1. SITUATION ANALYSIS AND RESEARCH PRIORTATION FOR WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT IN GADAG AND KOPPAL DISTRICTS
Team of Scientists from UAS, Dharwad
1. Dr. P.L.Patil; Nodal Officer & Professor & Head
Soil Science
2. Dr. G.S.Dasog; Dean (Agri.), AC, Dharwad
3. Dr. B.I.Bidari; Professor, Soil Science,
4. Dr. M. Hebbara; Assoc. Professor, Soil Science,
5. Dr. V.B.Kuligod; Assoc. Professor, Soil Science,
6. Dr. S.S.Gundlur; Soil Physicist, Belvatagi
7. Dr. C.B. Meti; Assoc. Professor Agril. Engg,.
8. Dr. G.N.Kulkarni; Assoc. Professor, Agril. Econ,
9. Dr. S.G.Angadi: Assoc. Professor of Horticulture
10.Dr. G.Somanagoudar: Assoc. Professor, Agron,
ARS, Annigeri
11. Ms. Geeta Channal; SMS, EEU, Gadag

3. Total Geographical areas
Gadag-4656 Sq.km
Koppal sq.km
Gadag
Koppal
Sl.no
Taluk
Area
in ha 1
109751
(23.52)
Gangavathi
132,131
(23.91) 2
Mundaragi
88398
(18.98)
136,755
(24.75) 3
Naragund
43562
(9.3)
Kushtagi
135,779
(24.57) 4
Ron
129091
(27.71)
Yelburga
147,830
(26.75) 5
Shirahatti
94913
(20.3)
Total
5,52,495 6
4,65,715

4. Drainage map

5. Classification of land and other land details
Gadag
Koppal
Sl no
Particulars
Area in Ha
% to the Total
geographical area
Area in ha 1
Total geographical area
4,65,715 -
5,52,495 2
Area under Forest
32614
7.00
29,451
5.33 3
Barren and uncultivable land
11628
2.50
34080
6.13 4
Land put into non-agricultural
uses
10481
2.25
39003
7.05 5
Cultivable waste
1010
0.21
2568
0.46 6
Permanent pastures and other
grazing lands
2592
0.55
14675
2.65 7
Miscellaneous tree crops and
grooves not included in the
net area sown
263
0.05
210
0.038 8
Current Fallow
18937
4.06
80104
14.49 9
Other Fallow
3459
0.74
0000
--- 10
Net Area Sown*
384731
82.61
369857
66.94
Gross Cropped Area*
558533
119.93
500442
90.57
Cropping intensity (%)
145.20
135.30

6. Land degradation Classes Area (ha)
1. Normal
2. Sheet -erosion (Wsh1)
3. Rills (Wri2)
4. Gullies-severe (Wgu3)
947.25
5. Surface ponding-slight (Lsp1)
 --
6. Surface ponding-moderate (Lsp2)
7. Saline-slight (ssa1)
153.79
8. Saline-Moderate (ssa2)
360.55
9. Saline-Severe (ssa3) --
10. Sodic-Slight (Sso1)
312.91
11. Sodic-Moderate (Sso2)
12. Sodic-Severe (Sso3)
13. Saline Sodic-Moderate (sss2)
49.48
14. Saline Sodic-Severe(sss3)
0.00
15. Mining (Hmd)
110.29
16. Barren Rocky/stony waste (Tbs)
17. Miscellaneous (Tms)
8.92
18. Industrial effluent affected area (Hie)
19. Brick kiln area (Hbk)
Total Geographical Area (ha)
Total Degraded land (ha)
Percent Degraded land
34.12

7. Climate
Total ; 613 mm
Total ; 572 mm

9. Irrigation Resources Sl.no Gadag Koppal Particulars Number
Net sown area, ha
Value/details
Details 1
Canals
18,987 ha irrigation
MRBC 142 km
(60 Distributaries)
39,900
112 (km) 2
Tanks
1516
218
62 (nos) 3
wells
----
Open wells
5012
Area under irrigation in ha
887 NA
Bore wells
31,028
30,341
Tube wells
72,335
6517 (Nos) 4
Lift irrigation
612
10 (Nos) 5
Total irrigated area
50,215 ha
(13.06)
1,13,065
(30.56) 6
Rain fed area
3,34,516
(86.94)
2,56,792
(69.43)

10. Major soil types
Sl.No.
Soil type
Area ( `000 ha)
Gadag 1
Medium black soils
141.2 2
Deep black soils
124.7 3
Shallow black soils
28.3 4
Red and black mixed soils
12.2 5
Red sandy soils
0.1
Koppal
Red soil
253.0
Medium deep black soil
131.5

12. Information on Soils of Gadag District
Taluka
Soil type
Deficient
major nutrients
micro nutrients
Gadag
Deep clay, red gravaley clay
Phosphorous
Zinc
Ron
Deep clay
Nitrogen, Phosphorous
Nargund
Mundaragi
Red gravaley clay, Deep clay,
Shirahatti
Phosphorous, Nitrogen,

