1. 1212 Sharing Design Knowledge in the Building and Construction Industry Dr.ir. Jos van Leeuwen Associate Professor Design Systems Group Department of Building and Architecture Eindhoven University of Technology The Netherlands

2. 1212 Program of this presentation 1.Eindhoven University of Technology Dep. of Building and Architecture 2.Design Systems group 3.Collaborative Design Support 4.Discussion and Questions Jingyi Dai

3. 1212 Program of this presentation 1.Eindhoven University of Technology Dep. of Building and Architecture 2.Design Systems group 3.Collaborative Design Support 4.Discussion and Questions Jingyi Dai

4. 1212 Large parts below sea level High population density Technology oriented Oriented towards international trade No earthquakes! (but not much sun either…) The Netherlands

5. 1212 Source: TNO-Inro 1998 Building and Architecture Electro technical Engineering Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Applied Physics Technology Management Mechanical Engineering Biomedical Engineering Mathematics and Computing Science Industrial Design Employment in academic functions in industry Eindhoven University

6. 1212 Innovations in Education Increasing utilization of distant learning Intensive facilities: –Notebooks for all students (costs $200/year) –Network available all over campus including lecture-halls, studios, canteens, library, … –Off-campus: student-houses and homes of faculty www.tue.nl

7. 1212 Department of Building and Architecture Covers the whole of the construction process Research driven Design oriented Interdisciplinary Research and Education www.bwk.tue.nl Architecture Structural Design Design Systems Physical Aspects of the Built Environment Building Technology Construction Planning Urban Planning Real Estate Management

8. 1212 Program of this presentation 1.Eindhoven University of Technology Dep. of Building and Architecture 2.Design Systems group 3.Collaborative Design Support 4.Discussion and Questions

9. 1212 Design Systems group Relatively small group in the department (15 faculty and staff) Strong focus on research Central position in the department co-operations both in student work and research projects Maarten Tielemans

10. 1212 Education at Design Systems Application of ICT in design Development of ICT for design Courses and graduation in both areas Strong connection with ongoing research www.ds.arch.tue.nl Courses (throughout the undergraduate and graduate programs) Computer Aided Design Design and Presentation using ICT Urban and Architectural Design with CAD Multi Media in Design Decision Support Systems for Design and Planning Evaluation and Decision Multi-Disciplinary Design and Information Systems Collaborative Design Design System Prototyping SAR Design with CAD Models for Land Use Planning

11. 1212 Education at Design Systems Projects Urban and Architectural Design projects Software design and development projects IT management/implementation projects Facilitated in electronic Design Studio: –High-end workstations –Latest software for CAD, Visualization, and VR –Desktop-Cave (Virtual Reality Environment) www.ds.arch.tue.nl

12. 1212 Research topics at Design Systems Virtual Reality Design Information Modeling Feature-Based Modeling Interactive Design Systems VR & Web application in the Construction Industry Multi-Agent Systems Distributed Interdisciplinary Design Interactive Measurement of User Reactions www.ds.arch.tue.nl VR-DIS Virtual Reality Design Information Systems www.ds.arch.tue.nl/research/movies

13. 1212 Program of this presentation 1.Eindhoven University of Technology Dep. of Building and Architecture 2.Design Systems group 3.Collaborative Design Support 4.Discussion and Questions

14. 1212 Sharing Design Knowledge in the Building and Construction Industry  Design Knowledge  Product Modeling  Dynamic Models  Collaborative Design  Design Knowledge Servers  Application Scenarios R.T.G. van der Wijs

15. 1212 Design Knowledge ? design problem identification analysis ! design solution creativity uniqueness iterative processes Design concepts Design concepts the notion of how a type of solution can be designed

16. 1212 Structuring Design Knowledge CAD drawings Classification systems Relational databases + CAD Document Management Product Modeling Jos Harnischmacher

17. 1212 supports Cavity wall Product Modeling: Mechanisms to Abstract from Reality Generalization (vs. Specialization) ColumnWallFloorRoofBuilding Element Layer Decomposition (vs. Aggregation) Association Outer slab Cavity Insulation Inner slab has

18. 1212 Product Modeling: Integration of Information construction participants / disciplines construction detailed design brief HVACstruct.eng. phases standardization

19. 1212 Product Modeling: Types of models View Models Aspect Models Sub Models Core models International standards: ISO – STEP IAI – IFC C A B

20. 1212 Does this support design?

21. 1212  Design Thinking – a Dynamic Process Find Acquire Store Retrieve Adapt Correct Structure Restructure Define Refine Select Evaluate Compare …

22. 1212 Design Thinking – a Dynamic Process Intuitive and explorative No details in early stages Often inconsistent Evolving definitions  Design support requires a very flexible way of handling design information

23. 1212 Supporting the Design Process Allow designers to formalize their design concepts; to use their own typologies in modeling designs Give designers more freedom in modeling, restricting them as less as possible to predefinitions schema extendibility model flexibility

24. 1212 Classical approach to Product Modeling Object Orientation Conceptual core models define collections of classes for ‘all possible’ design concepts Object Class Property A Property B Property C Space Function Volume Area My Office Office 40 m 3 16 m 2

25. 1212 Classical approach to Product Modeling Domain of Software developer Domain of Designer

