2. מקור השם "בולבול" בערבית, ופירושו "זמיר", ואכן הבולבוליים נודעים בשירתם. גודלם בינוני, כנפיהם קצרות יחסית ומעוגלות, לעומת זנבם שהוא ארוך ומסתיים בקו ישר או קדוד מעט. נוצות גופם ארוכות, רכות וצמריות, במיוחד בגב, ומכאן שמם המדעי, שמשמעותו "גב צפוף". צווארם קצר ובעל כיסוי נוצות דליל, וכשהבולבול מותח צווארו מתגלה איזור קירח בין העורף לנוצות השכם. הצבע השולט בנוצות הבולבוליים הוא ירוק-זית, או צהוב-חום, אך ישנם מספר מינים בעלי צבעים בולטים. הרגליים חלשות וקטנות, והבולבוליים כמעט שאינם נמצאים על הקרקע, אלא רק על צמחים. המקור קצר וחזק, ובזוויותיו (חיבוריו עם הראש) מעין זיפים קשים.

3. תפוצה בעולם: הסוג בולבול Pycnonotus הוא הגדול במשפחה ובו 51 מינים; רובם בדרום מזרח אסיה. הבולבול הוא הצפוני שבהם. תפוצתו מוגבלת למזרח האיזור הים תיכוני ולחופי ערב ומשתרעת מדרום טורקיה ומזרחה, דרך סוריה, לבנון וישראל, ועד לעדן ועומן שבדרום חצי האי ערב. ב- 1992 דווח כי הגיע עד לעירק. בישראל נפוץ בכל רחבי הארץ רק המין הבולבול צהוב השת. מקום תפוצתם של ציפורי משפחת הבולבוליים

4. שני הזוויגים דומים, כאשר אצל חלק מהמינים הזכר גדול יותר. במהלך השנה אין הבדלים בניצוי, שלא כמו דרור הבית שמשנה את הופעתו פעמיים בשנה. במשפחת הבולבוליים יש 19 סוגים, הנפוץ מביניהם הוא הסוג בולבול Pycnonotus, וכ-121 מינים. הבולבוליים נפוצים באפריקה, באסיה הטרופית, וגם בישראל יש מין אחד, בנוסף למין המזדמן בולבול לבן לחיים Pycnonotus leucotis. Family Pycnonotidae (Bulbul) Handbook of the Birds of the World

5. The White-eared Bulbul (Pycnonotus leucotis). It is found in Kuwait, Bahrain, mid and southern Iraq, southern Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, north-western India, in parts of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, and on the Arabian peninsula.

6. Sooty-headed Bulbul (Pycnonotus aurigaster) למין הנפוץ בישראל, בולבול צהוב-שת יש תת-שת צהוב; למינים אחרים יש תת-שת בצבעים שונים. לחלק מהמינים ציצת-כרבולת בולטת. הבולבוליים ניזונים בעיקר מפירות ומחרקים. רוב מיני הבולבוליים הינם ציפורים יציבות (שאינן נודדות), אבל מחוץ לעונת הרבייה הן משוטטות בקבוצות. הקן דמוי סלסילה ומראהו מרושל. הביצים מוכתמות בשלל דגמים המשתנים ממין למין. הגוזלים בוקעים עירומים וסומים.

7. The Black-headed Bulbul (Pycnonotus atriceps). It is found in forests in south-east Asia. It has a mainly olive-yellow plumage with a glossy bluish- black head. The Black-headed Bulbul resembles the Black-crested Bulbul, but has blue eyes (though not reliable in juveniles), a broad yellow tip to the tail, and never shows a crest (however, some subspecies of the Black-crested are also essentially crestless, but they have red or yellow throats). The Black-headed Bulbul mainly feeds on small fruit and berries, but will also take insects. It commonly occurs in small flocks.

8. Black-headed Bulbul (Pycnonotus atriceps) This is a rare gray morph of this species where the front of the body has gray coloration against the usual yellow.

