1. Health Sciences 1101 Medical Terminology Module 8 The Reproductive System

2. The Reproductive System Overview Excellent Youtube Video

3. Basic Reproductive System Terms Gynec/o: woman or female Gynecology/gynecologist: Obstetrics: study of pregnancy and childbirth Obstetrician: Obstetrician-gynecologist (OB-GYN): Nat/o: birth Natologist or neonatologist:

4. Female Reproductive System Anatomy Terms Colp/o or vagin/o: vagina Cervic/o: cervix Hyster/o or uter/o or metr/o: Uterus or womb Perine/o: perineum Salping/o: tube (usually fallopian) Vulv/o or episi/o: vulva Oophor/o or ovari/o: ovary

5. Female Reproductive System Anatomy Terms Mamm/o or mast/o: breast Galact/o or lact/o: milk Lactation: The process of producing milk for the nourishment of the newborn

6. Female Reproductive System Other Terms Amni/o: amnion, amniotic fluid, amniotic sac Men/o: menses or menstruation Estrogen and progesterone: important hormones secreted by the ovaries Gravida: pregnancy (gravida 3, gravida 6) Para: The number of births (para 2, para 5)

7. Female Reproductive System Suffixes -arche: beginning -cyesis: pregnancy -gravida: pregnant woman -para: to bear offspring -salpinx: tube (usually referring to the fallopian tube) -tocia: childbirth or labor -version: turning **Don’t forget the ones we have already talked about, like –scopy, and –it is, and –oma, and –rrhaphy etc.

8. Male Reproductive System Anatomy Terms Andr/o: male Balan/o: glans penis Gonad/o: gonads or sex glands Orch/o or orchi/o or orchid/o or test/o: testis (plural: testes) Spermat/o or sperm/i or sperm/o: spermatozoa or sperm cells Varic/o: dilated vein Vas/o: vessel or vas deferens Vesicul/o: seminal vesicle Prostat/o: prostate

9. Female Reproductive System Pathology Candidiasis: vaginal fungal infection characterized by a curdy discharge and intense itching. Most often caused by Candida albicans. Ectopic pregnancy: implantation of the fertilized ovum outside of the uterine cavity Endometriosis: presence of endometrial tissue outside of the uterine cavity http://www.publichealthwatchdog.com/what-is-an- ectopic-pregnancy/

10. Fibroid: benign neoplasm in the uterus that is composed largely of fibrous tissue. Most common tumor in women. Leukorrhea: White vaginal discharge Retroversion: turning back, or tipped from its normal position Sterility: inability for a woman to get pregnant or a man to impregnate a woman. Female Reproductive System Pathology http://kitcameo.blogspot.com/2 009/04/fibroid-photos-warning- very-high-ick.html

11. Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH): potentially life threatening disorder characterized by edema and proteinuria Preeclampsia: nonconvulsive form of PIH Eclampsia: convulsive form of PIH Toxic shock syndrome: Rare, potentially fatal staphylococcus infection linked to the use of some tampons Trichomoniasis: sexually transmitted protozoan parasite that can infect the vagina, urethra, and prostate Female Reproductive System Pathology

12. Anorchism: Congenital absence of one or both testes Balanitis: inflammation of the skin covering the glans penis Cryptorchidism: Failure of one or both testes to decend into the scrotum Epispadias: Congenital defect in which the urethra opens on the upper side of the penis Male Reproductive System Pathology

13. Impotence: inability to achieve or maintain a penile erection. Often referred to as erectile dysfunction. Phimosis: Stenosis or narrowness of the preputial orifice so that the foreskin cannot be pushed back. Male Reproductive System Pathology

14. Sexually Transmitted Diseases Chlamydia: The most prevalent of the STDs. Bacterial infection that can cause cervicitis and other pelvic infections in women and urethritis in men. Genital warts: warts in the genital area caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). Gonorrhea: Bacterial infection that commonly affects the genitourinary tract. Herpes genitalis: Male or female infection of the genital and anorectal skin caused by the herpes simplex virus 2 Syphilis: Infectious chronic STD that is characterized by lesions called chancres than may eventually involve any organ or tissue.

15. Vasectomy: Excision of the vas deferens to induce sterility Circumcision: Surgical removal of the foreskin or prepuce of the penis, usually performed on the male as an infant Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP): Surgical procedure to relieve obstruction caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia by insertion of a resectoscope into the penis and through the urethra to chip away at prostatic tissue and flush away chips. Reproductive System Diagnostics and Treatment

16. Amniocentesis: surgical puncture of of the amniotic sac under ultrasound guidance to remove amniotic fluid Colposcopy: examniation of the vagina and cervix with an optical magnifying instrument Hysterosalpingography: radiography of the uterus and oviducts after injection of a contrast medium Laparoscopy: Visual examination of the abdominal cavity with a laparoscope through one or more small incisions in the abdominal wall.

17. Mammography: radiography of the breast, used to diagnose tumors Papinicalaou (Pap) test: microscopic analysis of cells taken from the cervix and vagina to detect the presence of cancer. Ultrasonography: Imaging technique that uses high frequency sound waves. Reproductive System Diagnostics and Treatment

18. Lumpectomy: excision of a small breast tumor and some of the normal tissue that surrounds it. Dilation and curettage (D&C): surgical procedure that widens the cervical canal so that the endometrium of the uterus can be scraped. Cerclage: obstetric procedure where a nonabsorbable suture is used for holding the cervix closed to prevent miscarriage in a woman with an incompetent cervix Reproductive System Diagnostics and Treatment

19. Mastectomy: complete or partial excision of one or both breasts most commonly performed to remove a malignant tumor Total: excision of the entire breast, nipple, areola, and the involved overlying skin. Sometimes called a simple mastectomy. Modified radical: Excision of the entire breast, including lymph nodes in the underarm. Radical: Excision of the entire breast, all the underarm lymph nodes, and chest wall muscles under the breast. Reproductive System Diagnostics and Treatment

20. Reconstructive breast surgery: Reconstruction of a breast that has been removed due to cancer or other disease. Tissue expansion: Common technique in which a balloon expander is inserted beneath the skin and chest muscle, saline solution is gradually injected to increase size and then the expander is replaced with a more permanent implant Transverse rectus abdominis muscle (TRAM) flap: Surgical creation of a skin flap (using skin and fat from the lower half of the abdomen) which is passed under the skin to the breast area, shaped into a natural looking breast, and sutured into place. Reproductive System Diagnostics and Treatment