1. A worker in China takes a rest on bed of plastic bottles at a recycling center in Jiaxing, Zhejiang province, China, on November 6, 2011 http://www.theatla ntic.com/infocus/20 11/11/recycling- around-the- world/100186 /. A LOOK AT OUR FUTURE ?

2. Recycling – Across the Planet Dr. F. Kessler 9 October 2014 INTRODUCTION TO CARTOGRAPHY --- GEOG. 310

3.  Leachate -- water percolates through a solid leaching out some of the components  Use of resources --- for new products & recycling processes  Industry --- jobs, income, etc.  Environment  Materials --- glass, paper and newsprint, cardboard, steel, aluminum, copper, iron, plastics, electronics, rubber (tires), organic waste, batteries (ex. NiCad containing nickel and cadmium), gold, silver, Freon, aggregates and concrete, asphalt and tarmac, bricks, ink jet printer cartridges, paint, textiles, mine chat waste, ship salvage, cars (all parts), pesticides, herbicides, fertilizers, and possibly other materials.  Landfills FYI --- If the links require a password or state an issue with security, please copy and paste the link. Some of the links are slow, patience please. TERMS TO CONSIDER

4. For a look at recycling world wide with a variety of options and how the United States ranks go to --- Getting Wasted: Recycling Stats from Around the World http://www.care2.com/causes/getting-wasted-recycling-stats- from-around-the-world.html http://www.care2.com/causes/getting-wasted-recycling-stats- from-around-the-world.html Global Trade in Electronic Waste http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/ghana804/map/map.html http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/ghana804/map/map.html Lead acid batteries from Ghana successfully recycled [in Germany. This provides a topic where collection and recycling take part in two different countries. http://www.oeko.de/en/press/press-releases/archive-press- releases/2014/lead-acid-batteries-from-ghana-successfully- recycled/ http://www.oeko.de/en/press/press-releases/archive-press- releases/2014/lead-acid-batteries-from-ghana-successfully- recycled/ AREAS TO USE FOR MAPPING

5. The process of re-using a given product (beyond its intended use), or producing a new product from a recyclable material. Recycling is more commonly associated with the process where old goods are re- manufactured, allowing them to be turned into new products The virtue of recycling has been appreciated for centuries. For thousands of years metal items have been recycled by melting and reforming them into new weapons or tools. It is said that the broken pieces of the Colossus of Rhodes, a statue deemed one of the seven wonders of the ancient world, were recycled for scrap. During the industrial revolution, recyclers began to form businesses and later trade associations, dealing in the collection, trade and processing of metals and paper. America's Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries (ISRI), a trade association with more than 1,400 member companies, traces its roots back to one such organization founded in 1913. In the 1930s many people survived the Great Depression by peddling scraps of metal, rags and other items. In those days reuse and recycling were often economic necessities. Recycling also played an important role during the second world war, when scrap metal was turned into weapons. RECYCLING

6. The processes involved in dealing with the waste of humans and organisms, including minimization, handling, processing, storage, recycling, transport, and final disposal. Dictionary.com's 21 st Century Lexicon Copyright © 2003-2014 Waste management is the practice of collecting and disposing of the waste produced by human activities. For example, when a person buys a product and then disposes of its plastic packaging, that packaging becomes waste. Once waste is introduced into an environment, it can produce many harmful effects, such as the spread of disease. Waste management is vital to the healthy functioning of a society. Throughout history, sanitation issues have been to blame for disease outbreaks and epidemics in most populated regions of the world. Improper waste management has negative affects on individual health, and similarly it also negatively impacts environmental health. Positive waste management systems, however, can prevent the negative impacts waste has on the environment. Recycling, or reusing materials that have already been used once, is an environmentally friendly way of utilizing waste. Using the gas that decomposing organic materials give off in landfills as a source of energy is another possible way for waste management to function in a green way. http://www.ecomii.com/ecopedia/waste-management WASTE MANAGEMENT

