1. AREA OF STUDY ONE KIEREN PROWSE LOYOLA COLLEGE
FRENCH REVOLUTION
AREA OF STUDY ONE
KIEREN PROWSE
LOYOLA COLLEGE

2. Aims for the session To gain an understanding of:
What is Area of Study One French Revolution?
What will the exam look like in Section A?
What can I do to succeed in the exam?
Top 5 tips for success!

3. Area of Study One Dates: 1781 Jacque Necker’s Compte Rendu
4th August 1789 – Night of Patriotic Delirium
Phrygian Bonnet

4. Revolutions Study Design
Area of Study One – French Revolution
An understanding of the ‘Revolutionary Ideas, Movements, Leaders and Events.
Key knowledge:
- Chronology of events (timeline)
- Causes of tensions and conflict (why did the people want change)
- Revolutionary ideas (ideas that suggested change from current system)
- Key Leaders (how did individuals develop ideas for change)
- Movements (where did the ‘energy’ for change come from)

5. How will I score well on the exam?
Key skills:
Recall key dates with accuracy.
Have full awareness of the causes of tensions and conflicts of the Ancien Regime.
Ability to analyse and interpret images/documents/text.
‘Synthesize evidence to develop a coherent argument’ (Understand how one event/idea/leader/movement influence another and be able to link them together.
Have knowledge of and be able to use a variety of Historian’s opinions to support your response to a question.

6. How do I succeed???
Understanding number 1: You do not have to know everything about everything. 3 or 4 things about all the different topics.
Understand how one decision or action influences other events in the development of the revolution.
Prepare yourself well in advance for the exam; cramming will not work.
Collect and utilise quotes. Paraphrase quotes is a good idea. Take the eyes out of the quote.
Write your responses with clarity, conciseness.
Correct use of spelling, grammar, punctuation and paragraphing is a non negotiable.

7. Summary Book Topics – Area of Study One
King Louis XIV
King Louis XV
King Louis XVI
Divine right monarchy
Versailles
Taxation system
The Three Estates (Church, Nobles, the rest)
Marie Antoinette
The enlightenment and the Philosophes
Montesquieu
Voltaire
Rousseau
Diderot
Physiocrats
American War of Independence
La Fayette
Compte Rendu
Jacques Necker
Charles – Alexander de Calonne
Archbishop Brienne
Aristocratic Revolt/Assembly of Notables
Parlements
Royal Session (Seance Royale) 19 November 1787
Day of Tiles
Pamphlet war
Abbe Sieyes
Cahiers de Doleances
Society of Thirty
Estates-General (great detail needed here)
Formation of National Assembly
Tennis Court Oath
Royal session 23 June 1789
Fall of the Bastille
Municipal revolt
Great Fear
4th August 1789 – Night of Patriotic Delirium
Marxist Historians views
Revisionist Historians views
Liberal Historians views

8. The Three Estates 28 Million people in 1780. First Estate : Clergy.
Second Estate: Nobility.
Third Estate: Everybody else:
Those least able to afford taxes expected to pay the most.
Figures from McPhee; The French Revolution, P.13-18
The poverty of many and the grievances of nearly all French peasants were much aggravated by their liability for taxes from which noble landowners might well be immune…’Hibbert, P.30

9. Causes of Tension prior to 1781
Ideas of ‘the Age of Enlightenment’.
Voltaire
Critical of Catholic Church’s power.
Rousseau
‘Noble Savage’’….’The General Will’….’Social Contract’……
Montesquieu
Separation of powers between Monarch and state
Diderot
Encyclopedie – direct public opinion on matters of importance in society. Economics, religion, agriculture.
Rousseau
Voltaire

10. Tension: Lack of representative Government
King had 6 ministers in his cabinet.
Venal offices
Absolute monarchy

11. Tension: Disorganised Administration System
39 differing Generalities or provinces for taxation.
13 unequal legal zones
18 different religious administrative zones
Adcock P. 9

12. Tension: Participation in Wars
War of Polish Succession ( )
War of Austrian Succession ( )
Seven Years War ( )
American War of Independence ( )
Significant damage to the royal treasury
LaFayette

13. Tension: Socio- Economic Divide
Massive gulf between rich and poor
Small number of wealthy who owned a lot
Large number of poor who owned little or nothing.

