2. Lens  The lens is the most important part of the camera  Lens captures light and focuses the light on the part of the camera that receives the image  CCD (charge-coupled device) or  CMOS (complimentary metal-oxide semiconductor) image sensors

3.  Zoom  Zoom simply means that the lens can magnify the image a lot or a little  and it can glide between those settings.  Three basic ranges of a typical zoom lens.  Telephoto:  term for zooming your lens all the way in  maximizing your magnification.  Normal: This is the amount of magnification that approximates what your eyes see.  Wide Angle:  term for zooming your lens all the way out.  minimize magnification so you have a wider field of view.  you can see more stuff, but it all seems further away.

4.  Focal Length  Each level of magnification is assigned a number, referred to as the focal length.  A lot of magnification (telephoto) = large focal length number (like 100)  little magnification (wide angle) = a smaller number (like 10).  These characteristics can be used to convey meaning, mood and emotion. So it is important that you learn the differences.

5.  Telephoto  Telephoto (or "long focal length") lens settings have a couple interesting characteristics.  compress distance. - things that are far apart in real life seem closer together.  exaggerate camera movement. – see more camera shake (always use a tripod)  more difficult to focus – only allows a focus over a narrow range  Wide Angel  Wide angle (“short focal length”) has the opposite characteristics of telephoto settings.  exaggerates distance - make things seem further apart.  Easy to focus- it's almost impossible to get things out of focus here.

6.  Aperture  Your eye at night pupil opens - gather as much light as possible.  Your eye on a sunny day - pupil gets small to shut out excess light.  Aperture (or f-stop)  refers to the opening at the base of the lens  determines how much light enters the camera.  Uses numbers called f-stops.  This is a standard sequence of f-stops from f/2.8 to f/8  2.8 3.4 4.0 4.8 5.6 6.7 8  f/2.8 setting lets in the most light  f/8 setting lets in the least.  The f-stop is a ratio between the diameter of the aperture in the lens and the focal length of the lens.  It is important to get the exposure right

7. Depth-of-Field  DOF - total focused area in front of and behind an object held in the focus of a camera or lens  the ability to manipulate depth of field is important,  Focal Length  telephoto lens settings limit the number of things in focus.  they decrease depth of field.  Wide angle lenses increase depth of field.  Camera Distance  Getting close to your subject means less depth of field.  Moving away, means more depth of field.