7. What a waste: A Global Review of Solid Waste Management provides background, statistics on a large number of areas, comparisons among countries, and various components of waste management http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTURBANDEVELOPMENT/0,,contentMDK:23172887~pagePK:210058~piPK:210062~theSitePK:337178,00.html Waste management: Fact sheet http://www.gdrc.org/uem/waste/waste- factsheet.htmlhttp://www.gdrc.org/uem/waste/waste- factsheet.html Rising prosperity and the increasing urbanisation of the world population could lead to a doubling in the volume of municipal solid waste (MSW) created annually by 2025, according to new research conducted by the World Watch Institute - an independent research organisation dedicated to global environmental concerns. http://www.waste-management- world.com/articles/2012/07/global-municipal-solid-waste-to-double-by- 2025.htmlhttp://www.waste-management- world.com/articles/2012/07/global-municipal-solid-waste-to-double-by- 2025.html Waste Management and recycling in Asia provides an overview of the issues and industry http://www.reventurepark.com/uploads/1_CWR_ART_11.pdfhttp://www.reventurepark.com/uploads/1_CWR_ART_11.pdf GLOBAL WASTE MANAGEMENT

8. Graphs and data for plastics http://www.container- recycling.org/index.php/plastic-datahttp://www.container- recycling.org/index.php/plastic-data PET is polyethylene terephthalate. PET is the plastic labeled with the #1 code. Many beverages, food items and other consumer products are delivered in bottles or packages made from PET. The #1 code is usually found on or near the bottom of the container. Used to make new bottles, recycled PET can also be made into fiber for carpets; fabric for t-shirts or fleece jackets; fiberfill for sleeping bags, winter coats, and dog beds; industrial strapping; sheet and thermoformed (clam shell) packaging; and automotive parts such as headliners, bumpers, and door panels. PLASTICS

9. Statistics and information about the issue of plastics and recycling in Australia http://www.cleanup.org.au/au/Campaigns/plastic-bag- facts.html http://www.cleanup.org.au/au/Campaigns/plastic-bag- facts.html Clean Up – Plastic bag usage around the world http://www.cleanup.org.au/PDF/au/cua_plastic_bag_usage_ar ound_world_april_2010.pdf Bottled water: Pouring resources down the drain http://www.container-recycling.org/index.php/issues/bottled- water/276-bottled-water-pouring-resources-down-the-drain- http://www.container-recycling.org/index.php/issues/bottled- water/276-bottled-water-pouring-resources-down-the-drain- UBIQUITOUS PLASTICS

10. Electronic trash contains an enormous amount of toxic materials. Facts and figures on e-waste and recycling Facts and figures http://www.electronicstakeback.com/wp- content/uploads/Facts_and_Figures_on_EWaste_and_Recyclin g.pdfFacts and figures http://www.electronicstakeback.com/wp- content/uploads/Facts_and_Figures_on_EWaste_and_Recyclin g.pdf Statistics on the management of used & end-of-life electronics http://www.epa.gov/osw/conserve/materials/ecycling/manag e.htm Cell phones -- next to computers &monitors, cell phones are becoming one of the leading sources of electronic trash http://www.benefits-of-recycling.com/recyclingcellphones/ http://www.benefits-of-recycling.com/recyclingcellphones/ ELECTRONICS --- E WASTE

11. Confederation of European Paper Industries Key statistics are included for 2013 which include recycling data begins on page 19. You may want to review earlier data for background. http://www.cepi.org/system/files/public/documents/publicatio ns/statistics/2014/Final%20Key%20statistics%202013.pdf http://www.cepi.org/system/files/public/documents/publicatio ns/statistics/2014/Final%20Key%20statistics%202013.pdf European Recovered Paper Council includes the European Declaration on Paper Recycling for 2011 – 2015. Using the Paper Monitoring Recycling Report, you will get an overview of the industry as well as a map of countries and the organization that provides data. http://www.forestindustries.fi/mediabank/882.pdf http://www.forestindustries.fi/mediabank/882.pdf PAPER RECYCLING

