1. LHE 3252 Teaching the Language of Poetry Week 2 Matthew Arnold (1822-1888)

2. 2 Matthew Arnold English poet and cultural critic Graduated from Oxford in 1848 Published 1 st book of poetry in 1849 Published 2 nd volume of poems in 1850 Become a school inspector form 1851 to 1886 Arnold toured the USA in 1883 and 1884 delivering lectures on education, democracy and Ralph Waldo Emerson.

3. Literary career begins in 1849 with the publication of The Strayed Revelle and other poems 3

4. Arnold’s Philosophy True happiness comes from within, and that people should seek within themselves for good, while being resigned in acceptance of outward things and avoiding the pointless turmoil of the world. He argues that we should not live in the believe that we shall one day inherit eternal bliss. If we are not happy on earth, we should moderate out desires rather than live in dreams of something that may never be attained 4

5. Dover Beach (1867) The sea is calm to-night. The tide is full, the moon lies fair Upon the straits;--on the French coast the light Gleams and is gone; the cliffs of England stand, Glimmering and vast, out in the tranquil bay. Come to the window, sweet is the night-air! Only, from the long line of spray Where the sea meets the moon-blanch'd land, Listen! you hear the grating roar Of pebbles which the waves draw back, and fling, At their return, up the high strand, Begin, and cease, and then again begin, With tremulous cadence slow, and bring The eternal note of sadness in. Ah, love, let us be true To one another! for the world, which seems To lie before us like a land of dreams, So various, so beautiful, so new, Hath really neither joy, nor love, nor light, Nor certitude, nor peace, nor help for pain; And we are here as on a darkling plain Swept with confused alarms of struggle and flight, Where ignorant armies clash by night. 5

6. Sophocles long ago Heard it on the Aegean, and it brought Into his mind the turbid ebb and flow Of human misery; we Find also in the sound a thought, Hearing it by this distant northern sea. The Sea of Faith Was once, too, at the full, and round earth's shore Lay like the folds of a bright girdle furl'd. But now I only hear Its melancholy, long, withdrawing roar, Retreating, to the breath Of the night-wind, down the vast edges drear And naked shingles of the world. 6

7. Ah, love, let us be true To one another! for the world, which seems To lie before us like a land of dreams, So various, so beautiful, so new, Hath really neither joy, nor love, nor light, Nor certitude, nor peace, nor help for pain; And we are here as on a darkling plain Swept with confused alarms of struggle and flight, Where ignorant armies clash by night. 7

8. Discussion Stanza 1 describes the night scene of the beach at Dover Stanza 2 the reader hears the sound of the waves and the eternal note of sadness in it Stanza 3 reflects on the good old days and its contrasting Now. Stanza 4 appeals to love as the world is described as a darkling plain that ignites confusion and resulting in ignorant armies clashing with one another. 8