1. Ecologically-Based Participatory IPM for Southeast Asia Philippine Site (PhilRice) HRapusas, GS Arida, SSantiago, BPunzal and J Ramos

2. Title of Study: Management of the common cutworm, Spodoptera litura with Sex pheromone and NPV Objective of the Study To develop a management strategy for Spodoptera litura in onion with sex pheromones for effective timing of interventions using NPV.

3. Materials and Method  Two farmers’ fields in Sto. Domingo and Guimba, Nueva Ecija.  In each field, two water-oil sex pheromone baited traps were installed 2 weeks after transplanting.  Trap catches were recorded 3 times a week and traps were cleaned whenever necessary. The synthetic pheromones were replaced after 30 days.  Number of larvae and percentage damage leaves were monitored every week on 20 randomly selected plants per plot. Yield was recorded in 1sq.m. per plot. Treatments: T1- Farmers practice T2- Spray NPV at 5 and 7 days after peak in trap catches T3- Spray NPV at 7 and 9 days after peak in trap catches T4- Spray NPV every week from 14 days after transplanting Each plot measures 4x5m, replicated four times in a randomized complete block design.

4. Catches of male S. litura moths recorded in sex pheromone baited traps. Sto. Domingo, Nueva Ecija. 2012 Onion season. Catches of male S. litura moths recorded in sex pheromone baited traps. Guimba, Nueva Ecija. 2012 Onion season.

7. Percentage of damage leaves due to S. litura recorded at diferent crop ages. Sto. Domingo, Nueva Ecija. 2012 Onion season. Percentage of damage leaves due to S. litura recorded at diferent crop ages. Guimba, Nueva Ecija. 2012 Onion season.

8. Yield of onion recorded from different treatments. Sto. Domingo, Nueva Ecija. 2012 Onion season. Yield of onion recorded from different treatments. Guimba, Nueva Ecija. 2012 Onion season.

9. Title of study: Effect of rice straw mulch on the population of weeds and natural enemies of insect pests of onion Objective To determine the impact of rice straw mulch on weed and population of beneficial organisms in onion.

15. Title of the Study: Effect of Pre- harvest Application of VAM and Trichodermasp. (CRSP isolate) on the Shelf Life of Onion Objective To evaluate the effect of using VAM and Trichoderma sp. (CRSP isolate) on the shelf life of bulb onion.

16. Research Methods Site of the study: Guimba, NuevaEcija. Onion variety used was Red Pinoy. Treatments : T1-VAM + Trichodermasp. at transplanting T2-farmers’ practice ( No VAM, No Trichoderma sp)  All treatments were treated with the same practices for insect pests and weed management. Disease incidence, disease severity and yield were collected.  After harvesting leaves were trimmed at 2 inches above the bulb. Onion bulbs were allowed to cure for a month in a ventilated area.  After curing, bulbs were placed in mesh bags with a capacity of 5kg/bag and were stored at room temperature (27 0 C).  Weight loss and occurrence of bulb rot disease were observed and recorded bi-weekly for four months.

22. Development of Alternative Storage Techniques to Prolong Storage Shelf Life of Onion Objective To develop storage techniques to reduce postharvest losses due to diseases and prolong bulb storage.

23. Research Methods  Site: Bunol, Guimba, Nueva Ecija. Red Pinoy onion variety was used in this study. Samples were harvested from the plots treated with VAM + Trichoderma sp. before transplanting (IPM plot) and from the farmers’ practice plots.  After harvesting at 90 DAT, the leaves were trimmed to 2 inches above the bulbs and allowed to cure for 2 weeks in a ventilated area.  After curing and treatment application, onion bulbs were placed in mesh bags with a capacity of 5kg/bag and were stored at room temperature (27 O C ). Treatments: T1 - Onion dusted with Trichoderma sp. + Carbaryl T2 - Onion dusted with Mancozeb + Carbaryl T3 - Onion dusted withCarbaryl alone Percentage of weight loss and bulb rots was taken and recorded bi-weekly for four months.

24. IPM Plot

25. Farmers’ practice

26. Work Plan- Year 4 Objective 1: To develop IPM knowledge with smallholder farmers producing vegetables and selected high value crops. Activity 1. Promotion of IPM technologies for the management of insect pests in rice-based vegetables. Crops: onion, garlic, eggplant, tomato, pepper, okra, bitter gourd, melon Sites: Nueva Ecija, Pangasinan, Ilocus Sur, I. Norte (Luzon), South Cotabato, Davao (Mindanao)

27. Technologies 1.Yellow sticky board traps for leaf miner 2.Blue sticky traps for thrips 3.NPV for cutworm and armyworm 4.Paecilomyces spp. for whiteflies 5.Metarhizium and Beauveria species for whiteflies and other pests 6.Weekly removal of damaged fruits and shoots for eggplant fruit shoot and fruit borer 7.Field sanitation

28. Activity 2. Promotion and utilization of IPM technologies for soil-borne diseases Crops: onion, garlic, eggplant, tomato, pepper, okra, bitter gourd, melon Sites: Nueva Ecija, Pangasinan, Ilocos Sur, I. Norte (Luzon), South Cotabato, Davao (Mindanao) Technologies 1.Vesicular arbuscular mychorrhiza (VAM) at seed sowing and transplanting 2.Trichoderma sp. (IPM CRSP isolate) 3.Bacillus spp. and other indigenous soil microorganisms 4.Field sanitation

29. Activity 3. Rice straw and stale seedbed techniques to reduce weeds and provide refuge for predators Crop: Onion Sites: Guimba, Nueva Ecija Technology: Mulching with rice straw Activity 4. Sex pheromones and NPV for the management of cutworm, Spodptera litura in onion. Crop: Onion Sites: Guimba and Talavera, Nueva Ecija Technologies: Sex pheromone and NPV

30. Objective 2. To improve the IPM communication and education leading to widespread adaptation, and impact approaches in Southeast Asia and Objective 3. To enhance the capability of smallholder farmers to produce and market high quality products for local, national and international markets. Activity 1. Dissemination of Pest Management Technologies in Rice- vegetable Cropping system 1.Development of information and extension materials 2.Short trainings, technical briefings, establishment of demo plots 3.Season-long farmers field schools (FFS) 4.Farmer educational tours 5.Farmers field days

31. Activity 2. Village level production, integration, and utilization and adoption of technologies involving microbial agents such as VAM, NPV. Trichoderma sp. and fungal pathogens for whiteflies and thrips in rice-vegetable cropping system 1.Survey, isolation and culture of fungal pathogens of whiteflies and thrips 2.Village level farmers training on mass production of microbial materials 3.Village level production of BCAs 4.Campaign for utilization and implementation 5.Production and distribution of campaign/extension materials for biological control agents

32. Activity 3. Development of a Vegetable Disease Diagnostic Kit (VDDK) for farmers 1.VDDK is in its final draft 2.Pre-testing of the kit- evaluation of farmers and extension workers 3.Modification of the kit based on the evaluation of users 4.Mass production of the diagnostic kit