1. Model for Beneficiated Coal dr kalyan sen Prof. Emeritus, Bengal Engineering & Science University,Shibpur Director, Central Coalfields Ltd. Former Director, Central Fuel Research Institute and Central Mining Research Instutute, Dhanbad. 9 th International Summit & Expo POWER INDIA 2007 25-27 October 2007 Mumbai, India.

2. Coal Scenario  Likely to treble in the next decade  Largest consumer – Power Utilities  Most of the TPP burn coal without any upgrading  Coal cleaning is one of the important action areas for achieving reduction in CO 2 emission per kWh of electricity produced.

3. Barriers for Coal Beneficiation  Difficult washability characteristics of Indian Coals due to Geological reasons.  Back dated mining and preparation technologies  Uncertainty associated with the economic impact on the down stream processes.

4. Silver Linings  Indian coals contain low Sulphur  Combustibility is good due to Geological reasons  Coal washed up to 55% elementary ash (equivalent to 34% overall ash) has good combustion properties

5. Action Desired  To transform from a qualitative understanding of the effect of coal quality parameters to a quantitative domain  An economic model considering several factors involved throughout the ‘mine- energy’ chain like:- cost of coal, logistics, beneficiation technologies, efficiency improvements & environment benefits cost of coal, logistics, beneficiation technologies, efficiency improvements & environment benefits

6. Models for Beneficiated Coal  Coal Data Base  Simulation of Coal Beneficiation Process  Cost Model

7. Coal Data Base  Full scale size-wise washability data  Fraction-wise chemical, heat value and ash composition data  Prediction of the quality parameters of the cleans  Studies on Combustibility of washed coal and slagging and fouling problems by Drop Tube Furnace tests

8. Options of Beneficiation Process  Destoning followed by whole coal beneficiation  Combination of Dry and Wet schemes  Blending partly washed coal with unwashed lower size fractions  Use of the concept of “limiting elementary ash” to identify the optimum ash content for power generation  Multi-product washing schemes

9. Simulation of Coal Beneficiation Process  Computer simulation of washability data (from module1) and efficiency of washers to identify optimum operation conditions to produce maximum yield at desired quality  Based on the washability potential the best economic option should be chosen

10. Cost Model  Cost and Quantity of raw coal  Transportation costs ( mine to washery and washery to power plant)  Scope and cost of Reject utilization  Savings in GHG generation at different levels of cleaning  Savings due to reduction in maintenance, ash handling, etc.  Savings due to improvement in energy efficiency

11. Conclusions  New coal washeries of total capacity 100mt/yr should be created within a decade. Modules of 2.5, 5 and 10my/yr are techno-economically justified  Regulatory framework should be enforced to fix up the price of washed coal considering cost of production and direct & indirect benefits  Model for Beneficiated Coal should be utilized to help in decision making.

12. THANKS