1. Click to proceed to next slide  Lepidoptera Spreading Techniques Presented by Vernon E. Evans 9 April 2005 Utah Lepidopterist Society Meeting

2. Click to proceed to next slide  Techniques discussed Standard groove board spreading with pins Vern’s upside down non-groove board method Magnetic groove board spreading

3. Click to proceed to next slide  But wait… First we need to… prepare the specimen.

4. Click to proceed to next slide  The injection method Take a syringe with warm water and inject it into the thorax of the specimen. Advantages Disadvantages 1. Fast way to prepare specimen for spreading. 2. Very little setup preparation needed. 3. Easy to learn. 1.Does not provide a completely relaxed specimen. 2.Sticking a syringe into a dried specimen could cause damage.

5. Click to proceed to next slide 

7. Freezer method

8. Freezer method All freshly emerged specimens and fresh field caught specimens are placed directly into the freezer to be spread soon thereafter. Remove from freezer and let specimen thaw and spread. Advantages 1.No setup required. 2.No materials needed. 3.Fast and easy. Disadvantages 1.Potential problem with spouse when they find dead bugs near their food. 2.Specimen will eventually dehydrate and another method must be used.

9. Click to proceed to next slide  Vern’s Relaxing chamber I utilize a relaxer similar to what others may use with only a few modifications for speed.

10. Click to proceed to next slide  Vern’s Relaxing chamber

11. Click to proceed to next slide  Vern’s Relaxing chamber

12. Click to proceed to next slide  Vern’s Relaxing chamber

13. Click to proceed to next slide  Differences in MY relaxer I use only water on my multiple layers of paper towels. I place my specimens directly onto the damp paper towels. Data goes on a corresponding board in the same order the specimens are in the relaxer.

14. Click to proceed to next slide  Differences in MY relaxer

15. Click to proceed to next slide  Differences in MY relaxer

16. Click to proceed to next slide  Differences in MY relaxer

17. Click to proceed to next slide  Advantages of MY relaxer Complete specimen is relaxed Because specimen is in direct contact with moist towel re-hydration occurs very quickly. Time to re-hydrate Lycaenidae20-30 minutes Papilionidae2-3 hours Saturniidae6-10 hours

18. Click to proceed to next slide  Possible disadvantages You can not leave the specimens in the relaxer too long or mold will occur. There is a possibility of the relaxer being disturbed while the specimens are in it and this would cause a problem since the data will no longer correspond with the specimen’s location in the relaxer. ** This have never happened to me.

19. Click to proceed to next slide  Now onto the specimen spreading…

20. Click to proceed to next slide  Standard groove board with pins This is the most commonly described way to spread lepidoptera. Materials needed: 1.Grooved spreading board 2.Pins 3.Paper strips 4.Don’t forget the Specimen.

21. Click to proceed to next slide  Standard groove board with pins This is the most commonly described way to spread lepidoptera. Materials needed: 1.Grooved spreading board 2.Pins 3.Paper strips 4.Don’t forget the Specimen.

22. Click to proceed to next slide  Standard groove board with pins This is the most commonly described way to spread lepidoptera. Materials needed: 1.Grooved spreading board 2.Pins 3.Paper strips 4.Don’t forget the Specimen.

23. Click to proceed to next slide  Standard groove board with pins Don’t forget to get the bug!

24. Click to proceed to next slide  Todd Stout is demonstrating this method with a pima orangetip This bug is going nowhere!! Todd uses this device to place the head and antennae. Todd uses this device to prevent the abdomen from falling into the groove. Here he is putting it into place. Finished product!— Click to next slide  Clear strips used to hold wings in desired position with the help of the pins. Insert insect pin perpendicularly through thorax of butterfly with ¾ of pin penetrating through the butterfly and ¼ remaining above. Like such. Place pinned specimen into groove on mounting board. Note: Sit back and watch slides for this technique. You do not need to click to next slide until prompted.

25. Click to proceed to next slide  Magnetic grooved board This method is similar to the previous method. The major difference being the use of a metal spread board and magnets in place of pins to hold the wings in place until the specimen is dry. Materials needed: 1.Grooved METAL spreading board 2.Magnets and pins 3.Paper strips 4.Still need a specimen

26. Click to proceed to next slide  Magnetic grooved board This method is similar to the previous method. The major difference being the use of a metal spread board and magnets in place of pins to hold the wings in place until the specimen is dry. Materials needed: 1.Grooved METAL spreading board 2.Magnets and pins 3.Paper strips 4.Still need a specimen

27. Click to proceed to next slide  Magnetic grooved board This method is similar to the previous method. The major difference being the use of a metal spread board and magnets in place of pins to hold the wings in place until the specimen is dry. Materials needed: 1.Grooved METAL spreading board 2.Magnets and pins 3.Paper strips 4.Still need a specimen

28. Click to proceed to next slide  Magnetic grooved board This method is similar to the previous method. The major difference being the use of a metal spread board and magnets in place of pins to hold the wings in place until the specimen is dry. Materials needed: 1.Grooved METAL spreading board 2.Magnets and pins 3.Paper strips 4.Still need a specimen

29. Click to proceed to next slide  Jack Harry is demonstrating this method with a nitra form anise swallowtail Finished product Click  to proceed to next slide Note: Sit back and watch slides for this technique. You do not need to click to next slide until prompted.

30. Click to proceed to next slide  Vern’s upside down non-groove board method This method breaks away from the traditional teachings somewhat. It is designed to take full advantage of the pronounced ventral side of the specimen. It optimizes space allotted on the spreading surface allowing you to spread many specimens at one time. This method was taught to me by Dr. Richard Howard, Director Natural History Museum Amarillo College. He was taught by his grandfather.

31. Click to proceed to next slide  Materials needed Styrofoam block Insect pins Paper strips And yes… the specimen I use the bottom of this board. NOT the grooved side.

32. Click to proceed to next slide  Materials needed Styrofoam block Insect pins Paper strips And yes… the specimen I use the bottom of this board. NOT the grooved side.

33. Click to proceed to next slide  Materials needed Styrofoam block Insect pins Paper strips And yes… the specimen

34. Click to proceed to next slide  Materials needed Styrofoam block Insect pins Paper strips And yes… the specimen

35. Click to proceed to next slide  Materials needed Styrofoam block Insect pins Paper strips And yes… the specimen

36. Click to proceed to next slide  Vernon Evans is demonstrating this method with a scarlet mormon Note: Excepting this slide, sit back and watch slides for this technique. You do not need to click to next slide until prompted. O.K. Click now and then wait until prompted again 

37. Click to proceed to next slide  Vernon Evans is demonstrating this method with a scarlet mormon This specimen will be mounted dorsal side up. Note the head of the pin going into the Styrofoam. This is a temporary support pin to prevent the specimen from rotating while positioning the wings. Utilizing the ventral surface of the specimen, positioning the wings becomes much easier and reduces the possibility of wing damage. Now while bracing the thorax of the specimen you will remove the temporary support pin. **DO NOT FORGET THIS STEP!! Finished product. Click to proceed to next slide 

38. Click to proceed to next slide  To mount a specimen ventral side up you place the pin tip into the foam. Note the position of the head of the pin. It is out of the foam not in it.

39. Click to proceed to next slide  Advantages More specimens one each board.

40. Click to proceed to next slide  Another advantage Easily spread large specimens.

41. Click to proceed to next slide  www.utahlepsociety.org