14. Tension: Financial Crisis
Necker
Swiss, Protestant, not from Noble origin.
‘Compte Rendu au Roi’
Necker

15. Assembly of Notables – (Aristocratic Revolt)
22 February 1787
144 deputies mostly aristocratic
Calonne unpopular
Calonne’s motives appeared suspicious
Necker producing 10m surplus in 1781, Calonne 115m deficit by 1786???
‘He (Calonne) totally miscalculated the forces he had let loose, and how to handle them.’Doyle P.70

16. Brienne – Second chance at tax reform
July 1787, Brienne modifies Calonne’s tax plan but maintains direct land tax on all.
Bypasses Assembly of Notables and lodges them with the Parlement of Paris 2 July 1787.
‘Without the consent of the people, the Parlement would not consent to registration of the edicts.’ Fenwick and Anderson P.38

17. Financial Collapse - Bankruptcy
Louis had ‘enough money for the government to function for one afternoon’ (Schama cited in Fenwick and Anderson, P. 41.)
Massive Hailstorm on July
Louis officially calling for the Estates General for 1 May 1789.
Brienne describes Necker as ‘the only man I know who can restore the confidence of the people’. Fenwick and Anderson P.41.

18. Estates General – Pamphlet War
5 December 1788: King announces doubling of the third estate deputies
Cahiers (grievences)
Abbe Sieyes ‘What is the Third Estate?’.
Usefulness in society had been misunderstood. Third estate seen as nothing, but they should be seen as ‘everything’.
‘What is the Third Estate? Everything
What had it been before in the political order? Nothing
What does it demand? To become something therein.’ Sieyes cited in Fenwick and Anderson P. 44
‘A law not made by the people is no law at all.’ Sieyes cited in Fenwick and Anderson P.45.

19. Estates General – National Assembly
13 June 1789: 3 members of the clergy join the Third Estate.
17 June 1789 the National Assembly.
Louis in mourning. Death of son.
‘The Dauphin’s funeral was said to have cost 600k livres.’ Fenwick and Anderson P.77

20. Tennis Court today….

21. Salle du Jeu de Paume

22. Rising Tensions in Paris
26 June and 1 July 1789: Troops loyal to Louis enter Paris
10 July: Louis refuses to remove troops from Paris
11 July: Necker is dismissed
Sunday 12 July: Paris erupts.
Desmoulins call to arms at the Palais Royal incites looting, protesting, confrontations with army

23. Desmoulins
‘To arms, to arms and let us take the green cockade, the colour of hope…. Yes it is I who call my brothers to freedom; I would rather die than submit to servitude.’ Desmoulins cited in Schama, Citizens P.382
‘During that single night of largely unobstructed riot and demolition, Paris was lost to the Monarchy.’ Schama, Citizens P. 387
Accessed on 01/08/12

24. The attack on the Bastille (Popular Revolt)
Built on Eastern side of Paris to defend it from the English in the 14th century.
Gun powder
Symbol of Royal despotism and tyranny.

27. Fall out spreads to Provinces and Country side… (Peasant Revolt)
Fear of Brigands, foreign armies, King’s militia, were roaming the rural areas of France for retribution.
Date accessed: 01/08/12

28. 4 August 1789: The Night of Patriotic Delirium
News of disturbances delayed in reaching the Assembly.
Progressive members suggested forfeiting their feudal dues to quell uprisings.
‘a moment of patriotic drunkenness.’Schama cited in Fenwick and Anderson P.88
Accessed on 01/08/12

29. The Revolutions Exam Section A Section B Area of Study One
Area of Study Two
Section A
Choose one Revolution
Question 1 & 2
Extended response questions
20 Marks (2x10)
Question 3 a,b,c&d
Analysis task
Image or Document
20 marks (2,2,6&10)
Section B
Choose the other Revolution
Question 1 a,b,c&d
Question 2
Essay
20 marks

30. The Revolutions Exam General information:
Question Booklet and Answer Booklet separate.
Use Blue or Black pen
15 minutes reading time
2 Hours writing time
You choose to write for which Revolution for which section. Ensure this is clearly marked.
All four Revolutions will be in your question booklet.
Date: Monday November 10, 3pm. Be early!

31. Exam – Section A Question 1 & 2 (2 x 10 marks each)
Extended Response on AOS 1
Sample Question: 2011 VCAA exam
‘Using three or four points, explain how by 20 June 1789 the frustration and anger of the Third Estate deputies contributed to a revolutionary situation in France in 1789.’

