2. Slide 1 of 67 Introduction to Public Relations Part One Public Relations…The Profession Chapter 4 Law and Ethics © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

3. Introduction to Public RelationsLaw and Ethics Slide 2 of 67 An Assignment Reminder… Before viewing this lesson, please read the following textbook material: Public Relations: The Profession and the Practice, Chapter 4: Law and Ethics

4. A Conceptual Schema for Studying Public Relations Research Strategic Planning Evaluation Action and Communication Media Relations Employee Relations Community Relations Consumer Relations The Profession Introduction Theory Law and Ethics History Part 1 Part 1 The Process Part 2 The Publics Part 3 The Practice Part 4 Chapter 4 falls here. Slide 3 of 67 Public Affairs and Government Not-for- Profit Corporate Financial Emerging Trends

5. Introduction to Public RelationsLaw and Ethics Slide 4 of 67 We will study the ways in which PR practitioners exhibit ethical behaviors and the laws which affect them. We will gain an understanding of the different perspectives of lawyers as compared to those of PR practitioners. In Part Four–Chapter 4, Our Focus Is Law and Ethics

6. Introduction to Public RelationsLaw and Ethics Slide 5 of 67 Today’s Learning Objectives 1. Be able to define ethics. 2. Understand why good ethics are vital to the practitioner’s job. 3. Know the five realms of ethical practice. 4. Understand the legal and public relations point of views and how they work together. how they work together. 5. Know the legal obligations of public relations practitioners and the regulations that affect them. regulations that affect them. 6. Understand First Amendment implications for public relations.

7. Introduction to Public RelationsLaw and Ethics Slide 6 of 67 Are Public Relations Practitioners Unethical? Have you ever questioned the truthfulness of something said by a public relations practitioner (ex. a company spokesperson)? Have you ever questioned the truthfulness of something said by a public relations practitioner (ex. a company spokesperson)? Public relations practitioners face this challenge— they must exemplify a higher standard of ethics than their publics. Public relations practitioners face this challenge— they must exemplify a higher standard of ethics than their publics. Without personal and public trust a practitioner will fail. Without personal and public trust a practitioner will fail.

8. Introduction to Public RelationsLaw and Ethics Slide 7 of 67 Ethics and Strategy Practitioners have learned to… Practitioners have learned to… Value ethics as part of a long-term strategy of building a good name or image. Value ethics as part of a long-term strategy of building a good name or image. Fully integrate public relations into decision making functions to enhance good ethics. Fully integrate public relations into decision making functions to enhance good ethics.

9. Introduction to Public RelationsLaw and Ethics Slide 8 of 67 I. What Is Ethics? Definition: ethics is what is morally right or wrong in social conduct, usually as determined by standards of professions, organizations, and individuals. Ethics = Ethics = Commitment to High Standards regardless of advantage

10. Introduction to Public RelationsLaw and Ethics Slide 9 of 67 Ethics Is Based on One’s Character Word origin: comes from the Greek word ethos, referring to one’s character, the major force in right choices. Word origin: comes from the Greek word ethos, referring to one’s character, the major force in right choices. A person is viewed as ethical if one behaves by high standards of conduct and rightness, regardless of circumstantial advantage or reward. A person is viewed as ethical if one behaves by high standards of conduct and rightness, regardless of circumstantial advantage or reward.

11. Introduction to Public RelationsLaw and Ethics Slide 10 of 67 II. Setting the Ethical Tone Practitioners are often the source of… Practitioners are often the source of… ethical statements from the organization ethical statements from the organization organizational policies on ethical conduct organizational policies on ethical conduct

12. Introduction to Public RelationsLaw and Ethics Slide 11 of 67 Initiate Organizational Ethics As a practitioner, you should give blanket endorsement to the ethical practices of the executive level. As a practitioner, you should give blanket endorsement to the ethical practices of the executive level. You should initiate blameless, ethical organizational behavior. You should initiate blameless, ethical organizational behavior.