12. Bureau of International Recycling. The Ferrous metals (steel) and Paper provides excellent statistics. Other areas indicated password protection. The web site still provides an overview. http://www.bir.org/industry/ferrous-metals/ http://www.bir.org/industry/ferrous-metals/ Bureau of International Recycling Annual Report 2013 has some data but gives an excellent overview of the industry http://www.bir.org/assets/Documents/publications/Annual- Reports/BIR-AnnualReport2013-V07.pdf http://www.bir.org/assets/Documents/publications/Annual- Reports/BIR-AnnualReport2013-V07.pdf Eurostat Data Point to Recycling Increase http://www.recyclinginternational.com/recycling- news/6178/research-and-legislation/europe/eurostat-data-point- recycling-increase http://www.recyclinginternational.com/recycling- news/6178/research-and-legislation/europe/eurostat-data-point- recycling-increase Scientists: Origins of Ocean Plastics Can be Traced http://www.recyclinginternational.com/recycling- news/8146/research-and-legislation/australia/scientists-origins- ocean-plastics-can-be-traced http://www.recyclinginternational.com/recycling- news/8146/research-and-legislation/australia/scientists-origins- ocean-plastics-can-be-traced INTERNATIONAL RECYCLING

13. Chemicals and hazardous waste: Three conventions convene in Geneva. This site provides information about international laws and participants. http://www.bafu.admin.ch/dokumentation/medieninformation /00962/index.html?lang=en&esgi-id=48429 http://www.bafu.admin.ch/dokumentation/medieninformation /00962/index.html?lang=en&esgi-id=48429 Basel Agreement on the control of transboundary movements and hazardous wastes and their disposal. Provides background information. http://legal.un.org/avl/ha/bcctmhwd/bcctmhwd.html http://legal.un.org/avl/ha/bcctmhwd/bcctmhwd.html Geo-Mexico, the geography and dynamics of modern Mexico includes information on a new bio-energy project in Monterrey which will reduce emissions by the equivalent of a million tons of CO2. The World Bank is helping to finance the project. http://geo-exico.com/?tag=recycling http://geo-exico.com/?tag=recycling MORE – INTERNATIONAL RECYCLING

14. “Assessment of the Recycling Potential of Aluminum in Japan, the United States, Europe and China” from Materials Transactions, Vol. 50 #3, (2009), pp. 650 -656. Gives insight into the increase of aluminum usage and the subsequent need for recycling. Note the references at the end of the article. https://www.jim.or.jp/journal/e/pdf3/50/03/650.pdf https://www.jim.or.jp/journal/e/pdf3/50/03/650.pdf Highest recycling rates in Austria and Germany – but UK and Ireland show fastest increase contains data/statistics for individual country reports http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/managing-municipal- solid-waste http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/managing-municipal- solid-waste INTERNATIONAL RECYCLING – STILL MORE

15. The Himalayas and trash http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/environment/develo pmental-issues/Mountain-of-trash-may-be-driving-Himalayas- to-disaster/articleshow/41913815.cms?prtpage=1 http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/environment/develo pmental-issues/Mountain-of-trash-may-be-driving-Himalayas- to-disaster/articleshow/41913815.cms?prtpage=1 India and plastics http://www.plasticsnews.com/article/20130501/news/13050999 8/india-reports-plastic-waste-and-recycling-statistics# http://www.plasticsnews.com/article/20130501/news/13050999 8/india-reports-plastic-waste-and-recycling-statistics# Mumbai (Dhavari), India: A Recycling Miracle http://sustainablebusinessforum.com/sbtoolkit/73201/india-s- dharavi-recycling-slumdog-entrepreneurs and also http://sustainablebusinessforum.com/sbtoolkit/73201/india-s- dharavi-recycling-slumdog-entrepreneurs http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7354977.stm Attero ready to 'fill the gap' in India's e-cycling http://www.recyclinginternational.com/recycling-news/8145/e- scrap-and-batteries/india/attero-ready-039-fill-gap-039-india- 039-s-e-cycling INDIA & RECYCLING

