1. PART THREE Chapter 6: Drawing
Drawing materials covered in this chapter include:
Dry Media: Graphite, Metalpoint, Charcoal, Crayon, Pastel, and Chalk
Liquid Media: Pen and Ink, Brush and Ink
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2. Key Terms for this chapter include:
collage
papyrus
pigment and binder
ground
wash
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3. DRAWING
Drawing material is composed of a pigment (coloring) and a binder (substance that allows it to be shaped).
Sometimes artists draw on a ground which is a preliminary coating of paint applied to a surface.
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4. DRAWING
Paper
Paper originated as papyrus made from plant fibers. The plant fibers are beaten to a pulp, mixed with water, then spread in a thin layer over a fine mesh, and left to dry.
Discussion questions:
How do you think papyrus differs from today’s paper?
How do you think an artist work drawn on papyrus would differ visually from a work of art drawn on more modern refined paper surfaces?
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5. Papyrus
Papyrus is a thick paper-like material produced from the pith of the papyrus plant, once abundant in the Nile Delta of Egypt. Papyrus is first known to have been used in ancient Egypt. Ancient Egyptians used this plant as a writing material and for boats, mattresses, mats, rope, sandals, and baskets.
Japanese are credited with invention of paper

6. Standing Nude and Seated Man Reading, Fillipino Lippi, Metalpoint, 1480
Chiaroscuro

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Dry Media
Dry media is usually applied in a stick form.
Graphite: A soft crystalline carbon. Combined with clay and encased in wood it makes a pencil.
Metalpoint: A thin silver wire set in a holder. When used on a specially prepared ground it leaves behind a trail of metal particles that tarnish to a pale gray.
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8. 1, From 51 Ways of Looking, Shahzia Sikander, 2004, pencil.
Layers – sense of space

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Dry Media
Dry media is usually applied in a stick form.
Charcoal: Charred wood. Varieties include vine and compressed charcoal.
Crayon: Made of powdered pigments combined with a greasy or waxy binder.
Pastel: Pigment bound with a non-greasy binder.
Chalk: Soft, finely textured stones composed of a variety of natural materials.
Discussion question:
Based upon the descriptions of these drawing materials and what you know of them, how would they differ as drawing tools when working with them on paper?
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10. Three Mile Island, Night I, Yvonne Jacquette, 1982
Café Concert, Georges Seurat, 1887, Conte’ crayon with chalk
Left (charcoal image of aerial view)
Right (Conte crayon is like charcoal with a small amount of wax to act as binder)

11. The Singer in Green, Edgar Degas, 1884, Pastel on light blue paper
Chalk pastel

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Liquid Media
Liquid media is usually applied with a tool.
Pen and Ink: Consists of very fine particles suspended in water. A binder like gum arabic holds the particles in suspension and helps adhere them to the drawing surface. A pen with a nib attached is used to draw on the surface.
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13. Cottage Among Trees, Rembrandt, Pen and brush in brown ink, 1648-50

14. No Title (Not a single Armorer), Raymond Pettibon, 1990
Pen with nib

15. Untitled, Julie Mehretu, 2001
Space achieved by layering images

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Liquid Media
Liquid media is usually applied with a tool.
Brush and Ink: Consists of very fine particles suspended in water. A binder like gum arabic holds the particles in suspension and helps adhere them to the drawing surface. Brushes are used to apply the ink in a wash of value to the drawing surface.
Discussion question:
When using liquid versus dry drawing materials, what are some textural qualities that distinguish the two?
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COLLAGE
Collage is a French word that means pasting or gluing. It refers to the technique of attaching actual objects to a support.
This technique was pioneered by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque.
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18. Still Life on Table, Georges Braque, Pasted paper and gouache, 1914
A collage is an assemblage of different things to create a work of art.

19. Mysteries, Romare Bearden, 1964
Magazine cutouts. Size variation for emphasis.

20. Hide and Seek: Kill or Speak, Wangechi Mutu, paint, ink, collage, and mixed media on mylar, 2004

21. Drawing Materials and Key Terms:
Drawing: Summary
Drawing Materials and Key Terms:
Dry Media: Graphite, Metalpoint, Charcoal, Crayon, Pastel, and Chalk
Liquid Media: Pen and Ink, Brush and Ink
collage
papyrus
pigment and binder
ground
wash
© 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.