1. Introduction Treatment of metastatic prostate cancer with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is effective, but can be associated with debilitating side effects. Oligometastasis describes a state of limited metastatic capacity (Weichselbaum 2011). This may represent an intermediate disease state that is amenable to aggressive local therapy, allowing deferral of ADT. In practice oligometastasis usually refers to five or fewer metastases. These early metastatic lesions may seed further metastases. Therefore, eradication of oligometastases may alter the progression of disease and potentially offer cure in select cases. Surgery or radiation therapy are the two treatment options in this setting. Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is relatively non-invasive. It delivers an ablative dose of radiotherapy to target tissues, minimising scatter to adjacent structures. Early evidence in other cancers suggests SBRT is a safe and effective treatment for oligometastatic disease (Tree 2013). Conclusions This promising early data suggests that SBRT has the potential to safely control oligometastatic prostate cancer in the short term, and may delay the need for ADT and its associated side effects. Longer follow-up and prospective controlled trials are warranted. Results Methods A retrospective review was undertaken of all men with oligometastatic prostate cancer (≤5 sites of metastasis), treated with SBRT by one clinician (PB) from Dec 2007 to Dec 2013. Outcomes included effectiveness and safety of SBRT. Efficacy was measured by ADT use and biochemical response (PSA). Biochemical failure was defined as two consecutive PSA rises, a single PSA rise >50% of pre-SBRT level, or no absolute reduction in PSA. Cases studies were also undertaken of two men with complete biochemical response to SBRT. Results reported are median and range unless otherwise stated. Aim To evaluate the effectiveness of SBRT in oligometastatic prostate cancer. References Tree, A. et al. Stereotactic body radiotherapy for oligometastases. Lancet Oncology 2013; 14, e28–e37 Weichselbaum, R.R. & Hellman, S. Oligometastases revisited. Nature reviews. Clinical oncology 2011; 8(6), 378–382 Fairleigh Reeves 1, Patrick Bowden 2, Anthony Costello 1,2 1 The Royal Melbourne Hospital; 2 Epworth Hospital Richmond, Australia Stereotactic body radiotherapy in the treatment of oligometastatic prostate cancer: early results Results Patient Characteristics Primary Cancer PSA ug/L9.1 (2.4- 96) Gleason8 (6-9) Stage T1c T2a T2c T3a T3b 6% 17% 34% 37% Primary Rx RP RP + RT RT 32% 46% 22% SBRT Age69y (50- 80) Time to SBRT from 1° Rx 39months (6wk-13y) ADT status Naïve *Use(d) CRPC 62% 14% 24% Symptomatic15% Lesion type Bone Node Both 59% 37% 5% Number sites 1 2 4 0r 5 71% 22% 7% Treatment details LesionGrayFraction Overall36.84 (12-70)10 (1-35) Lymph Node35.5 (18-70)5 (3-35) Bone40 (12-50)10 (1-20) Case 1 – 62yo March 2010 RARP (Gleason 8, PSA 6.5, staging negative) Post-op PSA <0.01ug/L  increased to 0.21 (Oct 2011) December 2011 Salvage prostate bed radiotherapy Feb 2013 Ongoing PSA rise to 7.1 with back pain Bone scan  solitary lumbar vertebral metastasis March 2013 SBRT to lumbar metastasis Follow-up PSA 0.35 (6wk), 0.091 (8months) Remains ADT free Case 2 – 58yo August 2007 RARP (Gleason 7, PSA 39, staging negative) Oct 2007 Post-op PSA 43.3ug/L, back pain Bone scan  solitary lumbar vertebral metastasis December 2007 High dose RT to lumbar lesion + ADT August 2008 PSA <0.01  Intermittent ADT April 2012 PSA rise to 8.5 (HORMONE REFRACTORY) Bone scan  new acetabular metastasis no uptake in previously treated lesion May 2012 High dose RTto acetabular metastasis Feb 2013 ADT ceased Aug 2013 PSA 0.038 off ADT (S.Testosterone 7.4nmol/L) 41 treatments in 37 men Median follow-up 5 months (6wkto 4.3y) Metastases were detected on Bone Scan, CT, PET or MRI *Use(d) = current/previous ADT excluding CRPC and neoadjuvant/adjuvant ADT only Initial PSA follow-up in all patients ADT statusPre-SBRT6/52 review Overall7 (<0.01 – 81.51)4.9 (<0.01 – 60) Naïve6.65 (0.75 – 43)4.8 (0.217 – 60) *Use(d)18.7 (<0.01 – 81.51)6.74 (<0.01 – 59.1) CRPC10 (4 – 72)4.5 (0.02 – 27.5) Clinical Outcomes All patients with >1 follow-up PSA (n=31) 42% Biochemical response 13% Biochemical failure not requiring treatment 45% Biochemical failure requiring SBRT, ADT or chemotherapy ADT naïve patients (n=23) 16 PSA response  remain ADT free 4 started ADT (6wk – 6m post SBRT) 3 required further SBRT 1 started ADT (6m post SBRT) 2 remain ADT free Overall 78% remain ADT free at 5 months (median) Symptomatic patients (n=6): 83% had resolution of their pain Acute toxicity (all patients) 61% no toxicity 31.7% minor side effects not requiring treatment (Grade1) 7.3% nausea or diarrhoea requiring medication (Grade2) Case 2 2007 Case 3 2012 Case 1 2013