1. Yellow Belt Training Kaizen Concepts
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2. Course Topics Lean Review, Identifying Waste
Lean Tools for Waste Elimination
Kaizen Concepts & 10 Step Kaizen Process

3. Yellow Belt Training Lean Review Identifying & Eliminating 8 Wastes

4. Eight Wastes of Lean Overproduction motion Inventory Waiting
Extra Processing
Transportation
Inventory
defects
Waiting
Underutilized People

5. Overproduction Making more than is required by the next process
Making earlier than is required by the next process
Making faster than is required by the next process
Causes of Overproduction
Just-in-case logic
Misuse of automation
Long process set-up
Lack of level scheduling
Unbalanced work load
Over engineered
Redundant inspections

6. To Eliminate Overproduction:
Establish a work flow sequence to satisfy the downstream customer.
Create workplace norms and standards for each process.
Create signal devices to prevent early processing.

7. Inventory Waste
“Any supply in excess of a one-piece flow through your manufacturing process”
Causes of excess Inventory
Protects the company from inefficiencies and unexpected problems.
Product complexity
Unleveled scheduling
Poor market forecast
Unbalanced workload
Unreliable shipments by suppliers
Misunderstood communications
Reward system

8. To Eliminate Inventory Waste:
Produce only enough to satisfy the work requirements of your downstream customer.
Standardize work locations and the number of units per location.
Ensure that work arrives at the downstream process when it is required and does not sit there.

9. Defects Inspection and repair of material in inventory
Causes of Defects
Weak process control
Poor quality
Unbalanced inventory level
Deficient planned maintenance
Inadequate education/training/work instructions
Product design
Customer needs not understood

10. To Eliminate Defects:
Establish standardized work procedures and office forms.
Create and post job aids.

11. Processing Waste
Effort that adds no value to the product or service from the customers’ viewpoint
Causes of Processing Waste
Product changes without process changes
Just-in-case logic
True customer requirements undefined
Over processing to accommodate downtime
Lack of communication
Redundant approvals
Extra copies/excessive information

12. To Eliminate Processing Waste:
Review the value-added steps in each process, and streamline or eliminate steps whenever possible.
Review all signature requirements and eliminate signatures wherever possible.

13. Waiting Waste Idle time created when waiting for…?
Causes of Waiting Waste
Unbalanced work load
Unplanned maintenance
Long process set-up times
Misuses of automation
Upstream quality problems
Unlevel scheduling

14. To Eliminate Waiting Waste:
Review and standardize required signatures to eliminate unnecessary ones.
Cross-train employees to allow work flow to continue while someone is out.
Balance the workload throughout the day to ensure that all people are being used optimally.
Make sure that equipment and supplies are available.

15. People Waste The waste of not using people’s
(mental, creative, physical, skill) abilities.
Causes of People Waste
Old guard thinking, politics, the business culture
Poor hiring practices
Low or no investment in training
Low pay, high turnover strategy

16. Motion Waste
Any movement of people or machines that does not add value to the product or service.
Causes of Motion Waste
Poor people/machine effectiveness
Inconsistent work methods
Unfavorable facility or cell layout
Poor workplace organization and housekeeping
Extra “busy” movements while waiting

17. To Eliminate Motion Waste:
Standardize folders, drawers, and cabinets throughout the area; use color codes as much as possible.
Arrange your files (desktop and electronic on PC) in such a way you can easily reference them.
Arrange work areas of office equipment in central locations; consider purchasing additional equipment to eliminate multiple trips.

18. Waste of Transportation
Transporting parts and materials around the plant
Causes of Transportation Waste
Poor plant layout
Poor understanding of the process flow for production
Large batch sizes, long lead times, and large storage areas

19. To Eliminate Transportation Waste:
Make the distance over which something is moved as short as possible.
Eliminate any temporary storage locations or stocking locations.