13. Introduction to Public RelationsLaw and Ethics Slide 12 of 67 To Which Profession Do We Belong? Unless you are willing to resign an account or a job over a matter of principle, it is useless to call yourself a member of the world’s newest profession—for you are already a member of the world’s oldest. --Tommy Ross PR Practitioner

14. Introduction to Public RelationsLaw and Ethics Slide 13 of 67 A Change in Perceptions of Ethics Click the image to read about changes in how business people perceive the importance of good ethics. Be aware of five realms of ethical conduct…

15. Introduction to Public RelationsLaw and Ethics Slide 14 of 67 III. The Challenge of Ethical Practice in Five Realms There are five realms involving ethical practice: There are five realms involving ethical practice: Ethics as standards of social conduct Individual ethics Business ethics Ethical dealings with news media Ethics and laws We’ll examine these realms individually…

16. Introduction to Public RelationsLaw and Ethics Slide 15 of 67 Realm One: Ethics As Standards of Social Conduct The practitioner should understand several factors regulating standards of social conduct: The practitioner should understand several factors regulating standards of social conduct: Factor 1: Tradition Factor 1: Tradition Ways in which the situation has been viewed or handled in the past (We’ve always done it this way).

17. Introduction to Public RelationsLaw and Ethics Slide 16 of 67 The Influence of Public Opinion and Law Factor 2: Public Opinion Factor 2: Public Opinion Currently acceptable behavior according to the majority of one’s peers. Factor 3: Law Factor 3: Law Behaviors that are permissible and those that are prohibited by legislation.

18. Introduction to Public RelationsLaw and Ethics Slide 17 of 67 The Influence of Morality and Ethics Factor 4: Morality Factor 4: Morality Generally a spiritual or religious prohibition. Generally a spiritual or religious prohibition. Factor 5: Ethics Factor 5: Ethics Standards set by the profession, an organization or oneself, based on conscience—what is right or fair to others as well as to self?

19. Introduction to Public RelationsLaw and Ethics Slide 18 of 67 Realm Two: Individual Ethics Pubic relations practitioners must have high personal standards of ethics. Pubic relations practitioners must have high personal standards of ethics. Without personal convictions, any professional code could easily become an object of relativism and manipulation. Without personal convictions, any professional code could easily become an object of relativism and manipulation.

20. Introduction to Public RelationsLaw and Ethics Slide 19 of 67 Practitioners Have Moral Obligations To ourselves—to preserve our own integrity To our clients—to honor our contracts and to use our professional expertise on our clients’ behalf To our organizations—to adhere to organizational goals and policies To our profession—to uphold the standards of the profession and, by extension, the reputation of our fellow practitioner To our society—to consider social needs and claims

21. Introduction to Public RelationsLaw and Ethics Slide 20 of 67 Individual Ethical Tips Here are eight tips to guide you in developing your own ethical convictions and behavior. 1. Never accept a client or a job with an organization or person with questionable character or conduct. 2. Always be honest with everyone, especially the media. 3. Don’t handle competing clients. 4. Don’t make unfair comments about competitors.

22. Introduction to Public RelationsLaw and Ethics Slide 21 of 67 Ethical Tips Cont. 5. Keep the pubic interest in mind at all times. 6. Respect confidences. 7. Make sure all your financial activities are “above board.” 8. Use organizational codes—such as the PRSA Code—as a starting place, but incorporate your own standards as well.

23. Introduction to Public RelationsLaw and Ethics Slide 22 of 67 Realm 3: Business Ethics Personal ethics can be in conflict with organizational ethics. Personal ethics can be in conflict with organizational ethics. Professional codes, corporate policy and law are no guarantees of actual ethical behavior. Professional codes, corporate policy and law are no guarantees of actual ethical behavior. Actual behavior is always rooted in individual choices. Actual behavior is always rooted in individual choices.

24. Introduction to Public RelationsLaw and Ethics Slide 23 of 67 Need for Total Honesty Credibility comes with total honesty. Credibility comes with total honesty. Anything less will destroy your credibility and usefulness to your employer. Anything less will destroy your credibility and usefulness to your employer. News media depend on practitioners for much of the information they pass on (usually unverified) to their audiences. News media depend on practitioners for much of the information they pass on (usually unverified) to their audiences. If you provide inaccurate information, they will not rely on you as a source. If you provide inaccurate information, they will not rely on you as a source.

25. Introduction to Public RelationsLaw and Ethics Slide 24 of 67 Realm 4: Ethical Dealings With News Media Trust only comes with habitual ethical performance. Trust only comes with habitual ethical performance. A practitioner’s effectiveness with the media can be destroyed by expensive shortcuts such as… A practitioner’s effectiveness with the media can be destroyed by expensive shortcuts such as… Extravagant parties Extravagant parties Expensive gifts Expensive gifts Personal favors Personal favors

26. Introduction to Public RelationsLaw and Ethics Slide 25 of 67 Be Aware of Expectations Some media people expect such shortcuts and special treatment… Some media people expect such shortcuts and special treatment… but learn to tactfully decline offering unethical perks. but learn to tactfully decline offering unethical perks.

