3. Waste Pipe from Bath The waste pipe from the bath should be a minimum of 40mm in diameter, it can be 50mm in diameter if there is a longer run of pipe. 40mm pipe should have a maximum length of 3 meters. 50mm pipe should have a maximum length of 4 meters. The slope or fall of the pipe should be between 18- 90mm per meter.

4. Waste Pipe from Basin The waste pipe from the basin should be a minimum of 32mm in diameter, it can be 40mm in diameter if there is a longer run of pipe. 32mm pipe should have a maximum length of 1.7 meters. 40mm pipe should have a maximum length of 3 meters. The slope or fall of the pipe should be between 18- 90mm per meter.

5. Waste Pipe from Sink The waste pipe from the sink should be a minimum of 40mm in diameter, it can be 50mm in diameter if there is a longer run of pipe. 40mm pipe should have a maximum length of 3 meters. 50mm pipe should have a maximum length of 4 meters. The slope or fall of the pipe should be between 18- 90mm per meter.

6. Soil Pipe from W/C The soil pipe from the W/C should be a minimum of 75mm in diameter, it can be 100mm in diameter if there is a longer run of pipe. The maximum distance from the W/C to the soil stack should 6.0 meters. The slope or fall of the pipe should be a minimum of 18mm per meter.

7. Long Radius Bends Bends at the base of stacks should be of long radius. Two 45° bends may be used as an alternative. The same principle should be used for offsets. The long radius bend allows the waste to flow smoothly from the vertical to the horizontal.

8. Soil Stack Cowl The soil stack cowl, this is used on top of an external soil stack. The purpose of the cowl is to stop debris entering the soil pipe and creating a blockage.

9. Air Admittance Valve An air admittance valve is used when the soil stack is internal. The valve stops unpleasant smells escaping from the sewer and entering the dwelling. An air admittance valve should not be used outside as they can freeze creating a vacuum in the pipe, effecting the way the waste is discharged.

10. Trap Traps as there name suggests are used to trap smells and noxious odours that emanate from the soil pipe and sewer. Most utilize a small amount of water to act as a seal; new water displace the trapped water as it makes its way to the waste pipe. The last of the water remains in the trap resealing it.

11. ‘P’ Trap

12. ‘S’ Trap

13. Bottle Trap

14. Low Level Bath Trap

15. Shower Tray Trap

16. Straight Through Trap

17. Self Sealing Valve

18. Strap on Boss A strap on boss is used to attach waste pipe to the soil pipe. A hole is cut into the pipe at the required location using a holesaw.holesaw The hole in cleaned; first with a half round file, then with a clean cloth preferably with some solvent. A solvent adhesive is then applied to the pipe and to the boss. The boss is then placed onto the pipe secured with the clip or screw. The boss should be left to harden before you insert the bung or pipe. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1 p9IuB3KizQhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1 p9IuB3KizQ

19. Strap on Boss Once the boss has set you can insert the correct size bung; typically 32mm or 40mm. When inserting the waste pipe ensure not to push the pipe into the soil pipe and create an obstruction. Any obstructions to the flow of waste can cause blockages.

20. Holesaw Holesaws consist of the saw and the arbour. The required size of holesaw is screwed onto the correct arbour and placed into the chuck of the drill.

21. Single Branch

22. Single Branch with Access

23. Double Branch

24. Intumescent Collar Intumescent collar is fitted to the waste pipe as it passed through the floor or wall. In the event of a fire the foam contained within the collar expands sealing the hole in the building slowing the movement of smoke.

25. Pan Connector The Pan connector as the name suggests connects the WC pan to the soil pipe. The pan connector can be straight, bent or flexible. The larger end is placed over the outlet of the pan and the smaller end is inserted into the soil pipe. As with all rubber sealed waste pipes the use of a water based lubricant is advised.

26. Macerator A macerator is used to ‘chew’ the waste into fine consistency, water is added to the waste to make it more fluid. The waste is then pumped to the soil pipe via a 32mm waste pipe. The macerator can pump the waste considerable distance, both in vertically and horizontally.

27. Macerator Macerators allow the placement of WC almost anywhere in a property, because of the small diameter pipe the pipe work is easier to install. The waste pipe should be solvent welded or copper. No 90° bends should be used as these can create restrictions and blockages. Two 45° bends should be used instead.