1. Highlights of Objective 1 Highlights of Objective 1 l The use of tools and equipment included in the middle school TEKS is part of this objective. l Students will be required to recognize these tools and know how to properly use the most common ones. Students’ ability to measure precisely, such as from a beaker, graduated cylinder, or thermometer, will be assessed.

2. TEK 6.4, 7.4, 8.4 TEK 6.4, 7.4, 8.4 Scientific Processes The student knows how to use a variety of tools and methods to conduct science inquiry. The student is expected to… (A) collect, record, and analyze information using tools including beakers, petri dishes, meter sticks, graduated cylinders, weather instruments, hot plates, dissecting equipment, test tubes, safety goggles, spring scales, balances, microscopes, telescopes, thermometers, calculators, field equipment, computers, computer probes, water test kits, and timing devices.

3. There are “4 Rules” to remember when reading the meniscus.

4. Rule #1 Read graduated cylinder on a flat surface.

5. Rule #2 Read meniscus at eye level, on a flat surface.

6. Rule #3 Read bottom of the meniscus. 6.6 mL

7. Rule #4 Read most graduated cylinder’s intervals from the bottom up, or from 0 mL. Memorize, “Bottoms Up”

8. If a graduated cylinder’s intervals start at the top with “0 mL,” then read the volume from the top.

9. Let’s Review. Question #1

10. 1. Determine the volume (mL) of water in the graduated cylinder?

11. Correct Answer Choice: Correct Answer Choice: Volume = 18 mL Wonderful!

12. Let’s Try Question #2

13. 2. In order to properly read a meniscus, a graduated cylinder must be ___? 2. In order to properly read a meniscus, a graduated cylinder must be ___? A. on a flat surface B. made of plastic C. made of glass D. picked up to read

14. Correct Answer Choice: Correct Answer Choice: A. be on a flat surface In order to read the volume correctly, the graduated cylinder must be read on a flat surface.

15. Incorrect Answer Choices: Incorrect Answer Choices: B. be made of plastic What the graduated cylinder is made of does not affect the reading of the meniscus.

16. Incorrect Answer Choices: Incorrect Answer Choices: C. be made of glass What the graduated cylinder is made of does not affect the reading of the meniscus.

17. Incorrect Answer Choices: Incorrect Answer Choices: D. be picked up to eye level To read a meniscus properly, the graduated cylinder should be placed on a flat surface. Picking it up can tilt the meniscus which can cause an incorrect reading.

18. Let’s Try Question #3

19. 3. What is the volume of the solution in the graduated cylinder? A. 19.4 mL B. 19.6 mL C. 20.6 mL D. 20.4 mL What is the volume?

20. Correct Answer Choice: A. 19.4 mL Read bottom of meniscus

21. Incorrect Answer Choices: B. 19.6 mL C. 20.6 mL D. 20.4 mL Read bottom of meniscus

22. How To Read A Thermometer When measuring the temperature of a solution, leave the thermometer in the solution until the liquid in the thermometer stops rising. How To Read A Thermometer When measuring the temperature of a solution, leave the thermometer in the solution until the liquid in the thermometer stops rising.

23. How To Read A Thermometer When the liquid stops rising, read the temperature scale from the bottom up. This is called “thermal equilibrium” because the temperature outside the thermometer “equals” the temperature inside the thermometer. How To Read A Thermometer When the liquid stops rising, read the temperature scale from the bottom up. This is called “thermal equilibrium” because the temperature outside the thermometer “equals” the temperature inside the thermometer.

24. Let’s Try Question #4

25. 4. In order to measure the temperature of a solution, you must leave thermometer in the solution until ___. 4. In order to measure the temperature of a solution, you must leave thermometer in the solution until ___. A. the solution reaches its boiling point B. the solution reaches its freezing point C. thermal equilibrium is reached D. 3 minutes have passed

26. Correct Answer Choice: Correct Answer Choice: C. thermal equilibrium has been reached The temperature is read when the liquid inside of the thermometer “stops moving.” This is called thermal equilibrium.

27. Incorrect Answer Choices: Incorrect Answer Choices: A.the solution reaches its boiling point The question does not ask for the boiling point. It only asks for the temperature of the solution in the beaker.

28. Incorrect Answer Choices: Incorrect Answer Choices: B.the solution reaches its freezing point The question does not ask for the freezing point. It only asks for the temperature of the solution in the beaker.

29. Incorrect Answer Choices: Incorrect Answer Choices: D.three minutes have passed When determining a temperature of a solution, time is not considered. The temperature is taken when thermal equilibrium is reached.

30. Know how to select the proper lab equipment for lab activities. To Measure: Mass = balance Volume = graduated cylinder, beaker, flask, etc. Temperature = thermometer

31. Let’s Try Question #5

32. 5. The piece of laboratory equipment below can be used to measure ___. 5. The piece of laboratory equipment below can be used to measure ___. A. pressure of a gas B. volume of a liquid C. mass of a solid D. temperature of a solid

33. Correct Answer Choice: B. volume of a liquid Liquid volume can be measured with such things as a graduated cylinder, beaker, or a flask, etc.

34. Incorrect Answer Choices: A. pressure of a gas (a barometer is used to measure gas or air pressure) C. mass of a solid (mass is measured with a balance) D. temperature of a solid (a thermometer measures temperature)

35. To correctly read a thermometer, read the Celsius temperature scale from the bottom up. This is the freezing point of water. Temperature = 0 o C.

36. Let’s Try Question #6

37. 6. On the diagram below, what is the temperature in Celsius degrees? 6. On the diagram below, what is the temperature in Celsius degrees?

38. Temperature = 25 0 C Temperature = 25 0 C

39. The End The End