1. ANALISIS SPATIAL DALAM PERTANIAN Diabstraksikan oleh: smno jursntnh.fpub ….. Sept2013 Bahan kajian pd MK Pertanian Berlanjut

2. APLIKASI SIG DALAM PERTANIAN Diunduh dari: ….. 29/9/2012

3. GPS/GIS Applications in Agriculture Gary T. Roberson Agricultural Machinery Systems Diunduh dari: ncsu.edu/tltr/gis.roberson.ppt - ….. 29/9/2012

4. Global Positioning System (GPS) Space and land based information system to determine precise position data. Utilizes military satellites to determine positioning information. – Position based on trilateration from know satelite locations. Berjuta pengguna GPS di penjuru dunia. – GPS dalam pertanian sudah terkenal. Diunduh dari: ncsu.edu/tltr/gis.roberson.ppt - ….. 29/9/2012

5. Memilih Komponen GPS Hand Held Backpack Vehicle Mounted Recreational Mapping Surveying Diunduh dari: ncsu.edu/tltr/gis.roberson.ppt - ….. 29/9/2012

6. APLIKASI GPS/GIS Guidance – Point Guidance – Swath Guidance Kontrol – Peubah Dosis aplikasi – Peubah kedalaman olah tanah – Peubah Irigasi PEMETAAN – Sifat-ciri Tanah – Aplikasi Bahan Kimia – Prescriptions Kimia – Peta Olah Tanah – Pemetaan Hasil Tanaman – Pemetaah Gangguan Hama – Peta Topografi – Peta Pertanaman Diunduh dari: ncsu.edu/tltr/gis.roberson.ppt - ….. 29/9/2012

7. Persyaratan Akurasi? Peubah aplikasi pupuk – (Swath control) Pemetaan hasil tanaman Peubah aplikasi herbisida Spray overlap control Row crop planting Seed bed formation 30 m – 1 m 10 m 1 m 10 cm 5 cm Diunduh dari: ncsu.edu/tltr/gis.roberson.ppt - ….. 29/9/2012

8. PEMETAAN LAPANGAN Data Posisi (data georeferen) dicatat dnegan interval yang ditentukan sbeelumnya. Other data recorded manually or automatically by monitor, computer, or data logger. Data disajikan dnegan menggunakan GIS dalam format peta thematik. Diunduh dari: ncsu.edu/tltr/gis.roberson.ppt - ….. 29/9/2012

9. Sampling TANAH Georeferenced soil samples can be collected Metode-metode Sampling – Grid sampling: Sampling intensif di seluruh lapangan – Directed sampling: sampling intensif untuk area- area tertentu yang menjadi fokus sasaran survei Diunduh dari: ncsu.edu/tltr/gis.roberson.ppt - ….. 29/9/2012

10. GRID SAMPLING Data collected for each cell or point Multiple samples combined into each cell or point sample Diunduh dari: ncsu.edu/tltr/gis.roberson.ppt - ….. 29/9/2012

11. Sampling Terarah Sampling zones established based on knowledge of field GPS used to locate sample points. Area-area tertentu di- sampel secara intensif, sedangkan area lainnya sampelnya tidak intense. Diunduh dari: ncsu.edu/tltr/gis.roberson.ppt - ….. 29/9/2012

12. PETA HASIL PERTANIAN Catatan variasi spasial hasil tanaman dalam suatu area lahan usaha. GPS data coupled with yield data to produce map. – Mechanically harvested – Hand harvested Alat bantu yang berguna bagi pengambilan keputusan. Diunduh dari: ncsu.edu/tltr/gis.roberson.ppt - ….. 29/9/2012

13. PETA HASIL KAPAS Diunduh dari: ncsu.edu/tltr/gis.roberson.ppt - ….. 29/9/2012

14. FIELD SCOUTING Fields can be scouted for a variety of pests Populasi hama dicatat pada peta Decision tools can be applied on a site specific basis Diunduh dari: ncsu.edu/tltr/gis.roberson.ppt - ….. 29/9/2012

15. Weed Map Diunduh dari: ncsu.edu/tltr/gis.roberson.ppt - ….. 29/9/2012

16. Variable Rate Control Application rates designed for needs of small sections of a field GPS menentukan posisi peralatan di lapangan Komputer mengontrol penggunaan data GPS dan file-file ‘prescription’ untuk menyesuaikan kecepatan. Diunduh dari: ncsu.edu/tltr/gis.roberson.ppt - ….. 29/9/2012

