1. SKILLS Project Naming and Building Binary Covalent Compounds

2. What are Binary Covalent Compounds? A binary covalent compound is made of two different non-metals sharing a covalent bond. Covalent and Ionic nomenclature are very different. You cannot use covalent naming on substances containing a METAL.

3. Covalent Names Unlike ionics and polyatomics, covalent compounds do NOT receive their names based on charges. The reason for this is simple- covalent compounds share rather than steal electrons from one another. In other words, no real charges are produced. Instead, prefixes are used to indicate the number of each element in the compound.

4. List of Covalent Prefixes 1.Mono- 2.Di- 3.Tri 4.Tetra- 5.Penta- 6.Hexa- 7.Hepta- 8.Octa- 9.Nona- 10.Deca-

5. Naming Covalent Compounds We do not modify the first atom’s name unless there is MORE than one. –Ex. CO is “carbon monoxide” not “monocarbon monoxide” The second atom, on the other hand, must always have an amount specified and will end in –ide (as we did with ionic naming.) –Ex. CO 2 is “carbon dioxide”

6. Working with “–ide” Remember, any non-polyatomic receives an –ide at the end of their name: H, Hydride C, Carbide N, Nitride F, Fluoride O, Oxide S, Sulfide Cl, Chloride B, Boride P, Phosphide Se, Selenide As, Arsenide Si, Silicide Br, Bromide Te, Telluride I, Iodide

7. Note! Many polyatomic compounds are covalently-bonded, however, they have unique names. In other words, the naming system for neutral covalent compounds cannot be used for charged covalent compounds, such as polyatomics. –NH 4 1+ is ammonium ion (polyatomic) –NH 4 would be nitrogen tetrahydride (neutral)

8. Example 1: P 3 O 8 Triphosphorous octoxide P3P3 O8O8 Tri- Octa- phosphorous oxide Name the prefix first, followed by the full name of the first element. Remember, “mono” is never used on the first element. Name the prefix first, followed by the modified (-ide) name of the second element.

9. Example 2: C 4 H 10 Tetracarbon decahydride C4C4 H 10 Tetra- Deca- carbon hydride Name the prefix first, followed by the full name of the first element. Remember, “mono” is never used on the first element. Name the prefix first, followed by the modified (-ide) name of the second element.

10. Example 3: C 2 O 4 Dicarbon tetroxide C2C2 O4O4 Di- Tetra- carbon oxide Name the prefix first, followed by the full name of the first element. Remember, “mono” is never used on the first element. Name the prefix first, followed by the modified (-ide) name of the second element.

11. Example 4: S 4 Cl 6 Tetrasulfur hexachloride S4S4 Cl 6 Tetra- Hexa- sulfur chloride Name the prefix first, followed by the full name of the first element. Remember, “mono” is never used on the first element. Name the prefix first, followed by the modified (-ide) name of the second element.

12. Name the prefix first, followed by the full name of the first element. Remember, “mono” is never used on the first element. Example 5: PF 5 Phosphorous pentafluoride P F5F5 Mono- Penta- phosphorous fluoride Name the prefix first, followed by the modified (-ide) name of the second element.

13. Name the prefix first, followed by the full name of the first element. Remember, “mono” is never used on the first element. Example 6: ArF 2 Argon difluoride Ar F2F2 Mono- Di- argon fluoride Name the prefix first, followed by the modified (-ide) name of the second element.

14. Name the prefix first, followed by the full name of the first element. Remember, “mono” is never used on the first element. Dinitrogen tetroxide Example 7: N 2 O 4 N2N2 O4O4 Di- Tetra- nitrogen oxide

15. Name the prefix first, followed by the modified (-ide) name of the second element. Name the prefix first, followed by the full name of the first element. Remember, “mono” is never used on the first element. Tetraselenium hexaiodide Example 8: Se 4 I 6 Se 4 I6I6 Tetra- Hexa- selenium iodide

16. Name the prefix first, followed by the modified (-ide) name of the second element. Name the prefix first, followed by the full name of the first element. Remember, “mono” is never used on the first element. Example 9: ICl 7 Iodine heptachloride I Cl 7 Mono- Hepta- iodine chloride

17. Name the prefix first, followed by the modified (-ide) name of the second element. Name the prefix first, followed by the full name of the first element. Remember, “mono” is never used on the first element. Disilicone trioxide Example 10: Si 2 O 3 Si 2 O3O3 Di- Tri- silicone oxide

18. Repeat this same step for the second compound. Remember that “-ide” was added when the compound was given a name and is not part of the element’s usual name. Use the first name of this compound to identify and determine the quantity of the first element. No prefix implies only one, essentially “mono.” OCl 2 Example 11: Oxygen dichloride O Cl 2 (Mono) Di- Oxygen chloride

