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Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material Supervisors Training Course
Version One 2006
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Course Administration
Emergency procedures Facilities: first aid, prayers, refreshments, toilet Documentation: course roster, HSE passport Restrictions: smoking, telephones and pagers Introduction: name, company, position and expectations of the course Version One 2006
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Course Aims Aims of the course are to provide knowledge and understanding of: basic radiation (NORM) theory where NORM can be found personal hygiene and health risks system of work procedures to control NORM risk and use and checking of PPE Version One 2006
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Course Aims (Continued)
PDO procedures roles of personnel supervision of NORM jobs as agreed by CRFP duties and actions of RPT use of monitoring equipment by RPT radiation and contamination level assessments registering and recording NORM survey results Version One 2006
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Course Objectives On completion of the course attendees will be able to: explain NORM theory describe where NORM can be found explain NORM health, environment and reputation risks describe NORM control measures describe RPT actions in undertaking a contamination survey interpret information recorded and reported of NORM in the field complete supervisors section of NORM survey report form Version One 2006
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Radiation Sources in PDO
Industrial radiography Installed gauges Portable gauging equipment Well logging Radio tracers NORM Version One 2006
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Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material
What is NORM? Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material Version One 2006
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Radiation NORM decay and emit: Alpha particles (α)
Beta particles (β) and Gamma rays (y) Version One 2006
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Radiation Alpha Beta Gamma Version One 2006
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Enclosed Equipment Gamma radiation High energy
Can penetrate piping where scales deposit External Risk Version One 2006
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Open Equipment Alpha / Beta particles: inhaled ingested
absorbed into cuts Internal risk Version One 2006
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Health Risk NORM radiation Low gamma radiation risk
Major risk inhalation and ingestion of scale/debris Alpha / Beta particles can damage internal cells May lead to lung or bone cancer Version One 2006
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Where to Find NORM Fixed Scales Sludge Salts
Assume all fluid bearing systems are NORM contaminated until proven otherwise If in doubt ask the PDO Production Supervisor Version One 2006
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Scale Tubulars Valves Version One 2006
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Sludge Sludge stored in pits Sludge mixed with sand and land farmed
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Evaporation Pond Version One 2006
As the water evaporates the NORM are left at active salts. Al-Noor evaporation pond Version One 2006
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Separators and Tanks Version One 2006
Monitoring for NORM under a Separator in Al-Noor Version One 2006
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Water Leaks Version One 2006
Water leaks and sampling points over time can lead to active salts forming on the ground Version One 2006
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Job Types at Risk Who is exposed: production operatives
production maintenance tank, vessel, separator cleaning hoist and rig crews pigging crews sludge farm operatives A risk assessment (HRA) should be conducted for each job to determine which workers are at risk. Version One 2006
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NORM Specification SP 1170 Management of NORM system of work (PTW)
exposure limits monitoring transportation storage PPE Templates / Records Version One 2006
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Managing NORM Risk NORM management flow chart: PTW Identify Assess
Vessel inspection Before entry monitor NORM Identify Is external radiation and or surface contamination greater than clean area level Normal Working procedure Assess *Classify area Continue monitoring * Implement appropriate safe working procedures Compile NORM Monitoring data Control & Recovery Is there solid waste Specific activity analysis All solid waste stored in labelled drums/containers Version One 2006
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Permit to Work Permit to Work: When opening production equipment
Request NORM Survey as part of the PtW OR Verify surveys or maps that facility is: NORM free, NORM Suspected NORM Contaminated Check with Production Operator Version One 2006
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Fahud NORM Map NORM Contamination: NORM Suspected: NORM Free:
SHIBKAN FAHUD WEST NAHAD .B.S NATIH B C D NORM Contamination: NORM Suspected: NORM Free: NORM Contamination: > 5CPS abg ( > 10 cps) NORM Suspected: Minor NORM ( < 10 cps) NORM Free: Background levels (2 - 3 cps) E A NATIH – BG (2-3 cps) MLPS (Fahud A) - BG Fahud E V 515 Inlet/Outlet Line 15 cps V-508 Inlet/Outlet line 15 cps Fahud D FN cps V cps V cps Shipping line from P cps Fahud C – BG Fahud B – BG Version One 2006
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NORM Survey NORM Survey Version One 2006
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NORM Survey Report Form
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NORM Guidelines Procedures for specific NORM tasks:
“How to do” documents tank and separator cleaning pigging transportation sampling well workovers / servicing Others available Version One 2006
