1. Homo empathicus: Dissecting the ‘warm glow’ of prosocial behavior 2014 Van der Gaag Symposium 24 June 2014 Introduction1

2. Program 10.30. Welcome 11.00. Marco van Leeuwen: Giving in the Golden Age 11.45. Paul van Lange: Trust: the key to prosocial behavior 12.30. Lunch 13.30. Sara Konrath: Genes, hormones and prosociality 14.15. Joan Grusec: Prosocial behavior from a domains-of- socialization perspective 15.00. Tea/coffee 15.30. Jorg Massen: Evolution of pro-sociality 16.15. Discussion 18.30 Dinner at Restaurant ‘In de Waag’ Introduction2

3. What motivates prosocial behavior? Introduction to the symposium René Bekkers (VU Amsterdam) Introduction3

4. 4 Pure altruismImpure altruism

5. Introduction5

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8. Wall Street is an early example of Dutch philanthropy Introduction8

9. “Stuyvesant called upon the 43 richest residents of New Amsterdam to provide funding to fix up the ailing Fort Amsterdam and to construct a stockade across the island to prevent attacks from the north, while it took New Amsterdam's most oppressed inhabitants -- slave labor from the Dutch West India Company -- to actually build the wall.” Russell Shorto – The Island at the Center of the World Introduction9

10. The Rijksmuseum (1885) Introduction10

11. The concert hall (1886) Introduction11

12. Prosocial behavior Formal: philanthropy MoneyTime Informal: helping Social support Care Introduction12

13. Charity Introduction13

14. φιλανθρωπια Introduction14

15. Too many research questions Which elements make people glow warmer when they give? Which of these ingredients burns up fastest? Where does the ‘joy of giving’ come from? How are different motivations connected to different sorts of prosocial behavior? How are motivations for prosocial behavior contingent upon historical events? What do empirical regularities in current manifestations of prosocial behavior among humans and other species tell us about the evolutionary origins of prosociality? What implications do various motivations have for public policy and the production and organization of public goods in practice? Introduction15

16. What is the ‘Warm Glow’? Introduction16

17. Why do people give? People give more (often) when 1.There is a clear needneed 2.They are being askedsolicitation 3.Costs are lower, and benefits are highercosts/benefits 4.They care about the recipients altruism 5.They receive social benefitsreputation 6.They receive psychological benefitsself-rewards 7.The cause matches their values values 8.Donations are perceived to be efficientefficacy Source: Bekkers, R. & Wiepking, P. (2011). ‘A Literature Review of Empirical Studies of Philanthropy: Eight Mechanisms that Drive Charitable Giving’. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 40(5): 924-973. Available at www.understandingphilanthropy.comwww.understandingphilanthropy.com 17Introduction

18. Why do people give? People give more (often) when 1.There is a clear needneed 2.They are being askedsolicitation 3.Costs are lower, benefits are highercosts/benefits 4.They care about the recipients altruism 5.They receive social benefitsreputation 6.They receive psychological benefitsself-rewards 7.The cause matches their values values 8.Donations are perceived as efficientefficacy AND HERE HERE IS THE WARM GLOW 18Introduction

19. Attention to altruism Introduction19 Mechanisms studied in articles covered by the 2011 literature review of philanthropy

20. Attention to altruism Introduction20 Number of articles relative to total per decade

21. 21 Who’s watching? Introduction Choices of 302 high school students participating in a dictator game with charities as recipients in a nationwide survey experiment (Spring 2009)

22. The power of suggestion Amounts donated by 6,672 Utrecht University alumni in April-May 2008 22Introduction

23. A price is not a price Proportion of reward donated in a dictator game with charities as recipients by 518 GINPS04 respondents (Source: Bekkers, 2006) +46% +90% Introduction23

24. The remaining program 11.00. Marco van Leeuwen: Giving in the Golden Age 11.45. Paul van Lange: Trust: the key to prosocial behavior 12.30. Lunch 13.30. Sara Konrath: Genes, hormones and prosociality 14.15. Joan Grusec: Prosocial behavior from a domains-of- socialization perspective 15.00. Tea/coffee 15.30. Jorg Massen: Evolution of pro-sociality 16.15. Discussion 18.30 Dinner at Restaurant ‘In de Waag’ Introduction24

25. Group discussion How do you see the field of research on prosocial behavior in other disciplines? What do you take home from today? Introduction25

26. Distinctions we have heard One concept: prosocial Two altruism parameters, pure and impure Three groups of determinants (11 in total) The four Why’s (Tinbergen) Five domains of socialization Eight mechanisms in giving Introduction26

27. Too many research questions  Which elements make people glow warmer when they give?  Which of these ingredients burns up fastest?  Where does the ‘joy of giving’ come from?  How are different motivations connected to different sorts of prosocial behavior? Introduction27

28. Too many research questions  How are motivations for prosocial behavior contingent upon historical events?  What do empirical regularities in current manifestations of prosocial behavior among humans and other species tell us about the evolutionary origins of prosociality?  What implications do various motivations have for public policy and the production and organization of public goods in practice? Introduction28