17. Prescription Map Diunduh dari: ncsu.edu/tltr/gis.roberson.ppt - ….. 29/9/2012

18. CONTOH - CONTOH APLIKASI GIS. PERTANIAN, DLL.

19. CONTOH-CONTOH Precision farming in Indian Agricultural Scenario Baburao Dashrath kamble Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System. School of Advanced Technologies Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand Tel: +66-2-524-7525 Fax: +66-2-524-5597 Email: baburaokamble@yahoo.combaburaokamble@yahoo.com Now Modern agricultural management practices are changing from assuming homogenous fields to attempting to address field variability by dividing the field into smaller zones and managing these zones separately Precision agriculture has focused on the development of techniques that primarily aid the convention farming system.( ie. tilling the soil to prepare for planting, and heavy reliance on chemical inputs, such as pesticides and fertilizers). The small size of farms and fields in most of Indian agriculture limits economic gains from currently available precision farming technology, while the population density, and public concerns for the environment, food safety and animal welfare means that those potential benefits of precision agriculture are being given more attention. While adoption of precision farming in wide concept has been modest in India the potential for using precision agriculture to address environmental, food safety, animal welfare and sustainability problems seems to be attracting political attention in India conditions. It is not impossible to adopt Precision agriculture in India but Research efforts are needed to find out its applicability in the Indian agricultural scenario. Current paper deals with the applicability, opportunity of precision agriculture in India. Diunduh dari: http://www.gisdevelopment.net/application/agriculture/overview/me05_107pf.htm ….. 29/9/2012

20. Precision farming in Indian Agricultural Scenario Precision farming is characterised by a number of sophisticated tools that assist in monitoring variation and managing inputs. These include: 1.Global Positioning System (GPS) – a referencing device capable of identifying sites within a field; 2.Sensors and dataloggers – crop, soil and climate information can be monitored at a high frequency using these technologies; 3.Geographic Information Systems (GIS) – maps of these attributes can be generated and analysed using simple browsers or complex models Diunduh dari: http://www.gisdevelopment.net/application/agriculture/overview/me05_107pf.htm ….. 29/9/2012 PRECISION FARMING OVERVIEW

21. INCREASING CROP, LIVESTOCK AND FISHERY PRODUCTIVITY THROUGH ICT Using Remote Sensors and Similar Tools to Measure Soil Properties for creating digital soil maps. Through near infrared and short-wave infrared sensors, satellites measure spectral reflectance in soils on the ground. Different materials reflect and absorb solar radiation at a variety of wavelengths (see the figure). As a result, remote sensors can measure soil color, texture (sand, silt, and clay), organic matter, moisture, salinity, and absorption processes by detecting and observing the solar radiation reflected (orbit sensing). Reflectance changes depending on the soil’s contents; for example, reflectance is low in areas with low silt content. This technology gives researchers an accurate assessment of soil properties to use in GIS and computer modeling for digital soil maps. Diunduh dari: http://www.ictinagriculture.org/ictinag/sourcebook/module-5-increasing-crop-livestock-and-fishery-productivity-through-ict ….. 29/9/2012 Source: http://www.crisp.nus.edu.sg/~research/tutorial/optical.htm and (a) Hoffer 1978. http://www.crisp.nus.edu.sg/~research/tutorial/optical.htm

22. INCREASING CROP, LIVESTOCK AND FISHERY PRODUCTIVITY THROUGH ICT Precision Farming through Satellite Technologies Precision farming through satellite technology utilizes three technologies: GPS (which can position a tractor within a few feet in the field), GIS (which can capture, manage, and analyze spatial data relating to crop productivity and field inputs), and variable rate technology (which provides site-specific, “on-the-fly” estimates of field inputs for site-specific application). The three ICTs combined provide information that allows producers to apply inputs, such as fertilizer and insecticide, precisely where they are needed Diunduh dari: http://www.ictinagriculture.org/ictinag/sourcebook/module-5-increasing-crop-livestock-and-fishery-productivity-through-ict ….. 29/9/2012 Source: GIS Development NetGIS Development Net

23. INCREASING CROP, LIVESTOCK AND FISHERY PRODUCTIVITY THROUGH ICT Web-Based GIS for Paddy Precision Farming, Malaysia In Malaysia, an interactive, web-based GIS provides information for precision farming and mapping in the Sawah Sempadan rice-growing area in Tanjung Karang, Selangor (Che’Ya et al. 2009). The system allows farmers to access information about rice cultivation in their area. Because it uses open-source software, the system is cost- effective for users. Farmers can print variable rate fertilizer application maps and historical data about yield per paddy lot in previous seasons. This helps farmers analyze and reflect on the best strategy for the coming growing season. Farmers can share information, especially on fertilizer recommendations. A web presence also allows policy makers to access rice information. Diunduh dari: http://www.ictinagriculture.org/ictinag/sourcebook/module-5-increasing-crop-livestock-and-fishery-productivity-through-ict ….. 29/9/2012