27. Introduction to Public RelationsLaw and Ethics Slide 26 of 67 Realm 5: Ethics and Law Following the letter of the law is not the same as being ethical. Following the letter of the law is not the same as being ethical. However, public relations practitioners do need to be familiar with laws covering their particular clients. However, public relations practitioners do need to be familiar with laws covering their particular clients.

28. Introduction to Public RelationsLaw and Ethics Slide 27 of 67 Let’s Review Ethics: Ethics are standards of right social conduct, empowered by character not circumstances. Ethics are standards of right social conduct, empowered by character not circumstances. The practitioner's ethical choices are viewed by the public as equal to the organization’s trustworthiness. The practitioner's ethical choices are viewed by the public as equal to the organization’s trustworthiness. One's ethical practice is affected by accepted standards of conduct, individual and business ethics, trust with mews media, and relative laws. One's ethical practice is affected by accepted standards of conduct, individual and business ethics, trust with mews media, and relative laws.

29. Introduction to Public RelationsLaw and Ethics Slide 28 of 67 IV. Legal Topics Understand opposing views between public relations and legal counsel Understand opposing views between public relations and legal counsel Understand the role of the First Amendment in public relations practice Understand the role of the First Amendment in public relations practice Assess the impact of regulatory agencies on public relations practice Assess the impact of regulatory agencies on public relations practice

30. Introduction to Public RelationsLaw and Ethics Slide 29 of 67 Public Relations can be a legal landmine for the uninformed practitioner Public relations doesn’t seem like a dangerous profession. The product of public relations—information—can be just as dangerous as many lethal weapons. Information used improperly or illegally can result in individuals going to jail and organizations going out of business. Slide 29 of 67

31. Introduction to Public RelationsLaw and Ethics Slide 30 of 67 PR Practitioners and Lawyers Handling of information sets up the sometimes adversarial relationship between public relations practitioners and lawyers. Handling of information sets up the sometimes adversarial relationship between public relations practitioners and lawyers. Practitioners know the value of “plain talk” in the court of public opinion. Practitioners know the value of “plain talk” in the court of public opinion. Lawyers are experts in understanding the discreet use of information. Lawyers are experts in understanding the discreet use of information.

32. Introduction to Public RelationsLaw and Ethics Slide 31 of 67 PR practitioners have to work with lawyers Click on the picture to hear about working with legal counsel.

33. Introduction to Public RelationsLaw and Ethics Slide 32 of 67 Knowing Your Legal Rights and Obligations Because public relations practitioners deal in information, they must understand their legal rights, as well as their legal obligations, if they are to help their organizations. Because public relations practitioners deal in information, they must understand their legal rights, as well as their legal obligations, if they are to help their organizations. Several of these legal obligations are discussed in other chapters on financial and community relations. Several of these legal obligations are discussed in other chapters on financial and community relations.

34. Introduction to Public RelationsLaw and Ethics Slide 33 of 67 Walking a Tight Rope Legal Issues Scenario: Imagine you, a McDonald's PR practitioner, are in a corporate meeting discussing this protest event. A corporate lawyer wants to put the animal rights organization out of business with a lawsuit. How would you respond?

35. Introduction to Public RelationsLaw and Ethics Slide 34 of 67 Goal Responsible Behavior Avoid Liability Pits The Practitioner’s Focus The Lawyer’s Focus Slide 34 of 67

36. Introduction to Public RelationsLaw and Ethics Slide 35 of 67 Two Rules of Thumb Do not lie to the press, even if full disclosure is not possible. Do not lie to the press, even if full disclosure is not possible. Do not allow a legal perspective on issues to determine corporate policy or response on any given issue. Do not allow a legal perspective on issues to determine corporate policy or response on any given issue.

37. Introduction to Public RelationsLaw and Ethics Slide 36 of 67 Legal Obligations for Practitioners First Amendment rights First Amendment rights Defamation Defamation Invasion of privacy Invasion of privacy Copyright and trademark laws Copyright and trademark laws Regulations of the FTC, FDA and FCC Regulations of the FTC, FDA and FCC

38. Introduction to Public RelationsLaw and Ethics Slide 37 of 67 First Amendment Rights and Limits First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution protects individual freedom of expression and also freedom of the press.

39. Introduction to Public RelationsLaw and Ethics Slide 38 of 67 What Does the First Amendment Say? Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.

