1. Faktor Pendorong Bisnis Internasional ©2004 Prentice Hall1-1

2. Pengertian Perdagangan Internasional (bisnis internasional) Barang / Jasa / Capital Negara A Negara B Barang / Jasa / Capital Batas Wilayah Pabean

3. Alasan dilakukannya International Trade Disparitas Harga Supply-demand Laws Selera Perbedaan Sumber Daya

4. Komponen yang terlibat  Lebih dari satu negara –Pemerintah –Swasta –Rumah tangga  Organisasi Perdagangan Internasional

5. 1-5 How Does International Business Differ from Domestic?  Currency conversion  Legal systems  Culture  Availability of resources

6. 1-6 Why Study International Business?  Large organizations  Foreign-owned subsidiaries  Small businesses  Competitors  Business techniques and tools  Cultural literacy

7. 1-7 International Business Activities  Exporting and Importing  International Investments  Licensing, Franchising, and Management Contracts

8. 1-8 Exporting and Importing  Exporting: selling of products made in one’s own country for use or resale in other countries  Importing: buying of products made in other countries for use or resale in one’s own country

9. 1-9  53% of Boeing’s aircraft sales are to foreign airlines Perlu diketahui

10. 1-10 Visible and Invisible Trade  Trade in Goods –Merchandise exports and imports –Visible trade  Trade in Services –Service exports and imports –Invisible trade

11. 1-11 International Investments  Capital supplied by residents of one country to residents of another  2 categories: –Foreign direct investments –Portfolio investments

12. 1-12 Other Forms of International Business Activity  Licensing: firm in one country licenses the use of its intellectual property to a firm in a second country in return for a royalty payment  Franchising: firm in one country authorizes a firm in another country to utilize its operating system and intellectual property

13. 1-13 Management Contracts  A firm in one country agrees to operate facilities or provide other management services to a firm in another country for an agreed-upon fee  Common in upper-end international hotel industry

14. 1-14 This Beijing restaurant is one of 430 that McDonald’s has built in China

15. 1-15 Table 1.1 The World’s Largest Corporations – 2002 RankNameCountryRevenues $Mil 1Wal-Mart StoresU.S.246,525 2General MotorsU.S.186,763 3Exxon MobilU.S.182,466 4Royal Dutch/ShellNetherlands179,431 5BPBritain178,721 6Ford MotorU.S.163,871 7DaimlerChryslerGermany141,421 8Toyota MotorJapan131,754 9General ElectricU.S.131,698 10MitsubishiJapan109,386

16. C1-16 Sources of International Commodity Trade Data  Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) –Commodity Trade Statistics –Main Economic Indicators  U.S. Census Bureau report of exports and imports –United States Commodity Imports and Exports as Related to Output

17. Supply Curves of Wheat and Textiles Under Constant Cost Conditions FIGURE 2.1 C1-17

18. C1-18 Comparative Opportunity Cost  Who Exports What? –Necessary to measure joint productivity of all factors (in monetary value). –Unit production cost = aggregate resources used in production of one output unit  Limits to Mutually Beneficial Exchange

19. Region of Mutually Beneficial Trade FIGURE 2.2 C1-19

20. C1-20 Dynamic Gains from International Trade  Static effects—reallocation of resources  Dynamic benefits—additional resources available  Higher income from more efficient use of resources  Increased savings, more resources available for investment  Technological spillover  Increased size of national market  Economies of scale and benefits to economy at large –Competitive pressure on prices –Product improvement –Technological advancement –Increased labor pool –Infrastructure development –Inflation dampening

21. Tugas Mandiri  Identifikasi Kegiatan International Trade  Isu-isu yang sedang terjadi saat ini