1. Opening Slide SOCIAL POLICY SEMINAR Presentation by Peter Norden, SJ Policy Director Jesuit Social Services to Department of Premier and Cabinet Melbourne, 16 December 2005

2. SD/CJ Relationship Their Inter-relationship and Impact on Public Health and Wealth CRIMINAL JUSTICE Jesuit Social Services Standing in solidarity with those in need Expressing a faith that promotes justice SOCIAL DISADVANTAGE

3. CAR Main Points Jesuit Social Services Standing in solidarity with those in need Expressing a faith that promotes justice Positive impact of social cohesion Strong correlations between disadvantage factors Poverty concentrated and entrenched in certain areas Measures social disadvantage by postcode area in Vic and New South Wales Social Disadvantage

4. CAR Disadvantage Factors Jesuit Social Services Standing in solidarity with those in need Expressing a faith that promotes justice Social Disadvantage Factors Low Birth Weight Low Work Skills Court Convictions Year 12 Incomplete Mortality Early School Leaving Disability/Sickness Allowance Low Family Income Psychiatric Hosp. Admissions Long Term Unemployment Child Neglect Unemployment Imprisonment

5. CAR Map Vic Jesuit Social Services Standing in solidarity with those in need Expressing a faith that promotes justice Social Comparison – Vic Unequal in Life Source: Vinson, T., Community, Adversity & Resilience, Jesuit Social Services, Melbourne, 2004, [Map 4] Disadvantage Degree of Disadvantage Middle range Degree of Advantage Advantage All others

6. CAR Map Melb Jesuit Social Services Standing in solidarity with those in need Expressing a faith that promotes justice Social Comparison – Melbourne Source: Vinson, T., Community, Adversity & Resilience, Jesuit Social Services, Melbourne, 2004, [Map 5] Unequal in Life Disadvantage Degree of Disadvantage Middle range Degree of Advantage Advantage All others

7. CAR Spac Comp Vic 1 Jesuit Social Services Standing in solidarity with those in need Expressing a faith that promotes justice Spatial Compression of Disadvantage Percentage of Victorian Postcode areas needed to account for 25% and 50% of instances of each form of disadvantage TO REACH 25% TO REACH 50% Imprisonment2.1 7.3 Child Neglect Long Term Unemployment 2.7 2.9 8.3 8.9 Psychiatric Hospital Admissions 3.510.6 Disability/Sickness Allowance3.611.2 Court Convictions3.911.1 Source: Vinson, T., Community, Adversity & Resilience, Jesuit Social Services, Melbourne, 2004, p. 48 N = 647

8. CAR Spac Comp Vic 2 Jesuit Social Services Standing in solidarity with those in need Expressing a faith that promotes justice Spatial Compression of Disadvantage (cont’d) TO REACH 25% TO REACH 50% Low Birth Weight3.911.6 Year 12 Incomplete3.911.8 Unemployment4.111.3 Low Work Skills4.211.6 Early School Leaving4.412.4 Low Family Income4.512.9 Mortality4.813.3 Source: Vinson, T., Community, Adversity & Resilience, Jesuit Social Services, Melbourne, 2004, p. 48 N = 647

9. CAR Social Cohesion Factors Jesuit Social Services Standing in solidarity with those in need Expressing a faith that promotes justice Social Cohesion Factors Source: Vinson, T., Community, Adversity & Resilience, Jesuit Social Services, Melbourne, 2004, p. 46 Availability of informal help Volunteering Participation in organised recreation/sports groups

10. CAR Low Inc/Imp SC comp Jesuit Social Services Standing in solidarity with those in need Expressing a faith that promotes justice Community Development Interventions Drives a Wedge in the Cycle of Disadvantage Across local populations LOW FAMILY INCOME and IMPRISONMENT are strongly connected (0.55**) Connection grows stronger (0.62) Low social cohesion with Connection significantly weakens (0.18) with High social cohesion N = 277 **Significant at.01 level Source: Vinson, T., Community, Adversity & Resilience, Jesuit Social Services, Melbourne, 2004, p. 79

11. CAR Unemp/Imp SC comp Jesuit Social Services Standing in solidarity with those in need Expressing a faith that promotes justice Across local populations UNEMPLOYMENT and IMPRISONMENT are strongly connected (0.65**) Connection grows stronger (0.75) Low social cohesion with Connection significantly weakens (0.22) with High social cohesion N = 277 Impact of Community Development Interventions (contd) Source: Vinson, T., Community, Adversity & Resilience, Jesuit Social Services, Melbourne, 2004, p. 79 **Significant at.01 level