40. Introduction to Public RelationsLaw and Ethics Slide 39 of 67 Commercial Free Speech Some court decisions have been favorable regarding commercial speech by allowing corporations to speak out on public issues and to use issues-oriented advertising. However, courts are also interested in maintaining truth-in- advertising.

41. Introduction to Public RelationsLaw and Ethics Slide 40 of 67 Individual Free Speech The Constitution provides broad latitude for individual citizens to exercise freedom of expression, although this is a continuing controversy in areas such as art and religious expression.

42. Introduction to Public RelationsLaw and Ethics Slide 41 of 67 Organizational Free Speech Some court rulings suggest that corporations have freedoms similar to those of individuals. However, corporations have a greater potential to harm other freedoms, which often makes corporate expression more susceptible to scrutiny.

43. Introduction to Public RelationsLaw and Ethics Slide 42 of 67 Many Business Problems Are Resolved In Two Courts … The court of law where lawyers plead their cases, and where business problems may appear after months or years of legal delays The court of law where lawyers plead their cases, and where business problems may appear after months or years of legal delays The court of public opinion, where a business can be tried, found guilty and punished far more severely and quickly The court of public opinion, where a business can be tried, found guilty and punished far more severely and quickly The requirements for winning vary considerably

44. Introduction to Public RelationsLaw and Ethics Slide 43 of 67 Winners In The Court Of Law Tend To Be … Those who permit their attorneys to say “no comment” on camera and to the media Those who permit their attorneys to say “no comment” on camera and to the media Those who delay legal proceedings until … Those who delay legal proceedings until … The other side runs out of time or money The other side runs out of time or money Witnesses have dispersed or passed away Witnesses have dispersed or passed away The average individual has forgotten about the problem or issue involved The average individual has forgotten about the problem or issue involved Those with the most money to hire the best lawyers Those with the most money to hire the best lawyers The court of public opinion is another matter

45. Introduction to Public RelationsLaw and Ethics Slide 44 of 67 Winners In The Court Of Public Opinion … Quickly and publicly accept responsibility for their actions Quickly and publicly accept responsibility for their actions Redress legitimate grievances regardless of pending litigation Redress legitimate grievances regardless of pending litigation Deal with the media, the community and the aggrieved openly, honestly and immediately Deal with the media, the community and the aggrieved openly, honestly and immediately What’s the bottom line?

46. Introduction to Public RelationsLaw and Ethics Slide 45 of 67 Those Winning the Legal Battle Often Lose The Public Relations War Those found guilty in the court of public opinion inevitably lose public confidence and… Those found guilty in the court of public opinion inevitably lose public confidence and… Customers Customers Personnel Personnel Investors Investors Other publics who don’t want to be associated with the company Other publics who don’t want to be associated with the company Lost reputations are almost never recovered… Lost reputations are almost never recovered…

47. Introduction to Public RelationsLaw and Ethics Slide 46 of 67 Organizations As Well As Media Can Be Guilty Of … Defamation – a communication that holds an individual up to contempt, hatred, ridicule or scorn Defamation – a communication that holds an individual up to contempt, hatred, ridicule or scorn Slander—oral defamation Slander—oral defamation Libel—published defamation Libel—published defamation Criminal libel—may involve ‘inciting to riot’ or ‘breach of the peace’ Criminal libel—may involve ‘inciting to riot’ or ‘breach of the peace’ Civil libel—involves only defamation Civil libel—involves only defamation

48. Introduction to Public RelationsLaw and Ethics Slide 47 of 67 Defamation Defamation is the malicious and intentional expression of opinion, information or fact for the specific purpose of damaging another person’s reputation. Defamation is the malicious and intentional expression of opinion, information or fact for the specific purpose of damaging another person’s reputation. Claims of truth are the best defense against defamation, but not a guarantee of exoneration. Claims of truth are the best defense against defamation, but not a guarantee of exoneration. Click on this image to view Britannica’s article on defamation

49. Introduction to Public RelationsLaw and Ethics Slide 48 of 67 Two Types of Libel Criminal libel: Criminal libel: A “breach of peace” or other activity where the offender explicitly advocates illegal activities by others or adoption of attitudes that have severe negative consequences to another. A “breach of peace” or other activity where the offender explicitly advocates illegal activities by others or adoption of attitudes that have severe negative consequences to another. Civil libel: Civil libel: A defamation that damages a reputation or inflicts emotional trauma that results in a loss of income or ability to function normally. A defamation that damages a reputation or inflicts emotional trauma that results in a loss of income or ability to function normally.