9. Orange-spotted Bulbul (Pycnonotus bimaculatus) Orange-spotted Bulbul (Pycnonotus bimaculatus). It is endemic to Java, Bali and Sumatra. It favors forest edges and open meadows in montane forests

10. Streak-eared Bulbul (Pycnonotus blanfordi) Streak-eared Bulbul (Pycnonotus blanfordi). It is found in Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Burma, Thailand, and Vietnam. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

11. Streak-eared Bulbul (Pycnonotus blanfordi)

12. Pycnonotus barbatus בולבול אפריקאי Pycnonotus barbatus -ציפור שיר החיה בעיקר באפריקה באיזור הטרופי אך ניתן למצאה גם בספרד. היא נקראת גם בולבול שחור עיניים ובולבול גנים מצוי. מקורה קצר למדי, וישר. רגליה וכפות רגליה שחורות. עיניה בצבע חום כהה, תחתית זנבה לבן או צהוב. שירתה מורכבת משריקות מלודיות. היא חיה באזורים מכוסים בשיחים: ביער ובשוליו, על החוף, בנהרות, בסביבה חקלאית ובפארקים. קנה נוקשה למדי, עבה ומוקף בחומה בצורת כוס. הוא ממוקם בתוך הצמחייה ומכוסה בעלים של עץ קטן או שיח. הבולבול אינו פוחד מהאדם. הוא נראה בדרך כלל בזוגות או בקבוצות קטנות. זהו עוף בולט, הנוטה לשבת בחלקו העליון של השיח. בדומה לבולבולים אחרים, זו ציפור פעילה ורועשת. בתעופתה היא מקפצת, כמו נקר. היא ניזונה מפירות, צוף, וחרקים.

13. The Common Bulbul (Pycnonotus barbatus). It is a ubiquitous resident breeder throughout Africa. Other names include Black-eyed Bulbul and Common Garden Bulbul.

14. Asian Red-eyed Bulbul (Pycnonotus brunneus )

15. The Red-vented Bulbul (Pycnonotus cafer) It is resident breeder across the Indian Subcontinent, including Sri Lanka extending east to Burma and parts of Tibet. It has been introduced in many other parts of the world and has established itself in the wild on several Pacific islands including Fiji, Samoa, Tonga, and Hawaii. It has also established itself in parts of Dubai, the United Arab Emirates and New Zealand. It is included in the list of the world's 100 worst invasive alien species.

16. Red-vented Bulbul (Pycnonotus cafer)

17. אמבטיה טובה לא מזיקה...

18. The Cape Bulbul (Pycnonotus capensis). It is an endemic resident breeder in coastal bush, open forest, gardens and fynbos in southern South Africa. This species nests mainly in the southern spring from September to November. The nest is thick walled cup concealed by foliage in a small tree or shrub.

19. The Grey-bellied Bulbul (Pycnonotus cyaniventris). It is found in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Burma, Singapore, and Thailand. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

20. The Ruby-throated Bulbul, (Pycnonotus dispar). It is found on Sumatra, Java, and Bali. This is a bird of forest and dense scrub. It builds its nest in a bush; two to four eggs is a typical clutch. The Ruby-throated Bulbul feeds on fruit and insects. It is virtually crestless, has a deep red throat and reddish eyes.

21. The Spectacled Bulbul (Pycnonotus erythropthalmos), also known as the Lesser Brown Bulbul. It is known in Malay as Merbah Kecil. It is endemic to Southeast Asia.

22. The Flavescent Bulbul (Pycnonotus flavescens). Its name comes from flavescent, a yellowish colour. It is found in Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Burma, Thailand, and Vietnam. The subspecies P. f. leucops is endemic to the island of Borneo; it is sometimes considered a full species known as the Pale-faced Bulbul. The natural habitat of the Flavescent Bulbul is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests

23. Pycnonotus finlaysoni The Stripe-throated Bulbul (Pycnonotus finlaysoni). It is found in Cambodia, China, Laos, Malaysia, Burma, Thailand, and Vietnam. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

24. The Black-crested Bulbul, (Pycnonotus flaviventris). It is found from the Indian Subcontinent to southeast Asia. The name suggests, the head of this bulbul is black while the rest of its body is different shades of yellow. Both the male and female are similar in plumage. One can make out a younger bird by its slightly duller coloring. This is a bird of forest and dense scrub. It builds its nest in a bush; two to four eggs is a typical clutch. The Black-crested Bulbul feeds on fruit and insects.

