1. 1 Senn, Information Technology, 3 rd Edition © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall James A. Senn’s Information Technology, 3 rd Edition Chapter 2 Essentials of Computing

2. 2 Senn, Information Technology, 3 rd Edition © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall Objectives Mengidentifikasi 5 komponen sistem komputer. Menerangkan 4 kategori hardware dan fungsi- fungsinya. Mendiskusikan hubungan antara hardware dan software. Membedakan antara sistem operasi dan program aplikasi.

3. 3 Senn, Information Technology, 3 rd Edition © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall Objectives (Continued) Mengidentifikasi 10 tipe paket software. Menerangkan 4 komponen informasi. Mengerti perbedaan antara pengguna teknologi informasi dan profesi teknologi informsi. Menentukan 4 tipa prosedur dalam sistem komputer.

4. 4 Senn, Information Technology, 3 rd Edition © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall Objectives (Continued) Menerangkan perbedaan antara sistem single user dan multi user. Daftar dari 13 informasi-pemrosesan aktivitas yang digabungkan dengan 5 fungsi penanganan informasi dari teknologi informasi.

5. 5 Senn, Information Technology, 3 rd Edition © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall Hardware: Computing, Storing and Communication Definition Computer: Sistem elektronik yang dapat diinstruksikan untuk menerima, proses, penyimpanan dan memberikan informasi. Computer System: Komputer dan semua hardware yang terhubung dengannya. –Hardware –Programs –Information –People –Procedures

6. 6 Senn, Information Technology, 3 rd Edition © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall Hardware: Computing, Storing and Communication Definition (Continued)

7. 7 Senn, Information Technology, 3 rd Edition © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall Hardware: Computing, Storing and Communication Hardware Hardware (computer hardware or devices): Komputer dan kumpulan peralatannya. –Input devices –Processors –Output devices –Secondary storage devices

8. 8 Senn, Information Technology, 3 rd Edition © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall Hardware: Computing, Storing and Communication Hardware (Continued)

9. 9 Senn, Information Technology, 3 rd Edition © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall Hardware: Computing, Storing and Communication Hardware (Continued)

10. 10 Senn, Information Technology, 3 rd Edition © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall Hardware: Computing, Storing and Communication Input Devices Input: Data atau informasi yang dimasukkan kedalam komputer atau proses memasukkan data atau informasi kedalam komputer untuk proses, penyimpanan dan pengambilan atau transmisi. –Keyboards –Point-of-sale terminals –Mouse –Image scanners –Bar code scanners and wands –Microphones –Prerecorded sources

11. 11 Senn, Information Technology, 3 rd Edition © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall Hardware: Computing, Storing and Communication Input Devices (Continued) Bar Code: Kode yang dapat dibaca komputer yang berisi batang-batang atau baris-baris yang bervariasi lebar dan panjangnya. Wand: Peralatan input yang digunakan untuk membaca bar code dan memasukkan informasi ini secara langsung kedalam komputer. Multimedia: Sistem yang berisi tambahan-tambahan PC standard tetapi juga mempunyak kemampuan untuk menangani audio, video, animasi dan grafik.

12. 12 Senn, Information Technology, 3 rd Edition © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall Hardware: Computing, Storing and Communication The Processor Processor/Central Processing Unit (CPU): Kumpulan sirkuit elektronik yang membentuk tindakan proses komputer. Microprocessor: Tipe terkecil prosesor, dimana semua kemampuan proses control unit dan ALU diletakkan pada single chip. Chip: Kumpulan komponen elektronik yang sangat kecil,

13. 13 Senn, Information Technology, 3 rd Edition © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall Hardware: Computing, Storing and Communication The Processor (Continued) System Board (Mother Board): Sistem unit dalam microcomputer, diletakkan pada dasar basis komputer. Primary Storage (Main Memory): Penyimpanan dalam komputernya sendiri. Primary memory menyimpan data hanya sementara, sebagai instruksi yang dieksekusi.

