2. What is “R.E.S.O.L.V.E.?” Help Quit Computer Programming Concepts Practice Intro

3. Home About this tutorial… Back Intro Home What is R.E.S.O.L.V.E.?What is R.E.S.O.L.V.E.?  What is Computer Programming? What is Computer Programming?  What are “Programming Concepts?” What are “Programming Concepts?”  What can you “Practice?” What can you “Practice?”  What kind of ‘Help’ is available? What kind of ‘Help’ is available? What is “R.E.S.O.L.V.E.?” HelpQuit Computer Programming Concepts Practice Next

4.  About this tutorial… Back Next This tutorial helps you use theR.E.S.O.L.V.E. Problem Solving Model to program the MicroWorlds turtle through: Ideas & Tips Strategies Practice problems Resources Intro Home What is “R.E.S.O.L.V.E.?” HelpQuit Computer Programming Concepts Practice

5. Home Back Next What is “R.E.S.O.L.V.E.?” Home Intro “You can never solve a problem on the level on which it was created. Albert Einstein A Problem Solving Model that uses a wide selection of strategies Based on studies about how people solve problems best… With a Main Focus: -> Become an independent problem solver! -> Learn from watching an expert think… R.E.S.O.L.V.E. is…. HelpQuit Computer Programming Concepts Practice - 1 -

6. Back Next Means to …. "I must do something" always solves more problems than "Something must be done.” Unknown Author R – Research / Reflect E – Evaluate S - summarize/significantly broaden O - options (utilize) L - limit possibilities V - Vocabulary E - expert / explore Home What is “R.E.S.O.L.V.E.?” Intro HelpQuit Computer Programming Concepts Practice - 2 -

7. Back Next - L - How do I… “ “Don't dwell on what went wrong. Instead, focus on what to do next. Spend your energies on moving forward toward finding the answer.” Denis Waitley Research computer error message Reflect: what’s working? Not working? Why - or why not? Evaluate your code by comparing it to a sample Summarize the rule that seems to apply; apply again in another example Options? Look at other resources for clues, examples, explanations… Limit the number of possible solutions to the one that best fits what you are trying to do Vocabulary! Look up the command name; How is it written? Spelled? Need Punctuation? Talk to/watch an EXPERT. How do they think when solving similar problems? Explore creative ways to program - E - - R - - S - - V - - O - - E - Click here to Practice using R.E.S.O.L.V.E. Home What is “R.E.S.O.L.V.E.?” Intro HelpQuit Computer Programming Concepts Practice - 3 -

8. Home Back Next Computer Programming Home What is “R.E.S.O.L.V.E.?” Computer Programming: “A set of coded instructions that enables a computer to perform a desired sequence of operations” We communicate to exchange information: The language we use is determined by –Who- or –What- we’re talking to… If we use different languages… Or don’t speak clearly--- We won’t be able to understand each other… - 1 - Intro HelpQuit Programming Concepts Practice

9. Home Back Next Home Computers speak a special language - called BINARY CODE Electronic impulses within the computer’s hardware register as “1’s” and “0’s” They turn ON and OFF in patterns and sequences that communicate an action. The computer then performs that action. If we were to give the computer instructions in ‘binary code’ it would take a LONG time to get any computer work done… - 2 - Computer Programming What is “R.E.S.O.L.V.E.?” Intro HelpQuit Programming Concepts Practice

10. Home Back Next Home Computer programmers use a special computer language to communicate with computers… - 3 - That language is translated into BINARY CODE so that the computer can understand what to do… Computer Programming What is “R.E.S.O.L.V.E.?” Intro HelpQuit Programming Concepts Practice

11. Home Back Next Home The computer programmer MUST write the code correctly – or there is NO communication! - 4 - (‘LOGO’ written backwards!) Uh …??? Okay – what do we know? Using the correct language allows us to communicate so that we understand each other Writing a computer programming language correctly helps the computer understand what we need it to do! Computer Programming What is “R.E.S.O.L.V.E.?” Intro HelpQuit Programming Concepts Practice

12. Home Back Next Home Writing Commands = code + syntax Sequencing Commands & Procedures Writing Procedures Conditional and Control Statements Error Messages Computer Programming What is “R.E.S.O.L.V.E.?” Intro HelpQuit Programming Concepts Practice