12. CAR Early Sch/Unemp SC comp Jesuit Social Services Standing in solidarity with those in need Expressing a faith that promotes justice Across local populations EARLY SCHOOL LEAVING and UNEMPLOYMENT are strongly connected (0.64**) Connection remains strong (0.63) Low social cohesion with Connection significantly weakens (0.28) with High social cohesion N = 277 Impact of Community Development Interventions (contd) Source: Vinson, T., Community, Adversity & Resilience, Jesuit Social Services, Melbourne, 2004, p. 79 **Significant at.01 level

13. CAR Unemp/Child Neglect SC comp Jesuit Social Services Standing in solidarity with those in need Expressing a faith that promotes justice Across local populations UNEMPLOYMENT and CHILD NEGLECT are strongly connected (0.68**) Connection remains high (0.56) Low social cohesion with Connection drops (0.40) with High social cohesion N = 277 Impact of Community Development Interventions (contd) Source: Vinson, T., Community, Adversity & Resilience, Jesuit Social Services, Melbourne, 2004, p. 79 **Significant at.01 level

14. Criminal Justice Main Points Jesuit Social Services Standing in solidarity with those in need Expressing a faith that promotes justice Impact on general public Health of prisoners Custodial remand Imbalance between crime and prison rates Criminal Justice

15. Chart, crime/prison rates Jesuit Social Services Standing in solidarity with those in need Expressing a faith that promotes justice Prisoners Australia 1994 - 2004 Crime Rate Australia 1996-2003 per 100,000 population Crime rate down but Prison rate up Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics (2004), Prisoners in Australia, ABS, Cat No 4517.0, Table 16, p. 31. Source: Crime Statistics. Australian Institute of Criminology. Australian crime. Facts and figures 2004

16. Chart, increase in Remand Pop - Vic Jesuit Social Services Standing in solidarity with those in need Expressing a faith that promotes justice Increase in Remand Population - Vic

17. Remand Factors Jesuit Social Services Standing in solidarity with those in need Expressing a faith that promotes justice Other: - Lack of stable accommodation and income Institutional Factors: - increased time on remand Crime: - common offences committed by remand population Factors contributing to increase in unsentenced prison population

18. Crime and Custodial Remand in Victoria: Average annual percentage change 2001-2004 OffenceUnsentenced prisoners per 100,000 adults Total crime per 100,000 persons Percentage of remand population (2004) Murder6.28%-8.07%16.5% Kidnapping/Abduction5.76%-2.15%2.81% Unlawful Entry with Intent4.25%-9.61%16.5% Theft & related offences7.29%-8.15%5.94% Illicit Drug Offences10.4%-1.6%17.9% Robbery, Extortion, etc.-5.03%-16.15%16.83% Assault-17.45%-0.05%3.30% Sexual Assault-9.67%-1.31%7.43% Jesuit Social Services Standing in solidarity with those in need Expressing a faith that promotes justice Crime and Custodial Remand

19. Impact of Remand Jesuit Social Services Standing in solidarity with those in need Expressing a faith that promotes justice Disruption from social support networks and commitments to family Increased likelihood of guilty plea, or longer sentence Likelihood of assault Impact of Custodial Remand Deprivation of civil liberties due to remand in maximum security prisons Increased risk to health and general wellbeing

20. Financial Cost of Remand Jesuit Social Services Standing in solidarity with those in need Expressing a faith that promotes justice Financial Costs of Custodial Remand $214 million spent on Victorian prisons (2003-4) Average cost per prisoner per day = $204.10

21. High Rates of Mental Illness Jesuit Social Services Standing in solidarity with those in need Expressing a faith that promotes justice High Rates of Prisoners with Mental Illness Source: Victorian Prisoner Health Studies, DOJ, Feb 2003, p.30 & 36. 26% of prisoners met criteria for mental illness 20% met criteria for Major Depression 8% met criteria for Manic Depression (Bipolar) 7% met criteria for Schizophrenia 30% of prisoners surveyed had attempted suicide

22. High Rates of Hec C Jesuit Social Services Standing in solidarity with those in need Expressing a faith that promotes justice High Rates of Prisoners with Hepatitis C 58% of prisoners tested positive for Hep C Virus 69% of prisoners admit to injecting drugs 18.5% increase in prisoners found to be HCV carriers Source: Victorian Prisoner Health Studies, DOJ, Feb 2003, p. 90

23. Impact on Public Jesuit Social Services Standing in solidarity with those in need Expressing a faith that promotes justice Impact on General Public Increased expenditure on Vic Prison system Increased risk of Hepatitis C Infection - over 220,000 Australians already infected - 16,000 new infections each year Increased welfare payments to dependants of remand prisoners

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