19. Repeat this same step for the second compound. Remember that “-ide” was added when the compound was given a name and is not part of the element’s usual name. Use the first name of this compound to identify and determine the quantity of the first element. No prefix implies only one, essentially “mono.” H2OH2O Example 12: Dihydrogen monoxide H2H2 O Di- Mon- hydrogen oxide

20. Repeat this same step for the second compound. Remember that “-ide” was added when the compound was given a name and is not part of the element’s usual name. Use the first name of this compound to identify and determine the quantity of the first element. No prefix implies only one, essentially “mono.” C 4 H 10 Example 13: Tetracarbon decahydride C4C4 H 10 Tetra- Deca- carbon hydride

21. Repeat this same step for the second compound. Remember that “-ide” was added when the compound was given a name and is not part of the element’s usual name. Use the first name of this compound to identify and determine the quantity of the first element. No prefix implies only one, essentially “mono.” CS 2 Example 14: Carbon disulfide C S2S2 (Mono) Di- Carbon Sulfide

22. Repeat this same step for the second compound. Remember that “-ide” was added when the compound was given a name and is not part of the element’s usual name. Use the first name of this compound to identify and determine the quantity of the first element. No prefix implies only one, essentially “mono.” N2H9N2H9 Example 15: Dinitrogen nonahydride N2N2 H9H9 Di- Nona- nitrogen hydride

23. Repeat this same step for the second compound. Remember that “-ide” was added when the compound was given a name and is not part of the element’s usual name. Use the first name of this compound to identify and determine the quantity of the first element. No prefix implies only one, essentially “mono.” SeBr 6 Example 16: Selenium hexabromide Se Br 6 (Mono) Hexa- Selenium bromide

24. Repeat this same step for the second compound. Remember that “-ide” was added when the compound was given a name and is not part of the element’s usual name. Use the first name of this compound to identify and determine the quantity of the first element. No prefix implies only one, essentially “mono.” C3P6C3P6 Example 17: Tricarbon hexaphosphide C3C3 P6P6 Tri- Hexa- carbon phosphide

25. Repeat this same step for the second compound. Remember that “-ide” was added when the compound was given a name and is not part of the element’s usual name. Use the first name of this compound to identify and determine the quantity of the first element. No prefix implies only one, essentially “mono.” AsI 5 Example 18: Arsenic pentaiodide As I5I5 (Mono) Penta- Arsenic Iodide

26. Repeat this same step for the second compound. Remember that “-ide” was added when the compound was given a name and is not part of the element’s usual name. Use the first name of this compound to identify and determine the quantity of the first element. No prefix implies only one, essentially “mono.” C 4 Si 7 Example 19: Tetracarbon heptasilicide C4C4 Si 7 Tetra- Hepta- carbon silicide

27. Repeat this same step for the second compound. Remember that “-ide” was added when the compound was given a name and is not part of the element’s usual name. Use the first name of this compound to identify and determine the quantity of the first element. No prefix implies only one, essentially “mono.” ICl 7 Example 20: Iodine heptachloride I Cl 7 (Mono) Hepta- Iodine chloride

28. Practice on your own: 1.C 9 O 4 – 2.OF 2 – 3.Cl 2 O 3 – 4.CO 3 – 5.PF 5 – 6.N 2 S 2 – 7.C 2 H 2 – 8.CBr 4 – 9.As 2 Si 5 – 10.P 7 S 10 – Nonacarbon tetroxide Oxygen difluoride Dichlorine trioxide Carbon trioxide Phosphorous pentafluoride Dinitrogen disulfide Dicarbon dihydride Carbon tetrabromide Diarsenic pentasilicide Heptaphosphorous decasulfide F O R M U L A S  N A M E S

29. Practice on your own: 1.Carbon monoxide – 2.Tetrasulfur pentaiodide – 3.Triselenium decatelluride – 4.Diarsenic monofluoride – 5.Heptasilicon diboride – 6.Nitrogen hexaselenide – 7.Carbon tetrachloride – 8.Krypton monofluoride – 9.Heptaphosphorous octoxide- 10.Triselenium pentanitride - CO S4I5S4I5 Se 3 Te 10 As 2 F Si 7 B 2 NSe 6 CCl 4 KrF P7O8P7O8 Se 3 N 5 N A M E S  F O R M U L A S

30. Congratulations! You may name and use binary covalent compounds! Remember, many covalent compounds have different names than those used here, especially the charged polyatomics. Over the course of the year, you will be introduced to the “common” names used for many of the compounds shown here. For example: nitrogen trihydride, NH 3, is most commonly known as “ammonia.”