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Controlling NORM Plan the job Conduct tool box talk
Create a supervised area Follow procedures / guidelines Provide appropriate PPE Prevent airborne dust Provide polyethylene lining and containers Contain debris in one area Encapsulate equipment at open ends Version One 2006
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NORM PPE Appropriate PPE: P3 disposable respirator
disposable coveralls impermeable rubber gloves safety glasses steelcap boots Note: PPE should washed or wiped clean and disposed as normal Do not send to Bahja Version One 2006
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Personal Hygiene If working with NORM equipment:
do not eat or drink in cordoned area do not apply barrier cream or lip balm Dress cuts and abrasions Wash hands and face before eating, drinking or smoking Version One 2006
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NORM Monitoring Conducted by trained personnel
Before commencement of work Using NORM Record Form Attach NORM Record to PtW Version One 2006
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NORM Meters PDO Assets must have: Mini 900 with 44A probe
Mini 900 with EP15 Probe 3. Graetz X5 Cex Dose Meter Specific Operations e.g. hoists Version One 2006
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Mini 900 with 44A probe Basic contamination Meter
Reads in counts per second (cps) Tests + / - for NORM Sensitive for gamma radiation Used to measure external contamination before opening Used to measure internally once opened Not intrinsically safe Version One 2006
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Mini 900 with EP15 probe Contamination Meter
reads in counts per second (cps) Detects Alpha (α) and Beta (β) Used to measure external contamination e.g. esp’s, tubulars and LNG equipment Fragile, not intrinsically safe Version One 2006
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Graetz Dose Meter Reads in microsieverts/hr (µSv/hr)
Used if Mini 900/44A > 100 cps E.g. tank & separator cleaning If dose > 2.5 uSv/hr = Supervised Area If dose > 7.5 uSv/hr = Controlled Area Intrinsically safe Version One 2006
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Contamination Monitoring
Mini 900 with 44A prove background radiation counts per second (cps) readings > 5 cps above background = NORM implement NORM Procedures (Guidelines) Version One 2006
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Contamination Monitoring
Tells us if NORM is there (Yes or No) < 5 cps abg No NORM No controls > 5 cps abg NORM PPE if opening > 100 cps Monitor dose Version One 2006
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Dose Dose - signifies the harmfulness of the radiation
Higher dose = greater health risk < 1 uSv/hr Minimal external risk > 1 uSv/hr Risk increases Keep records > 2.5 uSv/hr Supervised Areas Restrict access > 7.5 uSv/hr Controlled Areas Only radiation workers in these areas Version One 2006
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Labelling & Placarding
Yellow/black stickers Tubulars, pumps, pipes NORM Placards Wells Manifolds Areas Version One 2006
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Storage Drum sludge or pigging debris
Wrap in heavy duty plastic (0.2 mm) Use NORM Tape Drum sludge or pigging debris Note: Sludge can be taken to sludge farm area if large amounts. Don’t need to use drums if large amounts. Skips may be useful. Version One 2006
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Storage End cap all tubulars
Plastic wrap exterior contaminated tubulars Version One 2006
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Completing NORM Work On work completion: complete record form
send sample for laboratory analysis decontaminate everyone leaving site check site for contamination take down barriers Version One 2006
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Recording NORM Data SP 1170 - Appendix A job details
monitoring details (cps) or (µSv/hr) supervised & controlled areas exposure log (µSv/hr) Signatures If daily dose exposure > 8 µSv per day keep permanent record perform risk assessment on Job type Version One 2006
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Transport of NORM Originator completes: Appendix B of SP 1170
Despatch Section of Appendix C Gives Appendix B to Transport Contractor Transport Contractor completes: Appendix C of SP 1170 Gives Forms to Bahja NORM Yard Operator Version One 2006
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Transporting NORM Recording NORM:
measure radiation emitted & record findings identify & label contaminated equipment create & maintain records advise asset of results & contaminated equipment inventory contaminated equipment transport to PDO Bahja NORM Yard Version One 2006
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NORM Movements Recording movement:
transported as class 7 dangerous good label equipment & placard truck measure drivers exposure dose check vehicle prior to leaving transport to the Bahja NORM Yard provide yard operator with records (Appendix B & C) Version One 2006
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NORM Training NORM training:
awareness training for all personnel exposed to NORM in the workplace supervisor training for all personnel responsible for issue of permits to work or supervise workers exposed to NORM Version One 2006
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NORM Summary: assume all fluid bearing systems contaminated until proven clean refer to PDO Production Supervisor to identify NORM areas follow SP 1170 and SP 1009 implement NORM guidelines test ALL systems at first breach and regularly as new surfaces encountered record all results including zero readings wear appropriate PPE transport contaminated material to storage facility Version One 2006
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Mini 900 with 44A probe Externally Around bends 5 cps abg = NORM
Internally Turbulent areas 5 cps abg = NORM Version One 2006
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