1. Reclamation Planning for Energy Development Projects: Wamsutter, WY; A Case Study C. Driessen, B. Teson, D. Marshall, R. Antsotegui June 3, 2013

2. Reclamation Planning for Energy Development June 3, 2013 Outline Background Wamsutter Field Reclamation Challenges Regulatory Framework Pre-Construction Planning Components of a Reclamation Plan Case Studies Conclusions

3. Reclamation Planning for Energy Development June 3, 2013 Wamsutter Natural Gas Field

4. Reclamation Planning for Energy Development June 3, 2013 Reclamation Challenges Climate Soils Invasive species Grazing

5. Reclamation Planning for Energy Development June 3, 2013 Problem Construction process often reduces soil suitability Mixing of salts and clays into surface soils Loss of soil structure Compaction Dilution of organic matter

6. Reclamation Planning for Energy Development June 3, 2013 Solutions Pre-construction planning Determine soil quality and plant community types prior to surface disturbing activities Create a site-specific reclamation plan based on pre-construction assessment

7. Reclamation Planning for Energy Development June 3, 2013 Pre-Construction Planning Wyoming Reclamation Policy (BLM, 2009) 10 reclamation requirements for proposed disturbances Rawlins Reclamation Guidance (BLM, 2011) Describes how to meet the 10 requirements

8. Reclamation Planning for Energy Development June 3, 2013 Reclamation Plan Site description Map soils and vegetation communities Soil salvage plan Seed mix Weed management Monitoring plan

9. Reclamation Planning for Energy Development June 3, 2013 Site Description Legal description Size/shape Landowner Land use Slope/aspect Other features General observations on soil and vegetation

10. Reclamation Planning for Energy Development June 3, 2013 Soil and Vegetation Communities Strongly influenced by: Geology Topography

11. Reclamation Planning for Energy Development June 3, 2013 Correlation of Soil Chemistry and Plant Community Sagebrush, grass Suitable soils Grass, saltbush, sagebrush Slightly-Moderately Saline soils Saltbush, Grass Saline (or sodic) soils Greasewood Sodic, (or saline/sodic) Suitability for Plant Growth Abundant Moderate Minimal

12. Reclamation Planning for Energy Development June 3, 2013 Soil and Vegetation Communities Map soil/vegetation communities Within each community: −Soil samples −Species composition and cover −Ecological Site Description (ESD)

13. Reclamation Planning for Energy Development June 3, 2013 Soil/Vegetation Communities

14. Reclamation Planning for Energy Development June 3, 2013 Develop Soil Salvage Plan Division Depth (inches) Parameter pH EC (dS/m) SAR% Saturation% LimeTexture A 0-67.50.60.130.51.5 Sandy Loam 6-127.70.50.232.34.2 Sandy Loam B 0-67.64.62.657.84.9 Clay 6-127.86.34.465.46.5 Clay C 0-67.80.30.235.34.9 Silty Loam 6-127.80.30.441.810.5 Sandy Clay Loam

15. Reclamation Planning for Energy Development June 3, 2013 Develop Seed Mixes Species present Species adapted to local conditions Common NameScientific Name (Cultivar)Seeds/lb Seeding Rate (PLS lbs/acre) Seeds/ft 2 Percent of Seed Mix Bottlebrush squirreltailElymus elymoides192,0002916% Indian ricegrassAchnatherum hymenoides161,9202714% Sandberg bluegrassPoa secunda1,046,9600.3713% Slender wheatgrassElymus trachycaulus154,0002713% Thickspike wheatgrassElymus lanceolatum154,0001.5510% Scarlet globemallowSphaeralcea coccinea500,0000.458% Green rabbitbrushChrysothamnus vicidiflorus782,0000.5916% WinterfatKrascheninnikovia lanata56,7004510% Total1355100%

16. Reclamation Planning for Energy Development June 3, 2013 Monitoring and Weed Management Monitoring schedule Reporting Weed management: −Prevention −Monitoring −Control −Reporting

17. Reclamation Planning for Energy Development June 3, 2013 Case Study 1 Saltbush-grass community

18. Reclamation Planning for Energy Development June 3, 2013 Case Study 1 Division Depth (inches) Parameter pH EC (dS/m) SAR % Saturation % Lime Texture Pre- Construction A 0-67.65.651143.36.0 Clay Loam 6-127.811.002348.75.0 Clay Loam Salvage 6 inches of soil

19. Reclamation Planning for Energy Development June 3, 2013 Case Study 1 Division Depth (inches) Parameter pH EC (dS/m) SAR % Saturation % Lime Texture Pre- Construction A 0-67.65.651143.36.0 Clay Loam 6-127.811.002348.75.0 Clay Loam Post- Construction All0-67.85.27.237.15.4 Sandy Clay

20. Reclamation Planning for Energy Development June 3, 2013 Case Study 2 Sagebrush (A) and saltbush-grass (B) communities

21. Reclamation Planning for Energy Development June 3, 2013 Case Study 2 Division Depth (inches) Parameter pH EC (dS/m) SAR % Saturation % LimeTexture Pre- Construction A 0-67.91.008.648.05.0 Clay Loam 6-128.04.136.651.15.0 Clay Loam B 0-67.15.068.550.43.0 Clay Loam 6-127.410.4022.064.33.0 Clay Salvage 12 inches in sagebrush community (A) Salvage 6 inches in saltbush-grass community (B)

22. Reclamation Planning for Energy Development June 3, 2013 Case Study 2 Division Depth (inches) Parameter pH EC (dS/m) SAR % Saturation % LimeTexture Pre- Construction A 0-67.91.008.648.05.0 Clay Loam 6-128.04.136.651.15.0 Clay Loam B 0-67.15.068.550.43.0 Clay Loam 6-127.410.4022.064.33.0 Clay Post- Construction All0-67.81.711.149.19.4 Clay

23. Reclamation Planning for Energy Development June 3, 2013 Conclusions Over 150 pre-construction assessments completed Few proposed well pads have been built and reclaimed Proper soil salvage maximizes suitable material for reclamation Communication of soil salvage plan

24. Reclamation Planning for Energy Development June 3, 2013 Conclusions Effective Pre-construction Planning… Maximizes suitable material Reduces mixing Reduced need for soil amendments Leads to faster revegetation