13. Back Next Writing commands–Part 1 LOGO commands have certain rules: Follow correct formatting--> Command _ space _ input (ex: setc 9) Watch your spelling (ex: ‘carefully’ ) Make sure you use the correct punctuation (ex: ‘newturtle’ required “ in front of the turtle’s name) Make sure you use the inputs that are allowed (ex: setpensize can only go up to a certain number. Can you experiment and figure out which rules are being used in the “cleanup” procedure? Home Computer Programming What is “R.E.S.O.L.V.E.?” Intro HelpQuit Programming Concepts Practice

14. Back Next Writing commands–Part 2 Writing commands CORRECTLY also means that you understand what they do: Example #1: Random selects from a range of actions. You must FIRST give it the action! (ex: ‘fd random 30’ vs. ‘random 30’) Example #2: There are only 139 colors (with ‘0’ being white). If you go BEYOND 139 MicroWorlds begins again at ‘0’ (ex: setc 145 is the same as setc 6) Now how did I figure that out? Home Computer Programming What is “R.E.S.O.L.V.E.?” Intro HelpQuit Programming Concepts Practice

15. Back Next Writing Procedures-Part 1 PROCEDURES follow five main rules: Always begin with the word “to” Always end with the word “end” Don’t use command words as procedure names Name of a procedure should be ONE word with no spaces Procedure names should be logical – you should know what’s going to happen by it’s name How many procedures are there in this example? Do they follow all the rules? Why? Or why not? Home Computer Programming What is “R.E.S.O.L.V.E.?” Intro HelpQuit Programming Concepts Practice

16. Back Next Writing Procedures-Part 2 PROCEDURES can be sequenced within other procedures. EX: “many_weird” is a procedure that makes 50 ‘make.design’ procedures A procedure made up ONLY of other procedures is called a SUPERPROCEDURE EX: It contains no commands, only other procedures Could you use these commands to create your own ‘SUPERPROCEDURE?’ Home Computer Programming What is “R.E.S.O.L.V.E.?” Intro HelpQuit Programming Concepts Practice

17. Back Next Sequencing Commands and Procedures There are 3 boat sub-procedures in this program: Set_boat Boat_go Boat_float * Boater is a SUPER-PROCEDURE that runs the three sub procedures one at a time – Automatically! The order in which the commands are listed determines the order in which the action occurs! Is the order of procedures in a SUPER-PROCEDURE also important? Why? Or Why Not? Home Computer Programming What is “R.E.S.O.L.V.E.?” Intro HelpQuit Programming Concepts Practice

18. Back Next Sequencing Commands and Procedures The boat in this example appears to be rowing up into the trees! Look at the SUPER-PROCEDURE -> “Boater” * Which sub procedure is missing from before? RIGHT! “Set_boat” is not included in the “Super” Without it in the sequence the boat can’t:  turn in a 110 0 angle  Pick up it’s pen (see the black line?)  Set it’s X and Y coordinate position on the screen. No wonder it’s floating in mid-air! Home Computer Programming What is “R.E.S.O.L.V.E.?” Intro HelpQuit Programming Concepts Practice

19. Back Next Conditional/Control Statements Home The “Question” command needs a partner “Answer” The “QUESTION” is within brackets QUESTION brings up a box that waits for the user’s response ANSWER checks to see if the user’s response matches the choices offered Computer Programming What is “R.E.S.O.L.V.E.?” Intro HelpQuit Programming Concepts Practice - 1 -

20. Back Next Conditional/Control Statements Home If more than one ANSWER option is provided: The computer checks them in the order that they are listed In this example, ANSWER won’t find “frog” because the user chose to answer “whale” Computer Programming What is “R.E.S.O.L.V.E.?” Intro HelpQuit Programming Concepts Practice - 2 -

21. Back Next Conditional/Control Statements Home Hmm …”forg?” In this example the user’s response has to look EXACTLY like the answer statement. It checks for “frog” - not found! It checks for “whale” - not found! Moving down the line, the program runs the NEXT line of code which is the “ask_again” procedure “ASK_AGAIN” makes a statement; then runs the “water_animals” procedure again. Computer Programming What is “R.E.S.O.L.V.E.?” Intro HelpQuit Programming Concepts Practice - 3 -