25. The Yellow-vented Bulbul (Pycnonotus goiavier) is a member of the bulbul family of passerine birds. It is resident breeder in southeast Asia from southern Thailand and Cambodia south to Borneo and the Philippines.

26. Yellow-Vented Bulbul (Pycnonotus goiavier)

27. The Flame-throated Bulbul, (Pycnonotus gularis). It is found in southwest India. This is a bird of forest and dense scrub. It builds its nest in a bush; two to four eggs is a typical clutch. The Flame- throated Bulbul feeds on fruit and insects. It is virtually crestless, has an orange-red throat and whitish eyes.

28. The Yellow-vented Bulbul (Pycnonotus goiavier). It is resident breeder in southeast Asia from southern Thailand and Cambodia south to Borneo and the Philippines.. It is one of the most common birds in cultivated areas. They appear to be nomadic, roaming from place to place regularly. The Yellow-vented Bulbul builds a well-camouflaged but fragile, loose, deep, cup-shaped nest from grass, leaves, roots, vine stems, and twigs. This is a species adapted to humans and may even nest in gardens. The Yellow-vented Bulbul lays 2-5 eggs in February to June. The Yellow-vented Bulbuls eats berries and small fruits. They also sip nectar, nibble on young shoots, and take some insects.

29. The Bare-faced Bulbul (Pycnonotus hualon) It is one of the very few Asian songbirds with a bald (featherless) face and is the first new species of bulbul to be described from Asia in over a century / The mainly olive- green Bare-faced Bulbul is distinctive in having a bare pink face with blueish skin around the eyes. The species epithet hualon is from the Lao word for "bald-headed". The breast and belly are fawn-grey, the uppersides olive and the throat is off-white. Habitat The Bare-faced Bulbul is known only from the limestone karst region near in central Laos. The area is characterised by steep terrain with bare limestone and low (less than 4 m in height) deciduous trees and shrubs. It seems likely that the species is restricted entirely to this habitat,

30. Pycnonotus jocosus Red-whiskered Bulbul (Pycnonotus jocosus). It is a member of the bulbul family. It is a resident frugivore found mainly in tropical Asia. It has been introduced in many tropical areas of the world where populations have established themselves. It feeds on fruits and small insects and they conspicuously perch on trees and their calls are a loud three or four note call. The distinctive crest and the red-vent and whiskers makes them easy to identify. They are very common in hill forests and urban gardens within its range.

31. The Himalayan Bulbul (Pycnonotus leucogenys). If they are mixed with humans from a young age, they will become friendly to humans. It is found in the northern regions of the Indian Subcontinent. It is found in Afghanistan, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Tajikistan. It is the national bird of Bahrain.

32. בולבול לבן-לחיים (Pycnonotus leucogenys), נקרא גם בולבול ההימלאיה ראש הציפור, גרונה וכרבולתה בצבעי שחור לבן. גבה וזנבה חום, תחתיתו צהובה. שני המינים הינם בצבע זהה, דבר שאינו אופייני בקרב ציפורים. שריקת הבובול היפה מלודית וגבוהה מחולקת ל-4 חלקים, בדומה לשריקת הזהבן. בולבול זה נפוץ ביערות ובגינות שבשולי הדרכים. לעיתים ניתן למצוא אותו בגנים ובפארקים בהם מבקרים בני אדם, המותירים אחריהם שאריות מזון. דבר זה מזמין זבובים ומיני חרקים אחרים המשמשים מאכל עיקרי לציפור. הבולבול מצוי באפגניסטן, ערב הסעודית, בהוטן, הודו, נפאל, פקיסטן, טג'יקיסטן וגם בישראל. בולבול זה מכין קן בצורת כוס קטנה, עשוי מעשבים, שורשים וענפים דקים. הקן נבנה בדרך כלל על עץ או על ענף של עץ נמוך. הנקבה מטילה בדרך כלל שלוש ביצים, המודגרות במשך 12 יום. במהלך הרבייה ציפור זו לוחמנית מאוד כלפי שאר הציפורים. בולבול זה ניזון מחרקים וחסרי חוליות קטנים אחרים, גרגרי יער, פירות, ירקות, זרעים, צוף וביצה חיה של ציפורים אחרות.

