials in his government Credit Moblier Scandal

15. Hayes, Garfield, Arthur, Cleveland, Harrison, Cleveland 1877-1897 Weak “caretaker presidents” of the Gilded Age Time period of high voter participation, but few major differences in the ideology of the parties Republicans – Bloody Shirt, Tariffs, Pro-Business, Supported by Freedmen Democrats – Reinvention, New South, Supported by westerners and immigrants Compromise of 1877, Pendleton Act, Slaughterhouse Cases, Sherman Act Plessy v. Ferguson

16. William McKinley 1897 - 1901 Hawaii Spanish American War / Philippines Open Door Policy Questions over Tariffs and Coinage of Silver Last Bloody Shirt