16. “A Cross-Country Study of Household Waste Prevention and Recycling: Assessing the effectiveness of Policy Instruments” by Ferrara and Missios. Land Economics, November 2012, 88 (4): 710-744. “Municipal Waste Management in Sweden.” Leonidas Milios. Feb. 2013. Copenhagen Resource Institute, http://www.cri.dk/http://www.cri.dk/ Sweden is hungry for trash and has turned to Norway for an offer it would find hard to refuse, no pun intended. Sweden is asking its neighbor for trash. Sweden's success is Sweden's problem. Sweden is a model recycler. Thanks to a highly efficient waste management system in Sweden, the vast majority of this household waste can be recovered or reused http://phys.org/news/2012-10-sweden-norway-trash- lots.html#jCp http://phys.org/news/2012-10-sweden-norway-trash- lots.html#jCp SWEDEN & RECYCLING

17.  U. S. Environmental Protection Agency http://www.epa.gov/http://www.epa.gov/  Natural Resources Defense Council –Recycling http://www.nrdc.org/recycling/ http://www.nrdc.org/recycling/  National Center for Electronics Recycling www.electronicsrecycling.org/public/ www.electronicsrecycling.org/public/  Bureau of International Recycling www.bir.orgwww.bir.org  European Environmental Agency www.eea.europa.eu/www.eea.europa.eu/  For individual countries http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/managing- municipal-solid-waste http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/managing- municipal-solid-waste  United Nations Environmental Programme www.unep.orgwww.unep.org  Waste management World http://www.waste-management- world.com/index.htmlhttp://www.waste-management- world.com/index.html RESOURCES

18. These resources can be used for further research:  http://tryc2.com/e-waste-recycling/ http://tryc2.com/e-waste-recycling/  http://www.georgetowncollege.edu/georgetonian/2014/03/stud ent-explains-sustainability-initiative/ http://www.georgetowncollege.edu/georgetonian/2014/03/stud ent-explains-sustainability-initiative/  http://www.coexploration.org/howsthewater/html/body_earth.h tml http://www.coexploration.org/howsthewater/html/body_earth.h tml  http://www.clean-energy-ideas.com/energy/energy- dictionary/recycling-definition http://www.clean-energy-ideas.com/energy/energy- dictionary/recycling-definition   http://www.economist.com/node/9249262 http://www.economist.com/node/9249262  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recycling_by_product http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recycling_by_product RESOURCES

19. Ort Library home page http://www.frostburg.edu/lewis-ort- library/ Use OneSearch found on the. Remember to use the limiters found on the left of the screen.http://www.frostburg.edu/lewis-ort- library/ Geography specific subject guide will provide databases, reference materials, eBooks, and websites http://libguides.frostburg.edu/geog http://libguides.frostburg.edu/geog For the library catalog use http://www.frostburg.edu/lewis-ort- library/ and click on catalog. Remember that you can click on FSU for materials in our collection or USMAI catalog for materials within the system libraries.http://www.frostburg.edu/lewis-ort- library/ Citation information can be found at http://www.frostburg.edu/lewis-ort-library/style/ http://www.frostburg.edu/lewis-ort-library/style/ ORT LIBRARY RESOURCE

20. THE NEXT STEP – DATA & MAPPING If you have any questions, please contact: MaryJo A. Price ---- mprice@frostburg.edu 301-687-4889 Stop at the Reference Desk, floor 2 or call 301-687-4424 Use Libref or Ask a Librarian -- libref@frostburg.edu Use AskUsNow, reference chat service --- Click on link on library home page Confer with Dr. Kessler throughout the assignment for assistance including access to the PowerPoint.