32. Question 1&2 Introductory statement outlining your contention:
The frustration and anger of the Third Estate deputies at the Estates General contributed significantly to the development of a revolutionary situation in France in 1789.
3-4 paragraphs of detail that support your contention:
Unfair voting system at the Estates General
Third Estate deputies wore different clothing and met in separate meeting hall.
Locked out of meeting hall on June 20
Concluding sentence that relates to the question.
Response should have highly detailed levels of information. Dates, names, places, events.
Should sign post; ie. Firstly, secondly, thirdly etc.
Should include 2-3 small quotes.
Word range: words

33. Question 3 Analysis task on AOS 2 Image or extract
2 comprehension questions; a) and b) worth 2 marks each
2 extended responses; c) worth 6 marks
d) Worth 10 marks and requires the use of Historians views to support your response.
Total 20 marks

34. Question 3 Sample Question Louis XVI, King of France, the People
at the Tuileries,
20th June 1792.
2011 VCAA exam

35. Question 3 a) and b)
a)Identify two social classes depicted in the representation. 2 Marks
b)Identify two ways the artist has suggested the Revolution was not peaceful in Marks.
Respond directly from image/extract.
Do not elaborate
Simple responses. Only provide 2 if you are asked for 2.

36. Question 3 c)
By referring to parts of the representation, and using your own knowledge, explain the tensions that contributed to the revolutionary actions by 1792.
Write a small plan.
Introductory statement that addresses the question.
3 main points of information that form the basis of your paragraphs. Ie.
- Pressure of international war with Austria and Prussia
- Louis XVI flight to Varennes and veto in the first constitution
- Growing power of the San Cullotes and the Revolutionary Commune through June and August 1792
Paragraphs should follow the TEEL process.
Small concluding sentence that refers to question.
Lots of detail (dates, names, places, events)
Minimum 2-3 quotes supporting the information you are writing.
One reference to the extract or image.
Word length range: words approximately.

37. Question 3 d)
Evaluate to what extent the representation is a reliable depiction of the way the new society was created.
In your response, refer to different parts of the representation and to other views of the Revolution.
Make a plan
Introductory statement that addresses the question and states your contention ie. Is the image useful or not useful in understanding the tensions and conflicts.
3-4 main points of information that form the basis of your paragraphs.
Paragraphs should follow the TEEL process.
Small concluding sentence that refers to question.
Lots of detail (dates, names, places, events)
Minimum 2-3 quotes supporting the information you are writing.
One reference to the extract or image.
3 references to Historian’s views or quotes from historians. Blended in throughout your response.
Word length range: words approximately.

38. Question 3 d) – suggested answers
Intro statement outlining contention
The representation of Louis with the invaders of the Tuileries on 20 June 1792 is an unreliable depiction of how the new society was created.
3-4 Paragraphs supporting and/or opposing contention.
- No mention of reorganisation of society; removal of taxes, separation of church and state. Revisionist perspective. From ‘below’.
No mention of International War. Doyle; Revolution was caused by financial problems.
No mention of the divisions of political parties. Furet’s changing political ideas.
Does mention Louis Veto/Use of violence or fear; Schama use of Violence.
Concluding sentence that relates to question and contention.
Must use high levels of detail
2-3 quotes throughout response
One reference to the extract or image.
3 references to Historian’s views or quotes from historians.
Word length range: words approximately.

39. Bibliography
Texts:
Adcock, Michael; Analysing the French Revolution, 2nd Edition. Cambridge University Press, Port Melbourne, 2009.
Doyle, William. The Oxford History of the French Revolution. 2nd Edition. Oxford University Press, New York, 2002.
Fenwick, Jill and Anderson, Judy; Liberating France. HTAV, Melbourne, 2010.
Hibbert, Christopher. The French Revolution. Penguin Books, London, 1980.
McPhee, Peter. The French Revolution; Oxford University Press, New York, 2002.
Schama, Simon. Citizens; A Chronicle of the French Revolution. Penguin Books, London, 2004.
Images:
Photos are authors own.
Images have been sourced from Wikimedia Commons
All other images have been referenced in the presentation.
These materials are to be used for the purpose of individual study only. Some materials may be subject to copyright under the Copyright Act All reasonable attempts have been made to trace copyright holders for permission to use materials but the presenter invites anyone who believes they have copyright over items to contact him if they have any concerns.

40. Thanks for listening….
Good Luck!!!
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