1. HTPEM Fuel Cells - Analysis of usage in mobile applications -
Introduction to the Institute of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Denmark
Research areas
Educations
Recent and current research activities
Master thesis, 500 W PEM Fuel Cell system
Reseach assistent, 3 kW DMFC UPS
PhD project : Fuel Cell Shaft Power Pack

2. Development in Denmark from 80’ties to 90’ties:
Central generation
Local generation
Source:

3. Research program organisation
Institute of Energy Technology
Electric Power Systems
Power Electronic Systems
Electrical Machines
Fluid Power Systems
Fluid Mechanics and Combustion
Thermal Energy Systems
Fuel Cell Research Program
Industrial Partners
Research Institutions

4. Overview of Educations at IET
From next year an International M.Sc. Specialization on Windpower will be included!
Electrical Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
High Voltage Engineering and Power systems
Power Electronics and Drives
Sustainable Energy Engineering
(HyTec)
Electro Mechanical System Design
(EMSD)
Fluids and Combustion Engineering
(FACE)
8th to 10th sem
Intro semester
Electrical Energy Technology (EET)
6th to 7th sem
B.Sc. & Honer
Industry and export
(In the future this will most likely be “Energy”)
Electronics and Electrical
Engineering
3rd to 5th sem
BASIC YEAR
1st and 2nd sem
Within the following years an energy study board will be formed to enhance the fundamental education (3rd to 5th semester) to be directed more towards energy technology.

5. Fuel cell research programme
Mission
To promote sustainable energy production by conducting definitive leading edge research at international level in fuel cell technology.
Main Research Areas
Fluid mechanics
System modeling and optimization
Advanced system control
Power electronics
Test
systems

6. Stack and system test facilities
Single cell test facilities
HT-PEM
DMFC
Advanced stack tests
Gas composition
Humidity (anode, cathode)
Heat management
System test facilities

7. Design and Control of a 500W PEM Fuel Cell System
Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering specialized in Electro-mechanical system design

8. 3 kW DMFC Emergency Power Generator (APC)
Research assistent, modeling of DMFC, steady state, dynamic, BoP

9. Research Project : Fuel Cell Shaft Power Pack (3.107 DKR)
2 Technical University PhD : Design and control of BoP , Power Electronics and motor design
1 Industrial PhD (Technological Institute of Denmark) : Stack charaterization and diagnostics
2 Mercantile PhD : Focus on the market, up-stream and down-stream
2 Educational institutions (Aalborg University, Copenhagen Business School)
1 GTS Danish Insititue of Technology
1 Component manufacturer (Parker)
3 R&D companies (Dantherm,HIRC,EGJ, H2Logic)
1 Composite materials company (Xperion)
4 Application companies (Electrical bike, Truck, Pallet handler…)
2 Power electronics companies (Migatronic , KK-Electronic)

10. Systemopbygning
Possibilities for an overall configuration of a power pack
Fuel Cell alone
Fuel Cell og DC/DC-converter
Advantages: Very simple system
Disadvantages: Very large FC stack ($$ !)
FC must handle power peaks
High demands for motor and intverer
Variating DC voltage FC
Motor
Inverter AC DC
Advantages: Simple
Steady DC inverter voltage
Disadvantages: Very large FC stack ($$ !)
FC handles power peaks FC
Motor
Inverter
DC/DC DC AC

11. Systemopbygning
Operation with FC, DC/DC-converter and buffer energy storage
Energy storage : battery
Energy storage : battery and super capacitor
Energy storage : super capacitor FC
Motor
Inverter
DC/DC DC AC
Buffer
Preferable system configuration FC
Motor
Inverter
DC/DC DC AC
BAT
SCAP
Adv.: Smaller FC stack
Steady DC inverter voltage
Super cap. only for power peaks
Battery as extra energy storage
FC stack charges batteries and supercaps
Full control of charging and discharging
D.adv.: Exstra charging circuits for battery and supercaps
More complicated system

12. System, HT-PEM with Reformer
Feasible fuels, liquid i.e. methanol (ethanol)
Direct Methanol Fuel Cell
Fuel cell system with reformer
LTPEM (Classic Nafion membran)
HTPEM (PBI membrane)
High Temperature PEM running on reformed methanol
FC operating conditions C
Methanol reformer temperature C
Thermal integration
Lower cell voltage
No CO-poisoning (!)
No humidity control -> Very simple stack and system design (!)
New technology
Potential for improvements
Significantly less expensive than Nafion based MEA’s (!)
Liquid water must never be present
Possible cooling with cathode air
Long start-up time
FC system and application control
Classic linear control. P PI PID control. ss control, observer design
Nonlinear control. Lyaponov theory, robust control
Optimal control

13. Performance of HTPEM

14. Thanks for your attention