22. Back Next Common Error Messages “I don’t know how to ‘to’…” Procedure missing “to” or “end” error “ ‘wait’ needs more inputs…” Needs more input error “I don’t know how to ‘repaet’” Spelling errors “I don’t know how to ‘fd10’” Missing space error “answer = “NervousRex is not true or false in joke” Syntax error (code written improperly) (click on an error message for more information!) Home Computer Programming What is “R.E.S.O.L.V.E.?” Intro HelpQuit Programming Concepts Practice

23. Back Next Common Error Messages Procedure missing “to” or “end” error EVERY procedure needs two things: Start with the word “to” End with the word “end” The “make_triangle” procedure is missing one of these. The logo turtle can’t start the “make_square” procedure without it. Can you guess which it is? Home Computer Programming What is “R.E.S.O.L.V.E.?” Intro HelpQuit Programming Concepts Practice

24. Back Next Common Error Messages Spelling Errors Computers programming languages only know what you SAY, not what you ‘mean!’ Microworlds need you to speak its language – It can’t spell check It can’t figure out what you mean Spelling errors one of the most common programming code errors! Can you figure out which word is misspelled? Home Computer Programming What is “R.E.S.O.L.V.E.?” Intro HelpQuit Programming Concepts Practice

25. Back Next Common Error Messages Needs more input error Writing commands takes on a certain rhythm. In this case it’s COMMAND _ space _ INPUT Write the command Press the spacebar Tell the computer how MUCH “Wait” is looking for the amount of time you want the turtle to wait. You need a number! HINT: every number is 1/10 of a second: “Wait 10” will cause the action to wait one second. Home Computer Programming What is “R.E.S.O.L.V.E.?” Intro HelpQuit Programming Concepts Practice

26. Back Next Common Error Messages Missing space error The writer of this code has lost their rhythm! The sequence is: Command _ SPACE _ Input Write the command PRESS THE SPACEBAR Tell the computer ‘how much’ (ex: setc 32) Hmm…!!! One of the commands in this procedure is missing it’s –SPACE- Can you guess which it is? Home Computer Programming What is “R.E.S.O.L.V.E.?” Intro HelpQuit Programming Concepts Practice

27. Back Next Common Error Messages Syntax error (code written improperly) The Question/Answer sequence requires very specific characters. Brackets around the question [] Parentheses around (answer = ) Brackets around what happens if the user provides the answer listed [] This “question” or “answer” command is using the wrong symbols. Can you guess which one it is? Home Computer Programming What is “R.E.S.O.L.V.E.?” Intro HelpQuit Programming Concepts Practice

28. Home Back Next Home Conditional & Control Statements If (answer = “yes” [CorrectAnswer stop] Writing commands setc 1 + random 139 Writing Procedures… To square Repeat 4[fd 100 rt 90] end (Expert: “Hmm…why did that happen? What if I…”) Using “R.E.S.O.L.V.EUsing “R.E.S.O.L.V.E.” Computer Programming What is “R.E.S.O.L.V.E.?” Intro HelpQuit Programming Concepts Practice

29. The “joke” procedure on the right is FULL of errors! (can you see them? There are “6” in all…) Let’s see how using the R.E.S.O.L.V.E. Problem Solving Model can help us find them – fix them – and allow us to run this procedure error-free! Click on the “NEXT” button below to begin…“NEXT” Back Next Using “R.E.S.O.L.V.E.” Home Computer Programming What is “R.E.S.O.L.V.E.?” Intro HelpQuit Programming Concepts Practice - Intro One -

30. Back Next Using “R.E.S.O.L.V.E.” Home Computer Programming What is “R.E.S.O.L.V.E.?” Intro HelpQuit Programming Concepts Practice YOU WILL SEE an error message in the command center that appears when the procedure is run. Each letter of R.E.S.O.L.V.E. will present a strategy to help solve the error. Look closely! The strategy will appear only briefly, then disappear! Can you use one of the R.E.S.O.L.V.E. strategies to solve the problem? Error message here !?! - Intro Two -

31. Back Next Writing Commands Home Computer Programming What is “R.E.S.O.L.V.E.?” Intro HelpQuit Programming Concepts Practice Reflect: Where does the error occur? What does it mean? Research “I don’t know how to” errors in repeat commands. Evaluate: How is this “repeat50” command written differently or the same compared to other “repeat” commands that work - without errors?. Summarize: What IS working? What isn’t? What do you know about how to write “repeat” statements? Options: What resources are available to you to help with this error? Samples? Worksheets? Tutorials? Peers? An Expert? Limit: Narrow your focus – The error is somewhere in the “repeat50” section of the code. Stay focused on that part. Error message below! (watch carefully for each R.E.S.O.L.V.E. strategy!) Click “Next” to continue… Vocabulary: Check the vocabulary menu or the manual for help with how to write a “repeat” command Evaluate: What did you try? Did it work? Why? Why not? Expert: Watch an expert try to solve this problem. What process do they use to pinpoint the cause and finding a solution? - 1 - “PRESS THE SPACEBAR” to see each strategy!