26. Classical approach to Product Modeling Dynamic approach to Product Modeling Feature Based Modeling 1212

27. Space Function Volume Area Space Function Volume Area Network of references between objects and properties Independence of properties No strict distinction between objects and properties Design concept represented by collection of Features Space Feature Function Feature Volume Feature Area Feature 1212 Dynamic approach to Product Modeling Feature Based Modeling

28. 1212 Designers can define new types Space Feature Function Feature Volume Feature Area Feature Dynamic approach to Product Modeling Feature Based Modeling Capacity Feature Capacity: 6 pers. Space: My Office Function: Office Volume: 40 m 3 Area: 16 m 2 And add atypical properties and relationships

29. 1212 Dynamic approach to Product Modeling Feature Based Modeling Domain of Software developer Domain of Designer Object Oriented Model defining classes of types and classes of instances schema extendibility model flexibility

30. 1212 Schema evolution: designers shape their own Concise modeling of design rationale Formalization of design knowledge A means to express (new) typologies for design concepts, products and materials, A range of new opportunities… Frank Gehry con struction methods tools

31. 1212 Architecture and Implementation issues instantiation from the system’s point of view Class of Feature Types Class of Feature Instances Feature Type Feature Instance instantiation from the designer’s point of view = an object of a class of Feature Types = an object of a class of Feature Instances User Interface Feature data FBM Core module Application Modules User API - Object Model XML-in/out XML Schema XML doc.

32. 1212 Collaborative Design Design teams Remote offices – communication issues Shared and divided responsibilities Central and distributed repositories Information flow Consistency & validity of information Reusing design solutions Case-based reasoning

33. 1212 Collaborative Design Document management systems Shared resources Central project administration Version management Access control But NOT:  Design support

34. 1212 Design Knowledge Servers (DesKs) Objectives: Share design concepts over networks Facilitate collaboration in design projects Offer facilities for re-using knowledge

35. 1212 Design Knowledge Servers (DesKs) Implementation of: Internet-based servers of feature data Multi-user functionality Controlled access (authentication, authorization, checkout & commit mechanism) Version management, but at data level, rather than document level AI-techniques for design support (Case-Based Reasoning and Feature Type Recognition)

36. 1212 Design Knowledge Servers (DesKs) Design Knowledge standalone applications and local servers Design Knowledge Design Knowledge Design Knowledge Design Knowledge Design Knowledge peer-to-peer applications and servers Design Knowledge Design Knowledge Design Knowledge  browser access through Internet servers

37. 1212 What are the opportunities for industry? 4 Examples

38. 1212 Application scenarios for DesKs Collaborative Design Projects Sharing of design models and design knowledge in: Large scale construction projects Long term collaborations between design teams and/or construction organizations. 1

39. 1212 Application scenarios for DesKs Collaborative Design Projects Content Generic design concepts (generic feature types) Project specific concepts (specific feature types) Project description data (model with feature data) Providers Generic DesKs (standardized design information) Project designers Consumers Project designers Client of the project Project contractors and other participants DesKs services Storage and retrieval services for feature data User access management based on membership in project teams Access to standards through generic DesKs 1

40. 1212 Application scenarios for DesKs Design Knowledge Commerce 2 Making databases of design knowledge commercially available to a larger public.

41. 1212 Application scenarios for DesKs Design Knowledge Commerce Content Typologies and design case-models for a variety of design problems Design problem descriptions, related to Design solution descriptions Providers Organizations or individuals providing design services (commercially) Consumers Designers wanting to buy solutions to a (partial) design problem Organizations wanting to buy design expertise for a project Product manufacturers wanting to buy design expertise for the development of new products DesKs services Storage and retrieval services for feature data User access management based on individually acquired rights Search facilities on the basis of problem descriptions 2

42. 1212 Application scenarios for DesKs (Historical) Design Reviews 3 Review of historical or new designs represented in formalized definitions, making available the design rationale in a structured manner.

43. 1212 Application scenarios for DesKs (Historical) Design Reviews Content Typologies representing the design rationale of designs Instance models representing the particular design cases Additional descriptive data (for example review comments from design critics or alternative design solutions) Providers Design critics, design historians Consumers Design critics, design historians Practicing designers Students of schools of Engineering and Architecture DesKs services Storage and retrieval services for feature data User access management based on ownership of data Search facilities on the basis of keywords 3

44. 1212 Application scenarios for DesKs Product Databanks 4 Manufacturers providing formalized descriptions of construction materials and products, ready to use in design systems.

45. 1212 Application scenarios for DesKs Product Databanks Content Feature data describing typologies and samples of materials and products for the construction industry Providers Manufacturers Consumers Practicing designers DesKs services Storage and retrieval services for feature data User access management based on ownership of data Search facilities on the basis of keywords and on the basis of performance specifications 4

46. 1212 Architecture and Implementation issues FBM-DesKs application (server-role) FBMcore module Manager DBMS BrokerLocal UI ClientSessionServerSession Broker proxy FBM-DesKs application (client-role) FBMcore module Manager DBMS BrokerLocal UI ClientSessionServerSession Broker proxy 1 2 4 3 12 5 6 7 9 10 11 88 SOAP (HTTP+XML)

47. 1212 Program of this presentation 1.Eindhoven University of Technology Dep. of Building and Architecture 2.Design Systems group 3.Collaborative Design Support 4.Discussion and Questions