24. Applications of geographical information systems (GIS) for spatial decision support in aquaculture Shree S Nath, John P Bolte, Lindsay G Ross, Jose Aguilar-Manjarrez. Aquacultural Engineering. Volume 23, Issues 1–3, September 2000, Pages 233–278. A hierarchical modeling scheme with MCE and MOLA to evaluate suitability of locations for aquaculture and agriculture and resolve associated conflicts, in the Sinaloa state of Mexico (adapted from Aguilar-Manjarrez and Ross, 1995). Aguilar-Manjarrez and Ross, 1995 Diunduh dari: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0144860900000510 ….. 29/9/2012

25. Applications of geographical information systems (GIS) for spatial decision support in aquaculture Shree S Nath, John P Bolte, Lindsay G Ross, Jose Aguilar-Manjarrez. Aquacultural Engineering. Volume 23, Issues 1–3, September 2000, Pages 233–278. A hierarchical modeling scheme with a MCE approach to assess the suitability of locations, and associated yield potentials for inland aquaculture in Africa (adapted from Aguilar- Manjarrez and Nath, 1998).Aguilar- Manjarrez and Nath, 1998 Diunduh dari: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0144860900000510 ….. 29/9/2012

26. Precision Farming With GIS: A fresh Method of Farming Posted by ForestryGIS on Monday, January 9, 2012 Organic Farming Detail harvesting delivers farmers a fresh set of tools to assist them see as well as deal with their property, and also to better recognize his or her garden soil circumstances. Accurate grinding uses Geographical Informations Systems, to split an area in to little helpings so that you can look at the field in higher depth. This information enables you to decrease eco-friendly fertilizer waste materials through providing exact info on what kind of vitamins happen to be in the soil, along with what are the ph of the garden soil location is. This can be done simply by splitting up the actual farm directly into modest units, next analyzing your earth. In the event the soil is way too alkaline or perhaps citrus in one region, it may locking mechanism your nutrients protecting against the particular plants through ingesting these. Together with accuracy harvesting these kinds of locations may be treatable to offer your entire industry the consistent ph level making it possible for better crop operations. Diunduh dari: http://www.forestry-gis.info/2012/01/precision-farming-with-gis-fresh-method.html ….. 29/9/2012

27. GIS BASED CROP PRODUCTION MODEL AND ITS APPLICATIONS Satya Priya RMSI Pvt. Ltd., NOIDA, India. satyap@riskinc.com To address the spatial variability, a spatial model “Spatial-EPIC” “(Satya et. al., 1998) was developed based on a crop simulation model EPIC (Williams, J. R. and A. N. Sharpely., 1989) (Erosion Productivity Impact Calculator). Diunduh dari: http://gisdevelopment.net/application/agriculture/production/agric0008.htm ….. 29/9/2012 Brief schematic presentation of modeling

28. GIS BASED CROP PRODUCTION MODEL AND ITS APPLICATIONS Satya Priya RMSI Pvt. Ltd., NOIDA, India. satyap@riskinc.com Development of “spatial-epic model” To understand what these crop needs are from point to point/pixel to pixel, it is necessary to understand the relationship between crop yield and both controllable (such as fertiliser nutrients) and uncontrollable (such as soil, topography) factors. The effect of these factors on yield is complex and may change from point to point within a field. Identification of opportunities and constraints is the task of characterisation. Modeling within a GIS offers a mechanism to integrate the many scales of data developed in and for agricultural research. Diunduh dari: http://gisdevelopment.net/application/agriculture/production/agric0008.htm ….. 29/9/2012. Physical Components of the Model.

29. GIS BASED CROP PRODUCTION MODEL AND ITS APPLICATIONS Satya Priya RMSI Pvt. Ltd., NOIDA, India. satyap@riskinc.com Development of Dynamic Adaptations & Management Loop The original EPIC is static with respect to management and technology. A single crop or rotation, tillage practice, conservation measure, crop planting and harvesting date, and machine sequence is specified prior to an EPIC simulation and cannot be varied during a simulation. The level of technology (such as plant genetic material and efficiency, plant varieties or cultivar, irrigation efficiencies, and so on) is also fixed. This was one of the main bottlenecks in the EPIC because it can not adopt the management as per the climatic and resources prevail in temporal time scale. Therefore, the “Spatial-EPIC” carries a component where all these management and technologies practices have been made dynamic. Diunduh dari: http://gisdevelopment.net/application/agriculture/production/agric0008.htm ….. 29/9/2012. Modelling Linkage Diagram.