33. The White-eared Bulbul (Pycnonotus leucotis). It is found in Kuwait, Bahrain, southern Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, north-western India, and on the Arabian peninsula. The species was earlier considered a conspecific of Pycnonotus leucogenys. This species is very similar in appearance to the Himalayan White-cheeked Bulbul Pycnonotus leucogenys but smaller and uncrested and with a larger white cheek patch. It has a pale bare eye- ring. The vent is orange yellow. Sexes are alike. It is found in scrub forest and gardenland. Also found in flocks or pairs in the mangroves, gorging on the fruits of the Meswak bush. Usually seen in pairs or small groups.

34. The White-browed Bulbul (Pycnonotus luteolus). It is a resident breeder in Sri Lanka and peninsular India. Largely olive coloured above with whitish underparts, it has a pale supercilium and a yellow vent. They are found in dense scrub habitats, where they skulk within vegetation and can be difficult to see although their loud and distinct burst of calls is distinctive.

35. The African Red-eyed Bulbul or Black-fronted Bulbul (Pycnonotus nigricans). It is found in Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Its natural habitats are dry savanna and subtropical or tropical dry shrubland.

36. The Yellow-eared Bulbul (Pycnonotus penicillatus). It is an endemic resident breeder in the highlands of Sri Lanka. This is a bird of jungle and wooded farmland. Despite its restricted range, it is quite readily found at sites such as Horton Plains and Victoria Park in Nuwara Eliya. It has olive upperparts and yellowish underparts. The crown of the head is grey, and there are yellow ear tufts and a yellow patch below the eye. There is a white tuft in front of the eye and the throat is also white.

37. The Olive-winged Bulbul (Pycnonotus plumosus). It is found in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Burma, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. The Ashy-fronted Bulbul was previously considered a subspecies.

38. Olive-winged Bulbul Pycnonotus plumosus

39. Olive-winged Pycnonotus plumosus

40. The Grey-headed Bulbul (Pycnonotus priocephalus). It is endemic to the Western Ghats of south-west India, found from Goa south to Tamil Nadu. It is found in dense reeds or thickets mainly near rivers and swampy areas inside forests. They have a distinctive call that reveals their presence inside dense vegetation that makes them hard to spot. Their taxonomic position within the bulbuls is not clear.

41. The Cream-vented Bulbul (Pycnonotus simplex). It is found in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

42. The Scaly-breasted Bulbul (Pycnonotus squamatus). It is found in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Burma, and Thailand. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

43. The Light-vented Bulbul (Pycnonotus sinensis), also known as the Chinese Bulbul. The particular characteristic is the large white patch covering the nape and the sides of its black head. It also sings very brightly and variably with a 'cha-ko-lee...cha-ko-lee...' sound.

44. Pycnonotus sinensis Chinese Bulbul, collected from a Shanghai Garden in 1939, photographed at The California Academy of Sciences in 2007 © sharonbeals2007

45. Dark-capped Bulbul Pycnonotus tricolor

46. Pycnonotus tricolor Dark-capped bulbul, Black-eyed bulbul הקוקייה הטילה ביצה בקן של בולבול שלושת-הצבעים

47. The Striated Bulbul (Pycnonotus striatus). It is found in Bhutan, China, India, Laos, Burma, Nepal, Thailand, and Vietnam. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

48. The Styan's Bulbul or Taiwan Bulbul (Pycnonotus taivanus) is an endemic species of bulbul that lives in eastern and southern Taiwan. Though common in some areas, it has been listed as a species vulnerable to extinction. Its decline has been caused by habitat destruction and hybridisation with the closely related Chinese or Light-vented Bulbul Pycnonotus sinensis; the two species ranges overlap in several areas, partly because birds of the latter species have been released for Buddhist ceremonies. The species has already become extinct in Yilan County. The Styan's Bulbul has a very similar appearance to the Light-vented Bulbul, but differ in the patterns on the head. The Styan's Bulbul has a completely black crown with white feathers around its eye, except for a black moustachial stripe below the beak.

