2. Essential Questions What caused the spread of this terrible disease? What were symptoms and how were patients treated? What were social effects of this plague? What economic issues occurred because of the great amounts of death?

4. Global Epidemic Black Death – Bubonic Plague Disease spread by fleas on rats Spread from Asia to Europe (trade routes) Fleas jumped from rats to infest the clothes and packs of traders traveling west Took four years to reach all parts of Europe

5. The Culprits

6. 1347: Plague Reaches Constantinople!

7. Terrible Death Unsanitary conditions in towns and homes guaranteed the disease would spread Symptoms – swelling, black bruises, heavy sweats, & convulsive coughing People spat blood and stank terribly (rotting flesh)

8. The Disease Cycle Flea drinks rat blood that carries the bacteria. Flea’s gut clogged with bacteria. Bacteria multiply in flea’s gut. Flea bites human and regurgitates blood into human wound. Human is infected!

9. Warning: Next slide is gross!

10. The Symptoms Bulbous Septicemic Form: almost 100% mortality rate.

11. From the Toggenburg Bible, 1411

12. Lancing a Buboe

13. Effects of the Plague Economic –Town populations fell –Trade declined –Workers were scare –Farmland abandoned –Serfs unpaid Manorial system crumbled –Peasant revolts against nobility in England, France, Italy, and Belgium

14. Effects of the Plague Religious –Church lost prestige –Clergy took advantage of performing funerals –Christians blamed the Jews for the plague –Some saw the plague as God’s punishment – beat themselves with whips to show repentance for their sins Social –Pessimistic outlooks –Some people turned to magic and witchcraft for cures –Massive migration

15. Attempts to Stop the Plague A Doctor’s Robe “Leeching”

16. Attempts to Stop the Plague Flagellanti: Self-inflicted “penance” for our sins!

17. Attempts to Stop the Plague Pograms against the Jews “Jew” hat “Golden Circle” obligatory badge

18. The Mortality Rate 35% - 70% 25,000,000 dead !!!

19. Medieval Art & the Plague

20. Bring out your dead!

21. Medieval Art & the Plague An obsession with death.

22. Boccaccio in The Decameron The victims ate lunch with their friends and dinner with their ancestors.

23. The Danse Macabre

24. Death Triumphant: A Major Artistic Theme

25. A Little Macabre Ditty “A sickly season,” the merchant said, “The town I left was filled with dead, and everywhere these queer red flies crawled upon the corpses’ eyes, eating them away.” “Fair make you sick,” the merchant said, “They crawled upon the wine and bread. Pale priests with oil and books, bulging eyes and crazy looks, dropping like the flies.”

26. A Little Macabre Ditty (2) “I had to laugh,” the merchant said, “The doctors purged, and dosed, and bled; “And proved through solemn disputation “The cause lay in some constellation. “Then they began to die.” “First they sneezed,” the merchant said, “And then they turned the brightest red, Begged for water, then fell back. With bulging eyes and face turned black, they waited for the flies.”

27. A Little Macabre Ditty (3) “I came away,” the merchant said, “You can’t do business with the dead. “So I’ve come here to ply my trade. “You’ll find this to be a fine brocade…” And then he sneezed…