32. Back Next Writing Commands Home Computer Programming What is “R.E.S.O.L.V.E.?” Intro HelpQuit Programming Concepts Practice The “EVALUATE” strategy would help you to compare the format for writing this “repeat” command to others that have NO errors. How does the format for writing this “repeat” command compare to other examples? (See the solution above!!)! * SOLUTION: The “repeat” command is missing a space before the 50 input. Ex: Repeat 50 Click “Next” to continue… Evaluate: How is this “repeat50” command written differently or the same compared to other “repeat” commands that work - without errors?. - 2 - ( PRESS SPACEBAR for the solution!)

33. Back Next Writing Commands Home Computer Programming What is “R.E.S.O.L.V.E.?” Intro HelpQuit Programming Concepts Practice Reflect: Where does the error occur? What does it mean? Research “I don’t know how to” errors in “radom” commands. Evaluate: How is this “radom” command written differently or the same compared to other “radom” commands that work - without errors?. Summarize: What IS working? What isn’t? There are many “random” commands in change… Options: What resources are available to you to help with this error? Samples? Worksheets? Tutorials? Peers? An Expert? Limit: Narrow your focus – Which “random” command is causing the error? Focus on just that one –find it! Error message below! (watch carefully for each R.E.S.O.L.V.E. strategy!) Click “Next” to continue… Evaluate: What did you try? Did it work? Why? Why not? Expert: Watch an expert try to solve this problem. What process do they use to pinpoint the cause and finding a solution? Vocabulary: Check the vocabulary menu or the manual for help with how to write a “random” command - 3 - “PRESS THE SPACEBAR” to see each strategy!

34. Back Next Home Computer Programming What is “R.E.S.O.L.V.E.?” Intro HelpQuit Programming Concepts Practice The “OPTIONS” strategy would help you to understand the “radom” error: Other worksheets using the same command show a different spelling. Your friend’s command is working – it’s spelled differently than yours How DO we write random commands? ( See the solution above!!) * SOLUTION: The “radom” command is spelled incorrectly: Ex: random 139 Click “Next” to continue… Options: What resources are available to you to help with this error? Samples? Worksheets? Tutorials? Peers? An Expert? Writing Commands - 4 - ( PRESS SPACEBAR for the solution!)

35. Back Next Writing Procedures Home Computer Programming What is “R.E.S.O.L.V.E.?” Intro HelpQuit Programming Concepts Practice Reflect: where does the error occur? Why does it mention “Correct?” Research “I don’t know how to” errors when trying to test a procedure Evaluate: How is this procedure written differently or the same compared to other examples that work - without errors?. Summarize: What IS working? What isn’t? What do you know about what makes a procedure work ? Options: What resources are available to you to help with this error? Samples? Worksheets? Tutorials? Peers? An Expert? Limit: Narrow your focus – The error comes before “dude” since ‘dude’ can’t isn’t recognized. What comes before? Error message below! (watch carefully for each R.E.S.O.L.V.E. strategy!) Click “Next” to continue… Vocabulary: Check the vocabulary menu or the manual for help with how to write procedures. What do they need to start? To finish Evaluate: What did you try? Did it work? Why? Why not? Expert: Watch an expert try to solve this problem. What process do they use to pinpoint the cause and find a solution? - 1 - “PRESS THE SPACEBAR” to see each strategy!

36. Back Next Writing Procedures Home Computer Programming What is “R.E.S.O.L.V.E.?” Intro HelpQuit Programming Concepts Practice The “VOCABULARY” strategy would help remind you how to write procedures: Every procedure starts with the word “ to” “to” signals the computer to begin executing the comands Every procedure ends with the word “end” “end” tels the computer to stop executing commands for that sequence What is this procedure missing? ( see solution above! ) * SOLUTION: The “correct” procedure is missing an “end” The procedure below – “dude” – can’t start until “correct” is closed off with the ‘end’ command… Click “Next” to continue… Vocabulary: Check the vocabulary menu or the manual for help with how to write procedures. What do they need to start? To finish? - 2 - ( PRESS SPACEBAR for the solution!)