13. Fig.1 :Location of the Study area
Karnataka
India
Bhanapur microwatershed
Koppal District
Soil resources of a micro watershed in Koppal District

14. Landscape of Bhanapur microwatershed

15. P5
Location: 15023'30.77" N ,
76001'15.24" E
Classification : Coarse loamy, mixed, isohyperthermic, Lithic Haplustepts

16. P8
Location: 15023'10.28" N,
7601'44.23" E
Classification : Coarse loamy, mixed, isohyperthermic, medium, Psammantic Haplustalf

17. P16
Location: 15023'54.18" N
76001'48.49" E
Classification : Fine clayey, montmorillonitic, isohyperthermic, Typic Calciustert

18. Productivity of important crops (Average of 2007-09)
Sl. No.
Crop
Productivity (kg/ha)
Gadag
Koppal 1
Sorghum
890
1353 2
Greengram
704 -- 3
Groundnut
1414
1238 4
Maize
4500
3123 5
Chickpea
710
Paddy
3447
Bajra
1280 6
Sunflower
1014
Horticultural crops
t/ha
Onion
10.5 7
Greenchilli
17.8 8
Sapota
10.2
14.1 9
Mango
9.8
12.4 10
Banana
28.7
31.4 11
Pomegranate
15.3

20. Livestock and poultry population (in ‘000)
Sl.no
Name of the block
Cattle
Buffalo
Sheep
Goat
Poultry
pig
Total 1
Gadag District
158607
(17.94)
80115
(9.06)
313616
(35.48)
172442
158915
(17.98) NA
883695 2
Koppal District
245296
(43.25)
108787
(19.18)
199671
(35.21)
13275
(2.34)
567029

21. Soil Productivity and constraints
Table : Average productivity of crops during 2005 and 2006 in Bhanapur Micro-watershed
Crops
Average yield (kg/ha)
2005
2006
Black soils
Maize
3320
2130
Groundnut
700
400
Red gram
250 75
Red soils
2860
1600
650
300
Bajra
800
200
210 50
Total Rainfall (mm)
400.63
264.26

22. Soil moisture (%)
Area (ha)
0-5
249.73
5-10
155.86
10-15
78.66
15-20
38.08
20-25
21.57
> 25
38.06
Total
581.96
Fig. : Volumetric soil moisture percentage of Bhanapur microwatershed on 14th July 2006
Fig. : Volumetric soil moisture percentage of Bhanapur microwatershed on 28th June 2006
Soil moisture (%)
Area (ha)
0-5
432.05
5-10
125.45
10-15
24.28
15-20
0.18
Total
581.96

23. Soil moisture (%)
Area (ha)
0-5
297.55
5-10
110.72
10-15
42.03
15-20
33.06
20-25
26.88
> 25
71.72
Total
581.96
Fig. : Volumetric soil moisture percentage of Bhanapur microwatershed on 18th August 2006
Fig. : Volumetric soil moisture percentage of Bhanapur microwatershed on 02nd August 2006
Soil moisture (%)
Area (ha)
0-5
416.82
5-10
71.79
10-15
39.39
15-20
24.22
20-25
10.29
> 25
19.45
Total
581.96

24. Soil moisture (%)
Area (ha)
0-5
458.17
5-10
105.71
10-15
18.08
Total
581.96
Fig. : Volumetric soil moisture percentage of Bhanapur microwatershed on 22nd September 2006
Fig. : Volumetric soil moisture percentage of Bhanapur microwatershed on 06th September 2006
Soil moisture (%)
Area (ha)
0-5
411.44
5-10
110.07
10-15
40.14
15-20
13.77
20-25
5.02
> 25
1.52
Total
581.96

25. Physical and fertility constraints

26. Fig. : Soil texture of Bhanapur microwatershed
Gravel %
Area (ha)
Non gravely
247.38
Gravelly
280.53
Very gravelly
40.36
Extremely gravelly
13.69
Total
581.96
Fig. : Soil texture of Bhanapur microwatershed
119.16
87.18
Fine sand
Fine clay
171.08
Medium coarse
581.96
Total
Very coarse
Area (ha)
Soil texture
154.95
Medium sand
49.59
Fig. : Gravel % of soils of Bhanapur microwatershed

27. Fig. Soil Depth of Bhanapur microwatershed
96.49
Deep (110+)
232.79
Moderate deep (50-100)
581.96
Total
252.68
Shallow (25-50)
Area (ha)
Soil depth (cm)
Fig. Soil Depth of Bhanapur microwatershed
106.78
High water retention (>50%)
166.74
Medium water retention (31-50%)
581.96
Total
308.44
Low water retention (0-30%)
Area (ha)
Maximum water holding capacity
Fig. Maximum water holding capacity of soils of Bhanapur microwatershed

