1. Assume the axial symmetric CR density distribution with the minimum along with the axis of a cylinder Then the observed –G points toward the density minimum ( ) located on the axis Assume the cylinder moving with the average solar wind velocity V sw Then the velocity V ax representing the cylinder orientation can be deduced from the apparent velocity V app, as V ax = V app - V sw model (1) V sw V ax sun V app earth -G cylinder axis density min.

2. model (2) earth -G R λ cylinder axis RERE density min. Assume the gaussian distribution for CR density, as R : distance from the cylinder axis I 0 : minimum density,  : radial scale of the cylinder Then G(R E ) observed at the earth (R= R E ) is… R E : minimum distance between the earth & the cylinder axis (1) (2) With the observed G(R E ), R E can be calculated from (2) for each set of parameters, I 0 & Find a set of I 0 & giving the best-fit G(R E ) to the observed gradient

3. Two CME events in 2001analyzed 35 directions (Nagoya-Japan, Hobart-Australia, SaoMartinho- Brazil) Prototype Muon network Onset time of SSC Max. K p FD size Corresponding CME Associated X-ray flare Onset timeSizeLocation 4/11 13:43 8+- 2% 4/10 05:30X2.3 23  S, 9  W 8/27 19:52 5-- 2% 8/25 16:50X5.3 17  S, 34  E CR data used S.Watari 2002

4. Observation 4/118/27 ρGx ρGy ρGz

5. Results for Apr. 11 event cylinder orientation :  = 50.2   = -5.2  passed the earth at R E = 0.015 AU best-fit parameters : I 0 = -1.93 % = 0.066 AU averages over the best-fit period: Vsw = 696 km/s B = 21.2 nT  = 0.053 AU

6. cylinder orientation :  = 66.4   = -33.3  Passed the earth at R E = 0.025 AU best-fit parameters : I 0 = -1.02 % = 0.061 AU Results for Aug. 27 CME averages over the best-fit period: Vsw = 533 km/s B = 7.4 nT  = 0.15 AU

8. Density profiles Apr. 11 CMEAug. 27 CME

9. Results for Apr. 11 event by NM cylinder orientation :  = 148.9   = 15.7  passed the earth at R E = 0.030 AU best-fit parameters : I 0 = -10.0 % = 0.085 AU averages over the best-fit period: Vsw = 696 km/s B = 21.2 nT  = 0.011 AU

10. cylinder orientation :  = 57.9   = -26.4  Passed the earth at R E = 0.047 AU best-fit parameters : I 0 = -6.189 % = 0.098 AU Results for Aug. 27 CME by NM averages over the best-fit period: Vsw = 533 km/s B = 7.4 nT  = 0.030 AU

11. Density profiles by NM Apr. 11 CMEAug. 27 CME