1. © 2000 Charly Herscovici, Brussels / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York Reproduction, including downloading of Magritte works is prohibited by copyright laws and international conventions without the express written permission of Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York. Interactions between Dorsal and Ventral Pathways Objects exist in space

2. Vision: Outline Eye –Color vision –Receptive Field –Edge Detection Visual Path –thalamus (LGN) –primary visual cortex Orientation sensitive; Spatial frequency –Ventral Pathways Area MT (motion), Object Recognition, Area V4 (color) synesthesia –Dorsal Pathway Spatial Attention Hemispatial Neglect

3. Ventral Dorsal Visual Cortex Dorsal Dorsal Pathway

4. RetinaLGNV1 V4 Parietal Cortex Inferotemporal Cortex (Relay Station) (Detects Edges) (Color, Form) (Shape, Object Recognition) (Location, How to reach or act upon)

5. - Line-bisection task - Extinction hemispatial neglect syndrome - Drawing - Line cancellation

6. Self-portrait by Anton Raderscheidt, at different stages of his rehabilitation from neglect syndrome 3 21 4 Tom Greenshield’s drawings pre- and post-stroke BeforeAfter

7. QDoes the disordered attentional mechanisms associated with visuospatial neglect alter patient’s representation of space ? normal neglect

8. move your eyes (& your attention) you ‘see’ the change -- you are ‘perceptually aware’-- at the attended location You are unaware at the unattended locations. Try to find the difference between these two pictures Attention contributes to object perceptual awareness

9. Looking for a target in neglect

10. ‘look for blue horizontal line”

11. Inattentional blindness (here)here http://viscog.beckman.uiuc.edu/grafs/demos/15.html Count how many passes the ‘white’ team makes Continuity errors (Terminator 2)

12. time Mike Posner ++ Spatial cueing task (aka covert orienting task)

13. +++ invalid 20% Valid 80% 1 sec 0.5 sec Mike Posner Reaction time (ms)

14. Voluntary System of Atention (dorsal). <- Voluntary Attention <- 1 sec delay * Unattended stimulus is detected Automatic System of attention (ventral) Corbetta et al, nature neuroscience Bilateral IPS FEF Right TPJ

15. Interaction between voluntary and automatic system IPS left IPS right Right TPJ balance Modulated by expectations Warning by Unexpected stimulus

16. Arteria Cerebral Arterial Media y area de lesion por obstruccion

17. Resonancia Magnetica NormalAtrofiastroke

18. Sindrome de Negligencia Espacial Anatomia hemisferio derecho, plano horizontal Union temporo- parietal derecha, (vista lateral) A veces la lesion se extiende al lobulo frontal

19. Interaccion entre los dos sistemas despues de stroke SPI izq. SPI der. UTP der DESbalance Alerta por Estimulo Inesperado Muy disminuida LESION Sintomas:?? Effectos en tarea de flecha y asterisco

20. El sistema de atencion ejerce un efecto modulatorio en los procesos mentales (“vemos claramente”, Williams James) -Por ej. atencion a movimiento activa area MT Efecto

21. time Memory/Attention Task (fMRI / ERP)

22. Regions of Interest Right Visual Field Left Visual Field

24. Stim 1Stim 2 Single-Unit Recording “spike” = single neuron’s action potential (Macaque monkey) Signal Analysis Receptive Field

25. Attention Effects in Single Neuron Responses 100 msec Frequency of spikes Attended bar Unattended bar ( Robert Desimone, NIH)

26. Atypical Alzheimer ’ s Disease Also known as Posterior Cortical Atrophy (PCA) Similar pathology to AD, but: –Localized in Parietal cortex Some clinical similarities to: –Right parietal stroke (hemispatial neglect) –Bi-parietal stroke (Balint ’ s syndrome) Hemispatial neglect

27. Atypical AD Patient 68 y-old male Local bias ccc c c c c c c c Impaired drawing bilateral posterior parieto-temporal atrophy, most pronounced in right hemisphere Left visual field extinction

28. ‘Perception’ Tasks: Can the patient ‘discriminate’ two simultaneous shapes? (circle, square) Can the patient ‘see’ two simultaneous shapes?

29. Buffer Shape Discrimination Task: same / different Display: Sequential (duration tailored for each subject) T 1 Ts 1 & 2 Mask Interval T 2 Simultaneous Buffer Mask Buffer Mask 88% correct 50% correct

30. Count Task: one / two Follow-up study - Single Figure Accuracy 61%46% Conclusion: - R.D. cannot ‘see’ two objects Control study: Single complex figure 90% accuracy

31. steps in the cueing task Arrow onset. Voluntarily attend to that side Target appears in opposite side. Detect unexpected location. Disengage attention from initial location. Redirect attention to the other side

32. Funcion: Atencion Espacial Anatomia: - Dorsal: Surco Parietal Inferior (SPI); Frontal Eye Field - ambos hemisferios Caracteristicas: - representacion espacial - se activa al preparar movimientos oculares o manuales El Sistema Voluntario de Atención

33. Funcion: Reorientacion & Alerta Anatomia: - Ventral: Union temporo-Parietal (UTP); Giro frontal inferior - hemisferio derecho Caracteristicas: - sin representacion espacial - es activado por: - estimulos inesperados - estimulos dolorosos - estimulo infrecuente El Sistema automatico de atencion