20. Waste Identification Exercise
Walk Through Target Area
Individually look for and write down all wastes observed in the Target Area.
Time 1 Hour
Return to Class Room for Debrief
(If can’t walk through, review Process Maps for 8 wastes, list where Opportunities exist.)
Home Work – Opportunities Spreadsheet

21. Lean Tools for Waste Elimination

22. Continuous Improvement Tools
House of Lean
Value Stream Mapping
Visual Controls 5S
POUS
Kaizen
Cells
Quality at Source
Quick Changeover
Facility Layout
TPM
Continuous Improvement Tools
Pull/Kanban
Standardized Work

23. 5S Work Place Organization & Standardization

24. Elements of 5S
Sort – Eliminate the clutter “When in Doubt, Throw It Out!”
Set in Order – Organize and label, set boundaries and limits “A Place for Everything and Everything in Its Place”
Shine – Clean everything, inside and out “Inspection Through Cleaning”
Standardize – Keep maintenance checklists; make them visual “Everything in a State of Readiness”
Sustain – Maintain discipline through systems and a supportive culture

25. Why Start Lean With 5S?
A workplace that is clean, organized, orderly, safe, efficient, and pleasant results in:
Fewer Accidents
Improved Efficiency
Reduced Searching Time
Reduced Wait Time
Visual Workplace Control
Improved Morale
A foundation for all other improvement activities

26. Standardized Work

27. What Is Standardized Work?
A reliable and repeatable process, safely carried out, with all tasks organized into the best known sequence, using the most effective combination of people, material, machines, and methods
Three elements of Standardized Work
Work Sequences —well documented and understood processes and procedures which include quality standards
Standard In-process Stock—minimum quantity of material needed for completing the assigned project
Demand/Capacity—good understanding of how much to produce in a given period of time

28. Standardized Work Standardized Work Combination Table From: To: Date:
Area:
Units/Sh.
TAKT:
Hand
Walk
Auto
Work Elements
Time (sec) H A W
Seconds
TAKT
1 Sub-Assembly A
2 Sub-Assembly B
3 Sub-Assembly C
4 Sub-Assembly D
5 Final Assembly
Totals 30 10
1A Sub-Assembly A-B
4A Sub-Assembly C-D
Notes:

29. Benefits of Standardized Work
Maintains productivity, quality, and safety at high levels
Provides a basis for tracking performance against established standards
Is a tool for effective training and cross-training
Can be used as a benchmark for continuous improvement initiatives

30. Visual Controls

31. Visual Controls
…are simple visual signals that give people the information to make the right decision. They are efficient, self-regulating, and user-managed.
Examples:
Kanban
Color-Coding
Lines on the floor to delineate storage areas, walkways, work areas, etc.
Pictures
FIFO Lanes
Inboxes / Outboxes

32. Constraint Summary Form

33. Point of Use Storage

34. Point of Use Storage (POUS)
Materials, tools, parts, and supplies are all stored in the area in which they are used
Utilize a visual, minimum signal replenishment systems
Most efficient if vendor or material handling relationship allows for frequent, on-time, small replenishment deliveries

35. Quality at the Source

36. Quality @ the Source means…Assuring Quality Where the Value is Added

37. Quality at the Source Minimize Passed-on Defects
Minimize Rework at Final Inspection
Eliminate Non-value Added Processing
Improve Throughput
Maximize Employee Satisfaction

38. Build-in Quality Design for manufacturability
End-product specifications known by all
Standardized work with quality instructions
Communication—immediate feedback to workers and vendors when quality problems are identified

39. Inspection at the Source
Employees inspect their own work before passing it to the next process
Inspection tools and standards must be supplied to all in-process employees – Visual Tools—product or process samples – Current Documentation—checklists, quality standards – Quality Training on Standards and Inspection

40. Mistake Proofing (Jidohka & Poka Yoke)

41. Mistake Proof your Process
Low-cost, highly reliable innovations
that will detect abnormal situations
before they occur….So they Don’t Occur
Prevent the production
of defective Products or Services