14. 14 Senn, Information Technology, 3 rd Edition © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall Hardware: Computing, Storing and Communication Output Devices Output: Hasil input dan pemrosesan data dan informasi yang dikembalikan oleh komputer, secara langsung ke orang yang menggunakan sistem atau ke secondary storage. –Control a printer –Direct a display –Control another device –Generate sounds –Initiate transmission of information

15. 15 Senn, Information Technology, 3 rd Edition © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall Hardware: Computing, Storing and Communication Secondary Storage Devices Secondary Storage (Auxiliary Storage): Media penyimpanan yang berada diluar komputer, tetapi dapat dibaca oleh komputer. –Diskettes –Zip Disks –Hard Disks –Optical Disks –Magnetic Tape

16. 16 Senn, Information Technology, 3 rd Edition © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall Hardware: Computing, Storing and Communication Secondary Storage Devices (Continued) Magnetic Disks: Umumnya terdiri 2 tipe disk penyimpanan: flexible/floppy disk dan hard disk. Zip Disks: Serupa dengan disket, tetapi dibungkus dalam tempat plastik keras. Disk ini dapat disimpan 70 s/d 175 kali dan dapat disimpan dan mengambil data lebih cepat dari disket. Read Only: Tipe disk yang informasi dapat dibaca dari tetapi tidak ditulis. A

17. 17 Senn, Information Technology, 3 rd Edition © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall Hardware: Computing, Storing and Communication Secondary Storage Devices (Continued) CD-ROM disk: Short for “compact disk – read only memory,” an optical storage medium that permits storage of large amounts of information. CD-ROM disks can only be written to and cannot be erased. Drive: The device containing a secondary storage medium’s read/write unit.

18. 18 Senn, Information Technology, 3 rd Edition © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall Hardware: Computing, Storing and Communication Peripheral Equipment Peripheral Equipment: A general term used for any device that is attached to a computer system.

19. 19 Senn, Information Technology, 3 rd Edition © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall Programs: In Charge of the Hardware Definition Software: The general term for a set of instructions that controls a computer or a communications network. Program: A set of instructions that directs a computer to perform certain tasks and produce certain results. Communication Program: A program that manages the interaction between a computer system and a communications network and the transmission of data, programs, and information over the network.

20. 20 Senn, Information Technology, 3 rd Edition © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall Programs: In Charge of the Hardware Definition (Continued) Operating System: A combination of programs that coordinates the actions of a computer, including its peripheral devices and memory. For example, DOS (Disk Operating System), and Windows. Graphic User Interface (GUI): A link to an operating system that allows users to use icons rather than command words to start processing. Interface: The means by which a person interacts with a computer.

21. 21 Senn, Information Technology, 3 rd Edition © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall Programs: In Charge of the Hardware Software Packages Software Package: An application that focuses on a particular subject, such as word processing, and is sold to businesses and the general public. Documentation: An instruction manual that accompanies software. Also, a technical, detailed written description of the specific facts of a program.

22. 22 Senn, Information Technology, 3 rd Edition © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall Programs: In Charge of the Hardware Software Packages (Continued) Spreadsheet: A table of columns and rows used by people responsible for tracking revenues, expenses, profits, and losses. Word-processing (WP) Program: A program that allows the user to enter, change (edit), move, store, and print text information. Desktop Publishing (DTP) Program: A program that combines text and image-handling features with document-design capabilities.

23. 23 Senn, Information Technology, 3 rd Edition © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall Programs: In Charge of the Hardware Software Packages Graphics Presentation Program: A program that translates data into visual representations using charts, graphs, and map. Photo Editing Program: A program used to touch up, remove, or add features to a digital version of photographs. Illustration Program: A program in which the computer screen becomes a drawing board on which artists translate their ideas into visual form.

24. 24 Senn, Information Technology, 3 rd Edition © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall Programs: In Charge of the Hardware Software Packages (Continued) Database Management Program: A program that makes it possible for users to manage the data in ways that increase accessibility and productivity. Database: A collection of data and information describing items of interest to an organization. Browser: Client computer program designed to locate and display information on the World Wide Web.

25. 25 Senn, Information Technology, 3 rd Edition © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall Programs: In Charge of the Hardware Software Packages (Continued) Information System or Management Information System (MIS): A business information system designed to produce the information needed for successful management of a structured problem, process, department, or business. Transaction Processing: A shared business information system that uses a combination of information technology and manual procedures to process data and information and to manage transactions.

26. 26 Senn, Information Technology, 3 rd Edition © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall Programs: In Charge of the Hardware Software Packages (Continued) Computer Programming Language: A series of commands or codes that a computer can translate into the electronic pulses that underlie all computing activities. Utility Program (Utilities): Special programs used to perform tasks that occur repeatedly using processing. Custom Software: Software written specially for a particular business.

