2. Antarctica is Earth's southernmost continent, underlying the South Pole. About 98% of Antarctica is covered by ice is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent.

3. Antarctica is the coldest place on Earth. The coldest natural temperature ever recorded on Earth was −89.2 °C.

11. Only cold-adapted plants and animals survive there, including penguins, seals, many types of algae, and tundra vegetation. Adelie penguins were named after the wife of a French explorer in the 1830s.

12. Adelie Penguins Adelie penguins are the smallest of the Antarctic penguins. One way to distinguish them from the other penguins is by their all black head and the white ring around their eye.

13. Adelie penguins weigh about 5kg and are around 70cm tall. Their diet is mainly fish.

14. Adelies build their nests of stones on the rocky beaches of Antarctica, jealously guarding and often fighting over the best rocks. There are over 2.5 million breeding pairs living in Antarctica. They live in groups of about 10,000 birds.

17. 60% of Earth's seal population eats, sleeps, and swims in Antarctica.

20. Elephant Seal

21. Emperor penguins are the largest penguin species.