30. USING REMOTELY SENSED DATA AND GIS TO IMPROVE FARM PLANNING AND PRODUCTIVITY Darryl Woodrow National GIS Manager, Airesearch Mapping Pty Ltd. 11 Hi-Tech Ct, Technology Park. Eight Mile Plains QLD 4113 Ph. 07 3841 3433 Fax. 07 38413466. dwoodrow@airesearch.com.au Precision Farming is one of the latest developments in managing returns from farm assets. Using a Geographic Information System (GIS), analysis of an entire farm can be made down to sub-paddock regions. Information such as soil, slope, aspect and rainfall can all be analysed to develop a picture of the characteristics of each parcel of land. Characteristics of one parcel can be compared to others to determine why yields and costs incurred vary from one location to another. However, is this all encompassing?.Are there ways we can improve our decisions? With the combination of remotely sensed data (satellite imagery, aerial photography, plus others) and GIS, decisions on farm management can be made to maximise returns and reduce costs. Imagery can be used to determine the health and vigor of crops and assist in determining growth rates. Informed decisions can then be made on the productivity of various parcels. Action can be taken to improve areas that are not performing. Yield returns can be calculated and risk assessments made for the viability of any parcel of land. Long-term strategies can be formed with confidence that the information being used is the best available. With the information determined from imagery the harvest could be planned to maximise yields over the entire farm. Diunduh dari: http://www.regional.org.au/au/gia/08/259woodrow.htm….. 29/9/2012

31. USING REMOTELY SENSED DATA AND GIS TO IMPROVE FARM PLANNING AND PRODUCTIVITY Darryl Woodrow National GIS Manager, Airesearch Mapping Pty Ltd. 11 Hi-Tech Ct, Technology Park. Eight Mile Plains QLD 4113 Ph. 07 3841 3433 Fax. 07 38413466. dwoodrow@airesearch.com.au The Benefits of Remote Sensing to Agriculture Applications of remote sensing in agriculture may only be limited by a persons imagination. Current applications are designed to provide the farmer with timely information about crop progress. The following are just some of the benefits that can be gained from the use of remote sensing. 1.Early identification of crop health and stress 2.Ability to use this information to do remediation work on the problem 3.Improve crop yield 4.Crop yield predictions 5.Reduce costs 6.Reduce environmental impact 7.Crop management to maximise returns through the season 8.Crop management to maximise returns during harvest time. Diunduh dari: http://www.regional.org.au/au/gia/08/259woodrow.htm….. 29/9/2012

32. USING REMOTELY SENSED DATA AND GIS TO IMPROVE FARM PLANNING AND PRODUCTIVITY Darryl Woodrow National GIS Manager, Airesearch Mapping Pty Ltd. 11 Hi-Tech Ct, Technology Park. Eight Mile Plains QLD 4113 Ph. 07 3841 3433 Fax. 07 38413466. dwoodrow@airesearch.com.au The precision farming approach to crop production may be viewed as a four step process. Using data obtained through GIS, GPS and imagery many functions can be planned from the start of the crop. Seeding rates across the field can be varied to allow for better plant growth. Seeding rates and hence yield rates can be maximised according to soil conditions. The application of fertilizers and insecticides can be varied in much the same rate across the field as seeding rates. Harvesting equipment can be equipped with services that measure the yield. Combined with GPS a yield map can be produced to show variations in yield. Diunduh dari: http://www.regional.org.au/au/gia/08/259woodrow.htm….. 29/9/2012 The cyclic nature of the precision farming approach..

33. REMOTE SENSING AND GIS APPLICATIONS FOR AGRICULTURE Rajesh Solomon Paul and K.S. Siva Subramanian Remote Sensing and GIS applications for agriculture can be classified as: 1.Creation of Agricultural Information System, by combining information derived from source satellite images and data collected from other sources 2.Agricultural Information based applications such as, insurance, commercial distribution studies of seeds, pests and fertilizers 3.Agricultural Livelihood or Commercial Enhancement Studies, such as, land development, agricultural risk mitigation studies, watershed management etc Diunduh dari: http://www.gisdevelopment.net/proceedings/mapindia/2006/agriculture/mi06agri_136.htm ….. 29/9/2012

34. REMOTE SENSING AND GIS APPLICATIONS FOR AGRICULTURE Rajesh Solomon Paul and K.S. Siva Subramanian Diunduh dari: http://www.gisdevelopment.net/proceedings/mapindia/2006/agriculture/mi06agri_136.htm ….. 29/9/2012. Application of RS and GIS in agriculture.