27. 27 Senn, Information Technology, 3 rd Edition © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall Programs: In Charge of the Hardware Software Trends Software Trends –Greater use of prewritten software packages. –Greater user of prewritten components. Object-oriented Programming: Software development combining data and procedures into a single object. Object: A component that contains data about itself and how it is to be processed.

28. 28 Senn, Information Technology, 3 rd Edition © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall Information: The Reason for Using Information Technology Definition Information: An organized, meaningful, and useful interpretation of data. –Data –Text –Sound –Images Data: Raw facts, figures, and details. Spoken Information: Information that is conveyed by sound.

29. 29 Senn, Information Technology, 3 rd Edition © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall Information: The Reason for Using Information Technology Definition (Continued)

30. 30 Senn, Information Technology, 3 rd Edition © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall People: Users and Creators of IT Applications Users User (End User): The people who uses IT in their jobs or personal lives. –Hands-on users –Indirect end users –User managers –Senior managers

31. 31 Senn, Information Technology, 3 rd Edition © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall People: Users and Creators of IT Applications Information Technology Professionals Information Technology Professional: A person who is responsible for acquiring, developing, maintaining, or operating the hardware associated with computers and communications networks. –Programmers –Systems Analysts –System Designers –Web Designers –Project Managers –Network Specialists –Trainers –Computer Operators

32. 32 Senn, Information Technology, 3 rd Edition © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall People: Users and Creators of IT Applications Information Technology Professionals (Continued) Programmer/Analyst: A person who has joint responsibility for determining system requirements and developing and implementing the systems. Data Center (Computer Center): A facility at which large and midrange computer systems are located. These systems are shared by many users who are interconnected with the system through communications links.

33. 33 Senn, Information Technology, 3 rd Edition © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall People: Users and Creators of IT Applications Information Technology Professionals (Continued) Computer Engineer: An IT professional who designs, develops, and oversees the manufacturing of computer equipment. Systems Engineer: An IT professional who installs and maintains hardware.

34. 34 Senn, Information Technology, 3 rd Edition © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall Procedures: Processes to Use and Maintain IT Procedures Procedure: A step-by-step process or a set of instructions for accomplishing specific results. –Operations –Backup and Recovery –Security –Development

35. 35 Senn, Information Technology, 3 rd Edition © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall Procedures: Processes to Use and Maintain IT Procedures (Continued)

36. 36 Senn, Information Technology, 3 rd Edition © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall Procedures: Processes to Use and Maintain IT Procedures (Continued) Operations Procedure: A procedure that describes how a computer system or application is used, how often it can be used, who is authorized to use it, and where the results of processing should go. Backup Procedure: A procedure that describes how and when to make extra copies of information or software to protect against losses. Recovery Procedure: An action taken when information or software must be restored.

37. 37 Senn, Information Technology, 3 rd Edition © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall Procedures: Processes to Use and Maintain IT Procedures (Continued) Security Procedure: A procedure designed to safeguard data centers, communications networks, computers, and other IT components from accidental intrusion or intentional damage. Security Software: Software that is designed to protect systems and data. Development Procedure: A procedure that explains how IT professionals should describe user needs and develop applications to meet those needs.

38. 38 Senn, Information Technology, 3 rd Edition © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall An Introduction to Systems Definition System: A set of components that interact to accomplish a purpose. Single-User System (Personal Computer): An IT system used by only one person. A system that stands alone and is not interconnected with other companies or shared by other people.

39. 39 Senn, Information Technology, 3 rd Edition © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall An Introduction to Systems Definition (Continued) Multi-user System: A communication system in which more than one user share hardware, programs, information, people, and procedures. –To share a computer –To share hardware –To share software –To share information –To share communications

40. 40 Senn, Information Technology, 3 rd Edition © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall Information Processing Information Processing Activities Associated with Information-handling Functions Capture –Input –Upload/Download Uploading: The process by which information is sent from a PC to a mainframe. Downloading: The transfer of information from a central system to a desktop computer.

41. 41 Senn, Information Technology, 3 rd Edition © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall Information Processing Information Processing Activities Associated with Information-handling Functions (Continued) Processing –Compute –Update Batch Processing: The grouping and processing of all transactions at one time. Real-time Processing: The processing of each transaction as it occurs. –Classify –Sort –Summarize

42. 42 Senn, Information Technology, 3 rd Edition © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall Information Processing Information Processing Activities Associated with Information-handling Functions (Continued) Generate –Output –Issue Storage and Retrieval –Inquire –Store –Retrieve Transmit