1. Training in Oil & Gas Production for BP Technical Interns Section 4 – Pipes, Fittings, and Safety Looking at pipes, valves and fitting that we use for oil, water, and gas

2. Training in Oil & Gas Production for BP Technical Interns About oilfield pipe Common materials Steel – Use for water, oil, & gas Steel – Use for water, oil, & gas Polyethylene – Use for water, oil & gas Polyethylene – Use for water, oil & gas Fiberglass – Use primarily for water Fiberglass – Use primarily for water

3. Training in Oil & Gas Production for BP Technical Interns About steel pipe Measured by OD and ID Measured by OD and ID OD for threading, ID for flow & use OD for threading, ID for flow & use Comes in various weights, lbs./foot Comes in various weights, lbs./foot Varies in tensile strength & pressure Varies in tensile strength & pressure Varies in corrosion resistance Varies in corrosion resistance May be welded, flanged, or threaded May be welded, flanged, or threaded Line pipe, tubing, and casing Line pipe, tubing, and casing

4. Training in Oil & Gas Production for BP Technical Interns About polyethelene pipe Measured by OD and ID Measured by OD and ID Black or orange may be fused Black or orange may be fused Comes in various weights, lbs./foot Comes in various weights, lbs./foot In rolls up to 4” inside diameter In rolls up to 4” inside diameter Relatively low pressure Relatively low pressure Varies in length up to 1500’ Varies in length up to 1500’ Gathering, distribution & disposal lines Gathering, distribution & disposal lines

5. Training in Oil & Gas Production for BP Technical Interns About fiberglass pipe Measured by OD and ID Measured by OD and ID Used in corrosion application Used in corrosion application Primarily used for produced water Primarily used for produced water Comes in various weights, lbs./foot Comes in various weights, lbs./foot Relatively low pressure Relatively low pressure Typically 20, 30, or 40 ft lengths Typically 20, 30, or 40 ft lengths Mechanical or glued couplings Mechanical or glued couplings

6. Training in Oil & Gas Production for BP Technical Interns Production applications Lead lines and flow lines Lead lines and flow lines Load lines and gathering lines Load lines and gathering lines High and low pressure gas lines High and low pressure gas lines Water disposal and injection lines Water disposal and injection lines Gas lines, gathering and distribution Gas lines, gathering and distribution

7. Training in Oil & Gas Production for BP Technical Interns Steel, poly & fiber pipe fittings Common elbows (Ls) – all (SEE EXAMPLES) Common elbows (Ls) – all (SEE EXAMPLES) 45 degree elbows – all 45 degree elbows – all Tees and crosses – all Tees and crosses – all Street elbows and nipples – threaded steel Street elbows and nipples – threaded steel Flanges, hammer & wrench unions – threaded steel Flanges, hammer & wrench unions – threaded steel Flanges and U-turns – welded steel Flanges and U-turns – welded steel Swages, reducers or bushings Swages, reducers or bushings Transition fitting – polyethylene Transition fitting – polyethylene

8. Training in Oil & Gas Production for BP Technical Interns Valves Gate valves (SEE EXAMPLES) Gate valves (SEE EXAMPLES) Butterfly valves Butterfly valves Ball valves Ball valves Plug valves Plug valves Check valves (flapper, float & seat) Check valves (flapper, float & seat) Needle valves, Orbit® valves, & others Needle valves, Orbit® valves, & others Pneumatic & hydraulic actuated valves Pneumatic & hydraulic actuated valves

9. Training in Oil & Gas Production for BP Technical Interns Anti-Freezing Ball Valve

10. Training in Oil & Gas Production for BP Technical Interns Other equipment Flow choke (SEE EXAMPLE) Flow choke (SEE EXAMPLE) Orifice plate choke/flow control Orifice plate choke/flow control Back pressure regulators Back pressure regulators Pressure regulators Pressure regulators Dump valves Dump valves Automated flow control Automated flow control

11. Training in Oil & Gas Production for BP Technical Interns Management of change (MOC) 1. Determine need for a MOC request. 2. Complete paperwork for MOC request. 3. Request goes to engineering review 4. Request goes to an HSE review 5. Request may go to other reviews 6. Ops manager must sign off on request 7. MOC approved and change may begin

12. Training in Oil & Gas Production for BP Technical Interns An MOC policy means Without an MOC any production equipment needing replaced down to the least significant pipe fitting must be replace with an identical items with identical specifications. Example: Replace a 2” steel 5000 PSI ball valve with only another 2” steel 5000 PSI ball valve. Manufacturer may vary.

13. Training in Oil & Gas Production for BP Technical Interns Pitfalls in pipelines & fittings Using low pressure fitting in high pressure. Using low pressure fitting in high pressure. Shock impact of HP gas with ¼ turn valve. Shock impact of HP gas with ¼ turn valve. Failure to determine direction of flow. Failure to determine direction of flow. Internal erosion of pipe and fittings. Internal erosion of pipe and fittings. Poor engineering for environmental change Poor engineering for environmental change Cross threading or short threading Cross threading or short threading Internal/external corrosion problems Internal/external corrosion problems

14. Training in Oil & Gas Production for BP Technical Interns This product was funded by a grant awarded under the President’s High Growth Job Training Initiative as implemented by the US Department of Labor’s Employment and Training Administration. The Information contained in this product was created by a grantee organization and does not necessarily reflect the official position of the US Department of Labor. All references to non- governmental companies or organizations, their services, products, or resources are offered for informational purposes and should not be construed as an endorsement by the Department of Labor. This product is copyrighted by the institution that created it and is intended for individual organizational, non-commercial use only.