1. PLANT BIOLOGY

2. PARTS OF THE PLANTS

3. PLANT TISSUES The Classification of Plant Tissues Meristematic Tissue
Dermal Tissue (Protective Tissue)
Fundamental Tissue (Ground Tissue)
Vascular Tissue
Secretory Tissue

6. MERISTEMATIC TISSUE Types of Meristematic Tissue
A plant has two types of meristem
Apical Meristem
a) Root Meristem
b) Shoot Meristem
2 . Lateral Meristem
a) Cork Cambium
b) Vascular Cambium

7. 1. APICAL MERISTEM
Apical meristem located at the tips of the stem and it branches as well as the tips of the root and its branches.
It provides growth in length.
As the stem grows taller, some apical meristem moves upward and some remains in place, between the stem and leaf, where it can form new branches, leaves or flowers.

9. 1.APICAL MERISTEM A)ROOT MERISTEM:
Root meristem is composed of delicate cells that need protection
The root apical meristem is protected by the root cap.
Root meristem produces primary tissues that later become the epidermis, cortex, and vascular cylinder of mature plants

13. 1.APICAL MERISTEM B)SHOOT MERISTEM: It produces new buds and leaves.
It also produces epidermis, cortex, primary xylem and phloem, central pith, tissues that form the primary structure of the stem.

17. 2. LATERAL MERISTEM(CAMBIUM)
The lateral meristem provides an increase in the width of a plant; this growth is secondary growth, because apical meristem is not responsible for the growth in diameter of plant.
Types of lateral meristem
A) Vascular Cambium
B) Cork Cambium

20. 2. LATERAL MERISTEM(CAMBIUM)
A) Vascular Cambium:

22. 2. Lateral Meristem(Cambium)

23. DERMAL TISSUE (PROTECTIVE TISSUE)
TYPES OF DERMAL TISSUE
EPIDERMIS PERIDERM
(CORK)

24. 1. EPIDERMIS

25. 1. EPIDERMIS

29. Differentiated Epidermal Cells
Root hairs
Trichomes
Guard Cells

31. Epidermal hairs lower water loss by decreasing the flow of air over the plant surface, which in turn, slows the loss of water from the plant.
Glandular hairs prevent herbivores by storing substances that are harmful to insects.
Root hairs increase water uptake by increasing the surface area of the cell.

32. 2. PERIDERM (CORK)

33. LENTICELS

34. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN STOMA AND LENTICELS
Located in epidermis
Regulates its opening
Guard cells have chloroplast and make photosynthesis
Transpiration and gas exchange occur
LENTICEL
Located in periderm
Is always open
Has no chloroplast and does not make photosynthesis
Gas exchange and little amount of water vapor is given out

35. FUNDAMENTAL TISSUE (GROUND TISSUE)
Is composed of three tissues:
Parenchyma Colenchyma Sclerenchyma
These tissues can be distinguished by their cell wall structures.

36. 1.PARENCHYMA

38. 2. COLLENCHYMA

39. 3. SCLERENCHYMA

40. CELLS OF SCLERENCHYMA
1. STONE CELLS

42. CELLS OF SCLERENCHYMA
2. FIBER CELLS

43. THE THREE TYPES OF GROUND TISSUE

44. VASCULAR TISSUE VASCULAR TISSUE XYLEM PHLOEM TRACHEIDS 1. SIEVE TUBES
VESSELS COMPANION CELLS

45. XYLEM

46. XYLEM

47. XYLEM
Bordered pits in pine tracheids

48. Conductive Vessel Element in Mountain Mahogany Wood (SEM x750)
Conductive Vessel Element in Mountain Mahogany Wood (SEM x750). Dennis Kunkel

49. PHLOEM

50. PHLOEM

51. PHLOEM

52. PHLOEM

53. XYLEM AND PHLOEM

54. XYLEM AND PHLOEM

55. SECRETORY TISSUE
RESINS

57. SECRETORY TISSUE
NECTAR

58. SECRETORY TISSUE
DIGESTIVE ENZYMES

60. SECRETORY TISSUE
LATEX