1. © CSE and ASE 2011 This page may have been changed from the original New antibiotics Presents an AQA Application beta version 1 Title slide

2. 2 © Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011 ELICITSTARTER 2 Objectives ● Find out how harmful bacteria form antibiotic-resistant strains. ● Discover why resistant strains spread rapidly. ● Draw conclusions from evidence about new ways of treating infections. objectives 2 © Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011 Objectives Tips: Use PowerPoint’s ‘Outline’ tab for the lesson stages Fonts not correct? See technical notes (slide 18)

3. 3 © Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011 3 Parliament, Health Questions Starter 1 ’’ Last Monday, Jim Beggs had a routine knee operation. In hospital, MRSA infected his wound. Ten days later, the 46-year-old dad was dead.

4. 4 © Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011 Superbug MRSA killed 62 more hospital patients last week. We are running out of antibiotics that work. What does the Health Minister plan to do? 4 © Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011 Parliament, Health Questions Starter 1

5. 5 © Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011 ● what are drug-resistant bacteria? ● how do they develop? ● why do they spread so fast? 5 The minister is in trouble Prepare a briefing to help me answer the MP. © Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011 more science Main 1 task SS1 – 2

6. 6 © Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011 6 In the ministerial limousine Let’s hear your briefing. © Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011 Plenary 1

7. 7 © Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011 7 Scientists are testing new weapons against superbugs. antibiotic labs ELICITSTARTER cockroach brains silver nanoparticles honey Is there enough evidence to show that they work? Main 2 task SS3 – 6 Are any worth funding?

8. © CSE and ASE 2011 NO support Is there any evidence to support the claim*? Explain HOW WELL the evidence supports the claim* overall. Explain why the evidence opposes the claim* or is irrelevant. Suggest a test to make the claim stronger. Describe the results you expect if the claim* is correct. Does each piece of evidence support the claim*? CHECK EVIDENCE SUMMARISE Say the claim* could be wrong. Suggest a claim that fits the evidence better. A LITTLE support Yes A LOT of support Yes No More than 1 piece of evidence1 piece of evidence NEXT STEPS * or hypothesis use the lIFELINE how it works Main 2 lifeline

9. 9 © Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011 Bacteria TypePercentage of bacteria killed after incubating for 24 hours at 37 ºC Resistant Escherichia coli 99.6 Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa 99.7 Resistant Staphylococcus aureus 97.6 Hypothesis Locust brain juice could cut MRSA in humans because it contains substances that kill bacteria. How confident are you that the hypothesis is correct? Use the lifeline to decide. Locust example © Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011 Locust example

10. 10 © Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011 STOP HERE The end The following slides give detailed information linked from the main tasks.

11. 11 © Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011 11 MRSA bacteria are harmless on your skin. More science 1 11 © Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

12. 12 © Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011 12 But MRSA bacteria can cause fatal infections if they get in through a cut. More science 2

13. 13 © Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011 13 More science 3 We can fight most bacteria with antibiotics. 13 © Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

14. 14 © Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011 Bacteria can change because their genes mutate. genetic material More science 4 Most mutations aren’t useful to bacteria, but occasionally mutations make bacteria resist antibiotics.

15. 15 © Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011 The mutated bacteria are not destroyed by antibiotics. They survive and reproduce quickly. More science 5 This is natural selection.

16. 16 © Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011 Whenever we use new antibiotics, resistant strains develop. More science 6 We’re running out of ideas! Antibiotics don’t affect MRSA. It’s resistant. 16 © Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

17. 17 © Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011 Hari has an ear infection. An antibiotic kills almost all the bacteria. Hari stops taking the antibiotic. A tiny fraction of the bacteria have a natural resistance to the antibiotic. They do not die. These bacteria reproduce. So the population of the resistant strain of bacteria increases. More science 7

18. technical notes Technical note ● we ‘embedded’ two fonts to make the design work (it’s why the file is big) Titles should look like this Body text should look like this ● if they don’t appear correctly, you can download and install the fonts in 2 minutes: Download title font (dirt2stickler) from www.dafont.com/dirt2-stickler.fontwww.dafont.com/dirt2-stickler.font Download text font (Am. typewriter) from www.jabroo.com/index/search/q/american+typewriter Note: Click ‘Register’www.jabroo.com/index/search/q/american+typewriter at top, complete the form and you’ll be taken to the download page

19. PictureSlide Credit © Centre for Science Education & Association for Science Education 2011. The license for this material includes downloading and using it within the institution. For any other usage, permission must be obtained from upd8. Contact upd8@ase.org.uk upd8 is not responsible for any revision that may be made to the material after it has been downloaded. Gary Talbot, Writer Philippa Hulme, Editor Tony Sherborne, Executive editor Picture credits 19 Credits Infected wound3Wikimedia Commons Bacteria in mouth13Wikimedia Commons 19