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Fire & Explosion Risk Assessment
Roslinormansyah EHS Manager PT. Alstom Power ESI
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Outline of Lecture Understanding Fire and Explosion
Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazard Selection safeguard for Fire and Explosion’ s Risk Control
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Understanding Fire and Explosion
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Understanding Fire and Explosion
History of Fire and Explosion Incident Carbide Industries, Fire & Explosion March , 2011
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Understanding Fire and Explosion
History of Fire and Explosion Incident Kleen Energy, Explosion June, 2009
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(source : Guidelines CPQRA, AIChE, 2000)
Understanding Fire and Explosion Definition Fire : A slow combustion that significant without overpressure Explosion : A release of energy that causes a blast Flammability Limit : The minimum (lower,LFL) and maximum concentration of combustible vapor in air that will propagate a flame (source : Guidelines CPQRA, AIChE, 2000)
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Understanding Fire and Explosion
Basic Philosophy
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Flammability Limits range
Understanding Fire and Explosion Philosophy of FERA Objective of FERA Flammability Limits range
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Understanding Fire and Explosion
Flammability Limits (FL) Flammability Limits (FL) = ƒ (suhu, tekanan, inert gas)
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Understanding Fire and Explosion
Philosophy of Combustion Combusation = ƒ (FL, Minimum Ignition Energy (MIE), Surface Area)
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Understanding Fire and Explosion
Fire occurance step Jet Fire Flash Fire Pool Fire Fireball
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Understanding Fire and Explosion
Explosion occurance step Explosion Physical Explosion Chemical Explosion Overpressure BLEVE - Fireball RPT UVCE/CVE Runway reaction
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Understanding Fire and Explosion
Physical Properties Key Factor of Flammable Boiling Point Vapor Pressure Flash Point Autoignition Enthalphy of Combustion (ΔHc) MIE Density Conductivity of material Size of material
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Understanding Fire and Explosion
Environmental Properties Key Factor of Fire /Explosion Operational Parameter (Pressure, Flowrate, Temp, etc) Lay-out of unit process/equipment Installation (congested, confined, etc) Source of heat (open fire, conductive heat, static electric, etc) Meteorogical condition (Wind speed, direction, etc) Leakage dimension (bore, rupture, hole, etc)
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Understanding Fire and Explosion
Impact of Fire & Explosion Breakage the molecular bond Heat Flux / Heat Radition Poisonous Gas Blast Wave/Shock Wave Debris trajectory/projectile
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Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazard
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Overall Risk Assessment Process
Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards Overall Risk Assessment Process
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Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
Detail Risk Assessment Process
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Potential Accident Scenario
Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards Step 1 – Describe system and identify hazards Scenario Development Screening Method Credible Scenario Potential Accident Scenario
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Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
Step 1 – Describe system and identify hazards Scenario Development – Merupakan “critical step” dalam FERA Key word : Loss of Containment Tool yang umum dipergunakan What-If HAZOPs FMEA Incident Analysis Tie-Bow Analysis
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Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
Step 1 – Describe system and identify hazards Screening Method – Mencari scenario yang memiliki tingkat “rangking/index” yang besar Umumnya berbagai scenario tersebut dibandingkan Metode yang umumnya dipergunakan : Kualitatif : Risk Rating, Expert Adviser Semi-kuantitatif : TNO-Purple Book Method, DFEI, DCEI AHP (expert judgement), SWeHI, MaxCred Method
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Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
Step 1 – Describe system and identify hazards Credible Scenario Merupakan scenario yang akan dianalisis lebih lanjut tingkat “consequences” dan “probability”-nya Merupakan model yang memiliki tingkat “kemiripan” yang tinggi bila terjadi accident Tidak menggambarkan secara keseluruhan (each system has particular credible scenario)
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Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
Step 2 – Determination of frequency and consequences Frequency Menggambarkan tingkat “failure” setiap peralatan yang terlibat dalam Credible Scenario Memiliki satuan (……../waktu)
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Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
Step 2 – Determination of frequency and consequences Frequency Fault Tree Analysis
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Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
Frequency Event Tree Analysis
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Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
Frequency
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Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
Consequences
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Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
Consequences
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Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
Consequences Impact Calculation of Explosion TNT Method BST Method TNO Method
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Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
Consequences Impact Calculation of Explosion TNT Method
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Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
Consequences Impact Calculation of Explosion TNO Method
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Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
Consequences Impact Calculation of Explosion BST Method
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Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
Consequences Impact Calculation of Fire Fire Ball Effect Jet Fire Effect Pool Fire Effect
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Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
Consequences Impact Calculation of Fire Fire Ball Effect
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Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
Consequences Impact Calculation of Fire Pool Fire Effect
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Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
Consequences Impact Calculation of Fire Jet Fire Effect
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Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
Estimating the Risk Analysis Explosion Frequency
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Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
Estimating the Risk Analysis Fire Ball Frequency
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Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
Estimating the Risk Analysis Pool Fire Frequency
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Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
Estimating the Risk Analysis Individual Risk Calculation
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Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
Estimating the Risk Analysis Societal Risk Calculation
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Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
Risk Criteria
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Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
Fire and Explosion Risk Assessment Result
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Selection safeguard for Fire and Explosion’ s Risk Control
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Selection safeguard for Fire and Explosion’ s Risk Control
Startegy Prevention and Mitigation Prevention Barrier Mitigation Barrier
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Selection safeguard for Fire and Explosion’ s Risk Control
Prevention Barrier Inherently Safe Practice Principles Minimize: Reducing the amount of hazardous material present at any one time Substitute: Replacing one material with another of less hazard Moderate: Reducing the strength of an effect Simplify: Designing out problems rather than adding additional equipment or features to deal with them Engineering consideration Hazardous Area Zone Classification (IEC/EN 60079, NFPA 479, API 500) Heating Venting Air Circulation (HVAC) system Electric Static Discharge (ESD) system Maximum Allowable Working Pressure (MAWP) Design Emergency Shut Down Valve (ESDV) System Lay-out facility (lokasi, jarak, dll) Mechanical Protection (Material, Coating, dll) Inerting System
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Selection safeguard for Fire and Explosion’ s Risk Control
Prevention Barrier Operation Consideration Preventive Maintenance Program (inspeksi rutin, testing peralatan, dll) Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) (operating parameter controlling, alarm system, dll) Housekeeping Kompetensi Personel Implementasi Sistem Manajemen Pengendalian Kerugian (Manajemen resiko) Permit System Storage and handling management system Cooling system (Deluge water system, vessel cooling system, dll) Accident Investigation and Lesson Learned Electrical Connection System (Lighting Protection, Grounding, dll)
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Selection safeguard for Fire and Explosion’ s Risk Control
Mitigation Barrier Engineering Consideration Hydrant & Sprinkle System Purging system (PSV, Rupture Disc, Flare System, dll) Dikes Network Water Curtain System CO2/Inert Gas Suppression System Blast-Wall
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Selection safeguard for Fire and Explosion’ s Risk Control
Mitigation Barrier Operation Consideration Fire Extinghuisers (APAR) Foam system Emergency Response Plan (assembly area) Personal Protective Equipment (APD) Community Emergency Response
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