50. Introduction to Public RelationsLaw and Ethics Slide 49 of 67 Risk To Public Relations Practitioners Is Greatest In Civil Libel The following criteria make a statement libelous: The following criteria make a statement libelous: Publication of falsehood Publication of falsehood Damage to reputation, persons or income Damage to reputation, persons or income Identification of injured party Identification of injured party Malice or Negligence in information handling Malice or Negligence in information handling Defamation of persons or organizations Defamation of persons or organizations Libel Defenses…

51. Introduction to Public RelationsLaw and Ethics Slide 50 of 67 Successful Defenses Against Libel May Be … Truth: statements involved are truthful [and can be proven to be truthful] Truth: statements involved are truthful [and can be proven to be truthful] Privilege: content originates in a governmental agency, but is presented fairly Privilege: content originates in a governmental agency, but is presented fairly Fair Comment: statements constitute ‘fair comment’ on a public issue and are supported by factual material Fair Comment: statements constitute ‘fair comment’ on a public issue and are supported by factual material Other legal pitfalls for practitioners:

52. Introduction to Public RelationsLaw and Ethics Slide 51 of 67 Invasion of Privacy Appropriation or the unauthorized commercial use of an entity’s picture, likeness, or name. Appropriation or the unauthorized commercial use of an entity’s picture, likeness, or name. Publication of private information—publishing true information not known by a great number of people. Publication of private information—publishing true information not known by a great number of people. Requires prior consent. Requires prior consent. Intrusion or the surreptitious observation of an entity’s activities. Intrusion or the surreptitious observation of an entity’s activities. False light—when true facts are embellished with falsehoods, or exaggerated or used out of context. False light—when true facts are embellished with falsehoods, or exaggerated or used out of context.

53. Introduction to Public RelationsLaw and Ethics Slide 52 of 67 Defenses of Invasion of Privacy Charges Obtain written consent from potential sources of legal suit. Obtain written consent from potential sources of legal suit. Especially helpful in defense are signed release forms of legal responsibility. Especially helpful in defense are signed release forms of legal responsibility.

54. Introduction to Public RelationsLaw and Ethics Slide 53 of 67 Freedom of Information The Freedom of Information Act opens many governmental records to public [and practitioner] scrutiny. Most popular use: Obtaining information about labor unions, advocacy groups and others which which the corporation may come into conflict.

55. Introduction to Public RelationsLaw and Ethics Slide 54 of 67 FOI Act Limits Privacy of Public Officials Public officials and government enjoy much less privacy than do individuals in the private sector due to the Freedom of Information Act and the Sunshine Act. Public officials and government enjoy much less privacy than do individuals in the private sector due to the Freedom of Information Act and the Sunshine Act. Covers the U.S. federal government. Covers the U.S. federal government. Applies to: Applies to: Opinions in settled cases Opinions in settled cases Statements of policy Statements of policy Staff manuals affecting the public Staff manuals affecting the public

56. Introduction to Public RelationsLaw and Ethics Slide 55 of 67 Practitioners need to know the legal limits Protected Intellectual Property Intellectual creations [original writings and works of creative art] generally are owned by their creators – individuals or organizations. They are subject to protection under copyright and trademark law. Copyright refers to the legal protection afforded to the author or of a formalized method of communication or artistic expression such as… Copyright refers to the legal protection afforded to the author or of a formalized method of communication or artistic expression such as… books, movies, plays, music, dances, songs, sculptures, pictures and other tangible fixed formats

57. Introduction to Public RelationsLaw and Ethics Slide 56 of 67 You Can Use Copyrighted Material Under The Act’s Four ‘Fair Use’ Provisions If … Use is for non-commercial purposes Use is for non-commercial purposes Content is not taken out of context Content is not taken out of context Credit is given to the source Credit is given to the source The commercial value of the work is not materially reduced The commercial value of the work is not materially reduced You can use material if the percentage of the work used falls within specific limits [100-200 words from a major book or article] Trademarks are another matter

58. Introduction to Public RelationsLaw and Ethics Slide 57 of 67 What Are Trademarks? Refers to the names and logos of products or product brands which are legally protected for exclusive or licensed commercial use. Refers to the names and logos of products or product brands which are legally protected for exclusive or licensed commercial use. Corporations often seek to protect their trademarks from others who could profit from them. Corporations often seek to protect their trademarks from others who could profit from them. Trademark Examples: Trademark Examples: Product names such as Kleenex Product names such as Kleenex Brand names like Chevrolet Brand names like Chevrolet Graphic renderings of those names in specific type faces and/or with accompanying artwork Graphic renderings of those names in specific type faces and/or with accompanying artwork

