1. Lecture 4, Wednesday 9/19/12 – Sectionalism to Secession Compromise of 1850-what did it do? – [For Friday, check out the Christiana Riot and find a source about it] The Fight over Kansas – Problematic Popular Sovereignty in Action, S. Douglas & K-N Act 1854 Consequences: artificial immigration & rival governments Missouri Border Ruffians / New England Emigrant Aid Co rival territorial governments, one pro-slavery, one anti- [March/ Nov.1855] “Bleeding Kansas”- Spring 1856 – Lawrence, Pottowatomie Creek, etc. Bleeding Sumner : Preston Brooks & Charles Sumner -- [5/1856] -- “The Crime Against Kansas” Dred Scott Case – 1857 – African Americans as Citizens? -- Validity of Missouri Compromise? -- Validity of Popular Sov.? Political Manifestation of Sectional Tension on the National Level Why a Republican Victory in 1860? Pol. Backgrnd.– rise of new parties/end 2 nd party syst. Trouble for the Democrats in the 1850s Stephen Douglas’s complicated road to a presidential nomination Kansas-Nebraska 1856 Freeport Doctrine [Freeport, IL] – 1858 -- llinois’s Senatorial election Envisioning Extremists at the Gate John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry, VA [1859] 1860 election campaign – four candidates

2. Response to Lincoln’s election Secession – Lower South Secessionists – who were they? The Legality of Secession? Fort Sumter -- “Star of the West” Creation of the Confederacy – February 1861/ Montgomery, AL/ moderates in command

4. Stephen Douglas -- IL Senator Pop. Sovereignty  Kansas-Nebraska Act - 1854 How can I grow in stature as a politician? …would a big railroad help?

7. Stephen Douglas IL Senator – Head of Senate Committee on Territories Popular Sovereignty Kansas-Nebraska Act “If we will only act conscientiously and rigidly upon this great principle of popular sovereignty, which guarantees to each State and Territory the right to do as it pleases on all things, local and domestic, instead of Congress interfering, we will continue at peace one with another... Under that principle we have become, from a feeble nation, the most powerful on the face of the earth, and if we only adhere to that principle, we can go forward increasing in territory, in power, in strength and in glory until the Republic of America shall be the North Star that shall guide the friends of freedom throughout the civilized world.”– Senator Stephen Douglas,1858

10. John Brown

11. Lecture 4, Wednesday 9/19/12 – Sectionalism to Secession Compromise of 1850-what did it do? – [For Friday, check out the Christiana Riot and find a source about it] The Fight over Kansas – Problematic Popular Sovereignty in Action, S. Douglas & K-N Act 1854 Consequences: artificial immigration & rival governments Missouri Border Ruffians / New England Emigrant Aid Co rival territorial governments, one pro-slavery, one anti- [March/ Nov.1855] “Bleeding Kansas”- Spring 1856 – Lawrence, Pottowatomie Creek, etc. Bleeding Sumner : Preston Brooks & Charles Sumner -- [5/1856] -- “The Crime Against Kansas” Dred Scott Case – 1857 – African Americans as Citizens? -- Validity of Missouri Compromise? -- Validity of Popular Sov.? Political Manifestation of Sectional Tension on the National Level Why a Republican Victory in 1860? Pol. Backgrnd.– rise of new parties/end 2 nd party syst. Trouble for the Democrats in the 1850s Stephen Douglas’s complicated road to a presidential nomination Kansas-Nebraska 1856 Freeport Doctrine [Freeport, IL] – 1858 Illinois’s Senatorial election Envisioning Extremists at the Gate John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry, VA [1859] 1860 election campaign – four candidates

12. Rep. Preston Brooks [SC] Sen. Andrew Butler [SC] Sen. Charles Sumner [MA]

16. Dred Scott Case 1857 The justices addressed three questions: Could a black person be a citizen and therefore sue in federal court? Did residence in a free state make Scott free? Did Congress possess the power to prohibit slavery in a territory?

18. Lecture 4, Wednesday 9/19/12 – Sectionalism to Secession Compromise of 1850-what did it do? – [For Friday, check out the Christiana Riot and find a source about it] The Fight over Kansas – Problematic Popular Sovereignty in Action, S. Douglas & K-N Act 1854 Consequences: artificial immigration & rival governments Missouri Border Ruffians / New England Emigrant Aid Co rival territorial governments, one pro-slavery, one anti- [March/ Nov.1855] “Bleeding Kansas”- Spring 1856 – Lawrence, Pottowatomie Creek, etc. Bleeding Sumner : Preston Brooks & Charles Sumner -- [5/1856] -- “The Crime Against Kansas” Dred Scott Case – 1857 – African Americans as Citizens? -- Validity of Missouri Compromise? -- Validity of Popular Sov.? Political Manifestation of Sectional Tension on the National Level Why a Republican Victory in 1860? Pol. Backgrnd.– rise of new parties/end 2 nd party syst. Trouble for the Democrats in the 1850s Stephen Douglas’s complicated road to a presidential nomination Kansas-Nebraska 1856 Freeport Doctrine [Freeport, IL] – 1858 Illinois’s Senatorial election Envisioning Extremists at the Gate John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry, VA [1859] 1860 election campaign – four candidates

19. Lincoln-Douglas Debates 1858 Senatorial Election Freeport Doctrine – “slavery cannot exist a day or an hour anywhere unless supported by local police regulations” Interpretation: Slavery as unnatural institution, needing unnatural protection

24. Response to Lincoln’s election Secession – Lower South Secessionists – who were they? The Legality of Secession? Fort Sumter -- “Star of the West” Creation of the Confederacy – February 1861/ Montgomery, AL/ moderates in command

26. THE STEAMSHIP "STAR OF THE WEST.“ From Harper’s Weekly, January 19, 1861

29. Jefferson Davis & Alexander Stephens Confederate Leaders 1861

30. If cotton had not become the premier cash crop, would sectionalism have been a problem in the United States? If US territory had remained bound to the eastern side of the Mississippi River, would sectionalism have intensified? It Texas had remained outside of the US, would that have altered the course of events? If the US had not gone to war with Mexico, would the North and South have become so diatremically opposed to one another around one issue?