1. Cleaner Production, Industrial Ecology and Sustainability Jouni Korhonen

2. Topics  Materials flows in industrial systems  Materials flows in ecosystems  Research challenges

3. Flows of Matter in Industrial Systems - Over-harvesting of renewables - Use of non- renewables Nature Industrial system, production and consumption Nature- Wastes exceeding the ecosystem carrying capacity University of Tampere, Research Institute for Social Sciences, Jouni Korhonen June 2005

4. Flows of Energy in Industrial Systems - Use of non-renewable fossil fuels Nature Industrial system, production and consumption Nature- Producing emissions exceeding nature’s assimilation capacity University of Tampere, Research Institute for Social Sciences, Jouni Korhonen June 2005

5. Flows of Carbon in Industrial Systems - Use of geological carbon, extracted ’outside’ ecosystems Nature Industrial system, production and consumption Nature - Releasing cardon dioxide (CO 2 ) foreign to nature University of Tampere, Research Institute for Social Sciences, Jouni Korhonen June 2005

6. Natural Ecosystem: A Sustainable System PlantsAnimals Decomposers, scavengers, bacteria, fungi Cyclical and cascading flow of materials and energy based on infinite solar energy input (’master of recycling’) University of Tampere, Research Institute for Social Sciences, Jouni Korhonen June 2005 Solar energy Waste heat

7. Industrial Ecosystem of the Uimaharju Forest Industry Park, North Karelia, Finland University of Tampere, Research Institute for Social Sciences, Jouni Korhonen June 2005

8. Saw mill Sawn timber Domestic roundwood Bark Heat (1) Bark boiler Forest ecosystem Air CO 2, other emissions Lake Sawdust Ash, other solid wastes Landfill Power, fossil fuels Uimaharju 1955-1966 ”Type I”

9. Saw mill Pulp mill Mechanically purified (1967-1989) or aerated (1989-1991) waste waters CHP power plant Chips (2) Black liquor, bark Fossil fuels, power Waste waters Steam (4) Heat (5) Pulp Sawn timber Pulping chemicals Tall oil, turpentine Domestic roundwood, Some imported roundwood Bark Heat (1) Bark boiler Forest ecosystem Lake Air CO 2, other emissions Landfill Sawdust (6 ) Industrial gases Ash, other solid wastes Power (3) Uimaharju 1967-1992 ”Type II”

10. Uimaharju 1992-2003 ”Type III”

12. Research challenges  System Vs. System boundaries -Example: Finnish forest industry imports and exports  System Vs. System component -Example: Inter vs. Intra-organizational management  Eco-efficiency Vs. Growth -Example: The rebound effect and the ’Jevon’s paradox’, e.g. fuel efficient cars vs. mileage driven  Downstream impacts Vs. Upstream root causes -Example: CFCs, SO 2 as known impacts  Waste Vs. Its definition (cultural/social construct) -Examples: Past vs. present, Developed vs. Developing countries University of Tampere, Research Institute for Social Sciences, Jouni Korhonen June 2005