37. Back Next Writing Procedures Home Computer Programming What is “R.E.S.O.L.V.E.?” Intro HelpQuit Programming Concepts Practice Reflect: Where does the error occur? What does it mean? Research “I don’t know how to” errors in procedure names. Evaluate: How is this “change” procedure written differently or the same compared to other procedure names that work - without errors?. Summarize: What IS working? Why? Why not? What isn’t working? Why? Why not? Options: What resources are available to you to help with this error? Samples? Worksheets? Tutorials? Peers? An Expert? Limit: Narrow your focus – What about “change” could be causing the error? Focus on this part - Error message below! (watch carefully for each R.E.S.O.L.V.E. strategy!) Click “Next” to continue… Vocabulary: Check the vocabulary menu or the manual for help with how to write procedures (“change” is a procedure) Evaluate: What did you try? Did it work? Why? Why not? Expert: Watch an expert try to solve this problem. What process do they use to pinpoint the cause and finding a solution? - 3 - “PRESS THE SPACEBAR” to see each strategy!

38. Back Next Home Computer Programming What is “R.E.S.O.L.V.E.?” Intro HelpQuit Programming Concepts Practice The “LIMIT” strategy would help you to understand the “change” error: The error name “change” as the problem “Change” is a procedure name Procedures start and stop in a special way How DO we write procedure names? ( see solution above! ) * SOLUTION: The “change” procedure is missing a “to” command: Ex: to change Click “Next” to continue… Writing Procedures Limit: Narrow your focus – What about “change” could be causing the error? Focus on this part - - 4 - ( PRESS SPACEBAR for the solution!)

39. Back Next Conditional / Control Statements Home Computer Programming What is “R.E.S.O.L.V.E.?” Intro HelpQuit Programming Concepts Practice Reflect: where does the error occur? After what other command? Research “I don’t know how to” errors in If/answer statements. Evaluate: How is this “if/answer statement” written differently or the same compared to other examples that work - without errors?. Summarize: What IS working? What isn’t? What do you know about how to write if/answer statements? Options: What resources are available to you to help with this error? Samples? Worksheets? Tutorials? Peers? An Expert? Limit: Narrow your focus – The error is somewhere in the “cornbread” section of the code. Check what comes before. Error message below! (watch carefully for each R.E.S.O.L.V.E. strategy!) Click “Next” to continue… - 1 - “PRESS THE SPACEBAR” to see each strategy! Vocabulary: Check the vocabulary menu or the manual for help with how to write an “if/answer” statement Evaluate: What did you try? Did it work? Why? Why not? Expert: Watch an expert try to solve this problem. What process do they use to pinpoint the cause and finding a solution?

40. Back Next Home Computer Programming What is “R.E.S.O.L.V.E.?” Intro HelpQuit Programming Concepts Practice Summarize: What IS working? What isn’t? What do you know about how to write if/answer statements? The “SUMMARIZE” strategy would help you to know what’s working: The “joke” procedure starts okay The ‘Question’ comes up with no problem The problem appears to be in the “if/answer” statement How DO we write if/answer statements? ( see solution above! ) * SOLUTION: There should be an “ before the answer choice: Ex: if (answer = “cornbread) Click “Next” to continue… Conditional / Control Statements - 2 - ( PRESS SPACEBAR for the solution!)

41. Back Next It’s Purr….fect! Home Computer Programming What is “R.E.S.O.L.V.E.?” Intro HelpQuit Programming Concepts Practice Expert: The “joke” procedure after an EXPERT applies the R.E.S.O.L.V.E. Problem Solving strategies Extend: Be creative! What would be your version of the “Joke” project?

42.  Help me use this tutorial…  How can R.E.S.O.L.V.E. help me learn more about using MicroWorlds?  Help me understand commands and procedures…  Help me with “Conditional” and “Control” statements…  Help me “PRACTICE” computer programming… Home Back Next Home Computer Programming What is “R.E.S.O.L.V.E.?” Intro Help Quit Programming Concepts Practice

43. You’ve chosen to quit the tutorial: Back See you again soon! Home Computer Programming What is “R.E.S.O.L.V.E.?” Intro Help Quit Programming Concepts Practice Click on the menu buttons to review any topic again…