35. REMOTE SENSING AND GIS APPLICATIONS FOR AGRICULTURE Rajesh Solomon Paul and K.S. Siva Subramanian Agriculture data for fertilizer distribution companies Different crops and agricultural fields require different types and amount of fertilizer. It is often observed that there is either a shortage or over supply of certain fertilizer in the market. This happens due to lack of information on agricultural fields. Analyzing landuse, land capability, soil characteristics and farmer’s interest one can estimate the fertilizer requirement for a particular area. Diunduh dari: http://www.gisdevelopment.net/proceedings/mapindia/2006/agriculture/mi06agri_136.htm ….. 29/9/2012. GIS analysis for assessment of fertilizer requirement.

36. REMOTE SENSING AND GIS APPLICATIONS FOR AGRICULTURE Rajesh Solomon Paul and K.S. Siva Subramanian SISTEM INFORMASI BERBASIS WEB In order to provide complete information to the farmers, traders and consumers - web GIS* has been effectively used and easily accessed through Internet from any part of the world. This system includes information about the crop varieties, farm management practices, markets, current prices and weather related information amongst others. The concept of e-chaupal of ITC helps farmers to sell their produce directly and thereby fetch good returns. Farmers can send on-line queries related to crops, markets, and crop management practices through various centers. Diunduh dari: http://www.gisdevelopment.net/proceedings/mapindia/2006/agriculture/mi06agri_136.htm ….. 29/9/2012. Components of web-GIS for agriculture.

37. SATELLITES AND MAPS IN AFRICAN AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT Christopher Legg, “Independent Remote Sensing and GIS Consultant” They will be describing the use of GPS technology, satellite-derived public domain data sets and geographic information systems in planning and managing agricultural development projects in Sub- Saharan Africa. Agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa has evolved over centuries to provide food and income for mainly rural populations in a very wide range of environments, from desert to rain forest and from coastal lowlands to plateaux and mountains. Diunduh dari: http://bscia-bsba.org.uk/ai1ec_event/satellites-and-maps-in-african-agricultural- development/?instance_id= ….. 30/9/2012..

38. CROP MONITORING FOR SELENGE BASIN USING RS AND GIS Sh. Munkhtuya 1, B. Oyuntulkhuur 2 1 GIS Specialist, Information and Computer Center 2 GIS Specialist, Land Management Agency Ministry for Nature and Environment of Mongolia Khudaldaany Str – 5, Ulaanbaatar 11, Mongolia. mtuya@yahoo.com Mongolia has very extreme continental and dry windy climate and it locates in high altitude, specially the area 80 percents of the country locates in altitude more than 1000 m above sea level. Mongolian economy and agricultural activities are highly dependent from climate and its change. Approximately 800 thousand hectares of the territory is crop land. In the past, mapping of agricultural land has limited the applications of aerial photographs and field study. The existing agricultural maps made in 1980’s. As an old aerial photographs and maps are unsuitable for updating or preparing new detailed land use maps and they do not satisfy farmers and government requests any more. Mongolian farmers need currents status of crop parcel map and by these reason we try to demonstrate possibility of crop parcel mapping using RS and GIS to decision makers. Diunduh dari: http://www.gisdevelopment.net/application/agriculture/production/agric0009pf.htm ….. 30/9/2012 Satellite remote sensing technique is a powerful tool for agriculture monitoring..

39. . Remote Sensing Applications for Agriculture and Land Use Management and Mapping Posted on September 11, 2011 by Auracle Geospatial Science, Inc. A satellite remote sensing process as applied to agricultural monitoring processes. The sun (A) emits electromagnetic energy (B) to plants (C). A portion of the electromagnetic energy is transmitted through the leaves. The sensor on the satellite detects the reflected energy (D). The data is then transmitted to the ground station (E). The data is analyzed (F) and displayed on field maps (G). Diunduh dari: http://auracle.ca/news/?p=80 ….. 30/9/2012..

40. Sebaran spatial penggunaan lahan di sepanjang Kali Konto, Pujon Diunduh dari: foto: smno-konto-nop2012