49. The White-spectacled Bulbul also known as the Yellow-vented Bulbul. Pycnonotus xanthopygos, is a small bird, a bit bigger than a sparrow. A stable bird that lives in fruit plantations, gardens, cities etc. It is the most common member of the Bulbul family in Israel and Lebanon. In Turkey, it is mainly found in the coastal Mediterranean Breeding populations are found from Central and Southern Turkey to Western Syria, The Lebanon, Western Jordan, Israel, Sinai and Western. Both sexes are similar; juveniles have a browner hood and less obvious eye-rings than the adults. The nest – a small cup of thin twigs, grass stems, leaves and moss – is generally located in bushes and lined with hair, shredded bark and small roots. They can be considered as pets if raised by humans at an age not exceeding three weeks. When being raised, people usually feed them with bananas using a stick. בולבול צהוב שת

50. The Yellow-throated Bulbul (Pycnonotus xantholaemus) is a species of bulbul endemic to southern peninsular India. They are found on scrub habitats on steep, rocky hills many of which are threatened by granite quarrying. It is confusable only with the White-browed Bulbul with which its range overlaps but is distinctively yellow on the head and throat apart from the yellow vent. The calls of this species are very similar to that of the White-browed Bulbul. This uncrested species of bulbul is olive grey above with a yellow. The head is plain while the breast and belly have a grey wash. The closest resembling species is the White-browed Bulbul but this has a supercilium and lacks the yellow throat.

51. The Brown-breasted Bulbul (Pycnonotus xanthorrhous) It is found in China, Hong Kong, Laos, Burma, Thailand, and Vietnam.

52. Straw-headed Bulbul Pycnonotus zeylanicus It is found in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Burma, Thailand and Singapore. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical mangrove forests, subtropical or tropical moist shrubland, arable land, plantations, and rural gardens. It is threatened by habitat loss and poaching.

53. (Pycnonotus jocosusסיפור גילוי קן הבולבולים ( בחצר האחורית של ביתו של ד"ר פרסדבמיסורה, קרנאטאדה שבהודו הכותרות הושאלו מן הכתבה. לצפייה בכתבה המלאה: http://drsnprasadmysoreindia. גילוי הקן בשעות הבוקר ב26 ביוני

54. הביצה הראשונה, יפה ומנומרת, הוטלה בשעות הצהריים,למחרת הוטלה הביצה השנייה.

55. הבולבול צופה בנו מצלמים את הקן ומצפה שנעזוב...

56. החלה הדגירה

57. ב10 ביולי בקע הגוזל הראשון...

58. ממשיכים בדגירה...

59. למחרת בקע הגוזל השני...

60. למחרת בבוקר: האימא שומרת על הקן כשהגוזלים ישנים

61. האימא מביאה אוכל לקן להאכלת הגוזלים

62. אחד מההורים עומד על הכבל עם עכביש בפה, מוכן להביאו לקן ולהאכיל בו את גוזליו

63. Now comes the mystery side of my story. The following is my last picture of the baby bulbuls huddled in their nest, with both parents standing guard somewhat as usual on the cable overhead. התמונה האחרונה של הגוזלים בקן, כשהוריהם עומדים על המשמר על הכבל שמעל

64. ב14 ביולי בשעות הצהריים גילינו את הקן ריק. הצטערנו מאד לגלות שהגוזלים אינם... במחשבה שנייה הערכנו שההורים העבירו את הגוזלים למקום יותר בטוח, מכיוון שלא גילינו בקן סימני טריפה או אלימות... אבל התעלומה נשארה בעיניה.

65. מקורות: http://ibc.lynxeds.com/ http://ibc.lynxeds.com/search/ibc_features http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pycnonotus http://ibc.lynxeds.com/search/ibc_features http://www.warwicktarboton.co.za/Bird לשמיעת קולות הבולבולים (וקולות כל מיני הציפורים): http://www.xeno-canto.org/browse.php?query Mystery of the Missing Baby Bulbuls – מינים שונים של הבולבולים של בורנאו וקולותיהן: http://www.borneobirdimages.com/family קלריטה ואפרים הנכם מוזמנים להיכנס לאתר שלנו: www.clarita-efraim.com chefetze@netvision/net.il