1. Fasteners Valerie Blakeslee, Pranav Harikrishnan, Hana Keller, Ben LaRoche, Kiana Peterson

2. Fasteners ●Any device used to connect two or more components ●Types: o Permanent o Separable ●A 747-400 has six million parts, half of which are fasteners (gasp!)

3. Definition of Terms Torque: A twisting force Tension: A pulling force Lubricant: Either a solid or a liquid which assists in decreasing friction force between two objects

4. Lab Objective Compare the effect of various nuts and lubricants on the torque at different tensions

5. Materials and Tools Used ●Transducer and transducer cell ●Torque wrench ●Socket wrench ●Nut materials: o Molybdenum Disulfide (like Graphite) o Silver Plated Steel (Higher Temps.)

6. Materials and Tools Used ●Bolt Material: Passivated Steel ●Lubricants: o Mobilgrease 33 (Standard Grease) o Cor-Ban 027L (Corrosion Inhibiting, nontoxic, non drying, wide temperature range) o Never Seez (Corrosion Inhibiting, does not seize up in extreme temperatures) o Braycote 601EF (nontoxic, nonflammable, hostile environmental or chemical conditions)

7. Procedure 1.Calibrate the transducer 2.Use a caliper to determine how many spacers are needed 3.Put the spacers and the transducer cell on the bolt 4.Slide the bolt through the metal blocks (assembly) 5.Add a washer on the end of the bolt on the other side of the metal blocks 6.Tighten the Molybdenum Disulfide nut onto the end of the bolt with a wrench until the tension reading increases slightly

8. Procedure 7.Zero out the torque wrench and use it to slowly turn the nut clockwise 8.Stop when the tension value is roughly at 1000 9.Record the tension value and the torque value 10.Repeat steps 7-9 with tension values of 2000, 3000 and 4000 11.Remove the nut with a wrench and dispose of the nut and washer at the end of the bolt 12.Remove the bolt and dispose it

9. Procedure 13.Repeat steps 3-12 twice for trials 2 and 3 14.Repeat experiment with a dry silver plated nut 15.Repeat experiment until step 11 with threads coated with Mobilgrease (applied between steps 5 and 6) 16.Remove grease with solvent before removing the bolt and continue with steps 12 and 13 17.Repeat experiment with: a.Cor-Ban 027L lubricant b.Never Seez Pure Nickel Special lubricant c.Braycote 601EF Grease

10. Results

12. Sources of Error ●Lack of accuracy with torque tester and improper use ○600 lbs/inch torque wrench: + or - 10 lbs/inch ○150 lb/inch torque wrench: + or - 2.5 lbs/inch ●Excessive lubricant on bolt/washers ○Improper cleaning of bolt ○Leaving excess while applying lubricant

13. Improvements to the Lab ●Ultrasonic transducer bolts o Length is proportional to torque ●One of a kind machine (Torque/Angle Transducer) -Schatz o same concept as transducer with separate cell, all included in one machine to improve efficiency

14. Significance Fasteners are in many complex products (like Boeing Planes) Know relationships between nuts and bolts with different lubricants Bolt must be torqued correctly for fastening (30-50% of max capability)

15. A Special Thank You To Bernard Roberts Rebecca E. Ahem Boeing Brian Fan Davis Tran David Starkebaum Garlic Jim’s Pizza