42. Mistake Proofing (Poka Yoke)
Definition: Using wisdom & ingenuity to create devices that allow you to do your job 100% defect free - 100% of the time.
Purpose: Other names for and a brief definition of Mistake Proofing.
Main points:
Mistake proofing is American English phrase
Poka Yoke is Japanese phrase
Fool Proofing is old term not used because of negative connotation

43. Autonomation (Jidohka)
Definition: Using a device attached to a machine that will auto-check the part for quality. If the part is defective the machine will stop. This assures that you only make one bad part before you correct the problem.
Purpose: Other names for and a brief definition of Mistake Proofing.
Main points:
Mistake proofing is American English phrase
Poka Yoke is Japanese phrase
Fool Proofing is old term not used because of negative connotation

44. Mistake Vs. Defect (Symptom)

45. Everyday Mistake Proofing
Microwaves Won’t Allow
You To Cook With The Door Open
Some Cars Will Automatically Turn
The Head Lights Off When You
Turn Off The Ignition.
Computers Are Programmed To
Ask You If Your Satisfied With
Changes To Your Work.

46. Mistake-Proof Device Criteria
Prevents Reoccurrence?
Costs $0 - $500?
Made With Wisdom & Ingenuity?
Simple To Use?
Easy To Implement?
Durable?
Easy To Maintain?
Does Not Hinder Operator?
Reliable?

47. Pull Systems / Kanbans

48. Push vs. Pull Systems
Push System Produces product, using forecasts or schedules, without regard for what is required by the next operation or the Customer
Pull System A method of controlling the flow of resources by indirectly linking dissimilar functions, through the use of visual controls (Kanbans and Supermarkets), replacing only what has been consumed by the Customer

49. What is a Kanban/Kanban Card?
A visual instruction device that is set up to allow every operation to produce only the amount of a product that will actually be used in the next step of the production process.
Example data that may be on a Kanban Card:
Part number
Picture or Drawing
Style
Address where product originated (supply process)
Delivery point (next process)
Refer participants to the Glossary definition:
Kanban………………A unique information-carrying device that ensures that every operation produces only the amount of a product that will actually be used in the next step of the production process. Kanban serves as instruction for production and conveyance.
Kanban Post ……..A visual collection point of Kanban signals used to trigger production or withdrawal of a single item.

50. Where Can PULL be used?
Anywhere! When you cannot move functions or machines together. Instead, indirectly link them to synchronize their operation by the use of Visual Controls (Kanbans or Supermarkets).

51. Facility Layout

52. MASS PRODUCTION Material Diodes LEDs Springs Shipping Receiving
Warehouse
Warehouse
Storage
Repair
Kitting
Testing
Ship
Value-Added Time :
Minutes
Time in Plant :
Weeks
ORDER
CASH

53. Process Universe Materials What Type of Materials?
What are the Material Specifications?
How Much Materials?
When are they Needed?
Where are they Stored?
How are they moved to where we create Value for the Customer
Machines
What Type of Machines?
Where are they Located?
People
What Type of Personnel are Needed?
How Many?
What Skills are needed?
Methods
What Methods do we use?
Are the easy to Understand, Learn and Use?
How do we Train our Staff?
Use Manufacturing Department Model:
A company has several departments; Accounting, Purchasing, Engineering, Warehousing-Distribution, Manufacturing, & Warranty.
Purchasing is measured on minimum cost/piece while engineering is measured on defects/unit. As Purchasing drives down piece part costs they look better against their measure….while Warranty
It is the goal of the Process Engineer to understand the entire process Universe

54. Layout Revisions Sequence Work Activities to meet Customer Demand
Revise Equipment Layout to minimize Motion & Transportation Wastes
Implement POUS Materials Storage
Use Visual Controls
Revise all Methods to meet the New Layout

55. Improved Facility Layout
Layout Supports Continuous Workflow
Less Transportation Waste
Reduced Cycle Time
Minimize Work in Process
Tools and Materials within the Work Area
Visual Systems - Minimum Communication

56. Lean Tools Summary
Introduced to a Number of Lean Tools For Process Improvement.
Your Challenge is to Apply these Tools to your processes in Creative ways to Eliminate Waste.