1. Animal Testing Taemin Ahn, Jonathan Chang, Liam Hardiman, Travis Kim, Aram Nazarian

2. Definition "Use of animals in experiments and development projects usually to determine toxicity, dosing and efficacy of test drugs before proceeding to human clinical trials." http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Animal_testing

3. History Dates back to ancient times o Aristotle did tests on animals o Roman physician Galen dissected goats, pigs 1600's: Animals used to observe blood circulatory system http://www.brighthub.com/science/medical/articles/16237.aspx

4. History Continued Used throughout history for medical research o Guinea pigs used to test tuberculosis vaccine o Rhesus monkeys used to isolate polio o Leprosy treatments developed in armadillos http://www.brighthub.com/science/medical/articles/16237.aspx

5. General Morality Exists for: o scientific advancements o for the better of us o educates us further about the human body o Are these benefits worth it?

6. General Morality testing on animals and taking away their freedom = selfish taking animals freedom of life forgetting about the pain and suffering of the animal

7. Positive Effects While animals in painful experiments do feel pain, it's oftentimes so that scientists can prevent pain from being inflicted upon humans. http://ww.scu.edu/ethics/publications/iie/v1n3/cures.html

8. Positive Effects More specifically, animal testing has played a large role in HIV research, a field that has undoubtedly saved lives. http://www.avert.org/hiv-animal-testing.htm#

9. Positive Effects Researchers say that the use of animal testing was critical in drawing parallels between animal and human responses to the drug http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-2042942/HIV-vaccine-MVA-B-turn- deadly-condition-minor-infection-like-herpes.html

10. Positive Effects Animal testing is used to learn about animal physiology, which helps with conservation efforts http://www.mammalsociety.org/uploads/Sikes%20et%20al%202011.pdf

11. Negative Effects Some would argue that the positive effects of animal experimentation are vastly overstated, and that there is little direct linkage between its use and the destruction of HIV. http://www.avert.org/hiv-animal-testing.htm#

12. Negative Effects contd. PeTA argues that education and healthy practice far outweigh the insubstantial positive effects of animal testing. http://www.peta.org/about/faq/Does-animal-experimentation-save-human- lives.aspx

13. Catholic Viewpoint: God blessed Noah and his sons and said to them: "Be fertile and multiply and fill the earth. Dread fear of you shall come upon

14. Catholic Viewpoint (cont.) all the animals of the earth and all the birds of the air, upon all the creatures that move about on the ground and all

15. Catholic Viewpoint (cont.) the fishes of the sea; into your power they are delivered. Every creature that is alive shall be yours to eat;

16. Catholic Viewpoint I give them all to you as I did the green plants. (Genesis 9:1-3) It is a sin to cause animals to suffer or die needlessly.

17. (2418) "It is contrary to human dignity to cause animals to suffer or die needlessly" ok IF killed with little suffering, and for food/clothing/safety Catholic Viewpoint: Catechism http://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p3s2c2a7.htm

18. Catholic Viewpoint: Catechism (2417) "God entrusted animals to the stewardship of those whom he created in his own image." Hence it is legitimate to use animals for food and clothing. http://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p3s2c2a7.htm

19. Catholic Viewpoint: Catechism (2417) "They may be domesticated to help man in his work and leisure. Medical and scientific experimentation on animals http://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p3s2c2a7.htm

20. Catholic Viewpoint: Catechism (2417) is a morally acceptable practice if it remains within reasonable limits and contributes to caring for or saving human lives. http://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p3s2c2a7.htm

21. Catholic Viewpoint: Catechism if it remains within reasonable limits and contributes to caring for or saving human lives." http://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p3s2c2a7.htm

22. Works Cited http://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p3s2c2a7.htm http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/3782804.pdf http://www.mammalsociety.org/uploads/Sikes%20et%20al%202011.pdf http://speakingofresearch.com/tag/spanish-superior-scientific-research-council/ http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-2042942/HIV-vaccine-MVA-B-turn-deadly-condition-minor-infection-like-herpes.html http://www.irsicaixa.org/en/hivacat-identifies-candidate-hiv-vaccine-and-initiates-animal-experimentation http://www.9news.com/news/article/220063/188/HIV-vaccine-faces-further-animal-testing http://www.brighthub.com/science/medical/articles/16237.aspx http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/wildlife/5373379/Animals-can-tell-right-from-wrong.html http://www.stateuniversity.com/blog/permalink/Animal-Testing-Is-It-Necessary-.html www.veganlondon.co.uk/factsheets/scientific_fraud.pd http://www.mrmcmed.org/crit2.html