59. Introduction to Public RelationsLaw and Ethics Slide 58 of 67 Conspiracy Penalties are Possible … Knows about a felony and fails to report that knowledge to the authorities or actively covers up the felony. Knows about a felony and fails to report that knowledge to the authorities or actively covers up the felony. For any individual who… The law extends to information about felonies that have been committed by an employer, a client or a third party

60. Introduction to Public RelationsLaw and Ethics Slide 59 of 67 Contracts Legal documents that specify the actions and expectations of two or more parties for the protection of each. Legal documents that specify the actions and expectations of two or more parties for the protection of each. Contracts stipulate… Contracts stipulate… what each can do in the relationship what each can do in the relationship under what circumstances they can act under what circumstances they can act what monetary and/or productive compensation will be received what monetary and/or productive compensation will be received Regulatory agencies’ rules also apply

61. Introduction to Public RelationsLaw and Ethics Slide 60 of 67 Government Regulatory Agencies Three of the government regulatory agencies that can limit how public relations practitioners create and disseminate information are the… Three of the government regulatory agencies that can limit how public relations practitioners create and disseminate information are the… FTC FTC FDA FDA FCC FCC Such agencies are concerned with the legal dimensions of public relations messages and/or advertising claims. Such agencies are concerned with the legal dimensions of public relations messages and/or advertising claims.

62. Introduction to Public RelationsLaw and Ethics Slide 61 of 67 Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Communication directly affecting economic exchanges or trade must be true. Communication directly affecting economic exchanges or trade must be true. Claims in ads or press releases must be verifiable. Claims in ads or press releases must be verifiable. Click on the image to read a press release from the FTC regarding Exxon. Such oversight greatly affects the practitioner’s work as a manager/communicator.

63. Introduction to Public RelationsLaw and Ethics Slide 62 of 67 Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Information about food, drugs and cosmetics must conform to federal standards for health and safety. Information about food, drugs and cosmetics must conform to federal standards for health and safety. Click on the image to read an overview of the FDA’s massive operation. Click on the image to read an overview of the FDA’s massive operation.

64. Introduction to Public RelationsLaw and Ethics Slide 63 of 67 Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Regulates broadcasting including Public Service Announcements (PSAs) and required opportunities to respond to public issues. Regulates broadcasting including Public Service Announcements (PSAs) and required opportunities to respond to public issues. Click on the image to visit the FCC’s official web site.

65. Introduction to Public RelationsLaw and Ethics Slide 64 of 67 Binding Regulations Are Imposed By … The Federal Trade Commission covering advertising and news releases The Federal Trade Commission covering advertising and news releases The Food and Drug Administration covering labeling The Food and Drug Administration covering labeling The Securities and Exchange Commission covering insider trading The Securities and Exchange Commission covering insider trading The National Labor Relations Board covering unfair labor practices The National Labor Relations Board covering unfair labor practices And there are others as well And there are others as well

66. Introduction to Public RelationsLaw and Ethics Slide 65 of 67 Laws and regulations also apply to the Internet…Laws and regulations also apply to the Internet… Libel and slander Libel and slander Copyright and trademark Copyright and trademark And the provisions of most of the statutes and regulations mentioned earlier And the provisions of most of the statutes and regulations mentioned earlier From practical and legal standpoints, the Internet is a medium like any other.From practical and legal standpoints, the Internet is a medium like any other. Internet Communication

67. Introduction to Public RelationsLaw and Ethics Slide 66 of 67 The Internet and the First Amendment Click on the image to read an article on this issue from the Virginia Journal of Law and Technology.

68. Introduction to Public RelationsLaw and Ethics Slide 67 of 67 In Summary… The agendas of practitioners and lawyers often clash because they counsel their superiors regarding two different courts. The agendas of practitioners and lawyers often clash because they counsel their superiors regarding two different courts. Misuse of the First Amendment is safeguarded by court precedent and state law concerning defamation, invasion of privacy, property rights, contracts, and The Freedom of Information Act. Misuse of the First Amendment is safeguarded by court precedent and state law concerning defamation, invasion of privacy, property rights, contracts, and The Freedom of Information Act. Three government agencies regulate the accuracy of ads/press releases (FTC), food and drug packaging (FDA), and broadcasting (FCC). Three government agencies regulate the accuracy of ads/press releases (FTC), food and drug packaging (FDA), and broadcasting (FCC).