28. Fig. : Soil reaction status of Bhanapur microwatershed
pH range
Area (ha)
Slightly acidic (<6.5)
06.28
Neutral (6.5 – 7.5)
535.36
Alkaline (7.5 – 8.5)
40..32
Total
581.96
Fig. : Soil reaction status of Bhanapur microwatershed
EC (dS/m)
Area (ha)
Non-saline
571.01
Saline
10.95
Total
581.96
Fig. : Salinity status of Bhanapur microwatershed

29. Fig. : Organic carbon status of Bhanapur microwatershed
O.C (%)
Area (ha)
Low
454.13
Medium
126.83
Total
581.96
Fig. : Organic carbon status of Bhanapur microwatershed

30. Fig. : Available nitrogen status of Bhanapur microwatershed
N (kg/ha)
Area (ha)
Low
580.42
Medium
1.54
Total
581.96
Fig. : Available nitrogen status of Bhanapur microwatershed
P2O5 (kg/ha)
Area (ha)
Low
26.71
Medium
555.25
Total
581.96
Fig. : Available phosphorus status of Bhanapur microwatershed

31. Fig. : Available potassium status of Bhanapur microwatershed
K2O (kg/ha)
Area (ha)
Low
66.00
Medium
365.65
High
150.31
Total
581.96
Fig. : Available potassium status of Bhanapur microwatershed
S (mg/kg)
Area (ha)
Low
417.32
Medium
164.64
Total
581.96
Fig. : Available sulphur status of Bhanapur microwatershed

32. Fig. : Available iron status of Bhanapur microwatershed
Fe (mg/kg)
Area (ha)
Deficient
85.46
Sufficient
61.06
Excess
435.44
Total
581.96
Fig. : Available iron status of Bhanapur microwatershed
Mn (mg/kg)
Area (ha)
Excess
581.96
Total
Fig. : Available manganese status of Bhanapur microwatershed

33. Fig. : Available zinc status of Bhanapur microwatershed
Zn (mg/kg)
Area (ha)
Deficient
232.02
Sufficient
349.94
Total
581.96
Fig. : Available zinc status of Bhanapur microwatershed
Cu (mg/kg)
Area (ha)
Deficient
232.02
Sufficient
349.94
Total
581.96
Fig. : Available copper status of Bhanapur microwatershed

34. Generally, soil productivity of the watershed was low.
Important productivity constraints identified are;
Low soil moisture,
Low soil depth,
Gravelly coarse texture
Low organic matter and
Deficiency of N, P, S, Zn and Cu.

35. Demographic details: Population : Gadag Koppal Sl no Population Values% 1
Male
493533
50.78
701479
50.40 2
Female
478302
49.21
689813
49.58 3
Total Population
971835
100.00 4
Rural
629652
64.79
83.20 5
Urban
342183
35.21
233633
16.80

36. literacy status Gadag koppal Sl no Population % 1 Male 79.3 74.26 2
Female
52.5
55.78 3
Total
66.1
67.28

37. RESEARCH PRIORTATION FOR WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT
1.3 Land Resource Inventory and GIS Database for Watershed Planning
Study of natural resources, evaluating soil resources for prioritization of soil and water conservation and assessing suitability of crops.
Identification of various constraints affecting crops productivity and planning for addressing constraints to enhance the productivity of crops.

38. Priority Research Projects in different components
2.1.1 Development and Piloting of Improved Approaches, Tools and Knowledge for Integrated Watershed Management
2.1.2 Adaption of Genomics Derived Drought and Charcoal Rot Resistant rabi Sorghum Varieties and Characterisation of Niche Specific Landraces of Sorghum, Chilli and Chickpea of Gadag and Koppal Districts.
2.1.3 Development of Decision Support Tools for Site Selection and for Design of Soil and Water Conservation measures
Enhancing crop productivity through Site Specific Management of N,P,S and Micronutrients in micro catchments of Gadag and Koppal districts.
2.2. DEVELOPING BEST PRACTICE MODELS FOR IMPROVED HYDROLOGICAL ASSESSMENT AND MONITORING
In situ meteorological monitoring at sub-watershed scale in Gadag District
Hydrological studies and water budgeting of the selected watersheds in Gadag and Koppal districts
Impact of soil and water conservation structures on the groundwater regime of the sub watersheds in Gadag and Koppal districts

39. Research priorities in terms of Horticulture component
Perennial Horticultural components such as fruit crops (Mango, Sapota, Tamarind, Custard apple, amla etc) vegetable crops (curry leaf, drumstick) and perennial species may be introduced for utilizing soil moisture from deeper soil horizons apart from conserving soil and rain water
Mixed dryland orchard systems such as mango/sapota + lime/papaya/custard apple has ample scope in getting early returns with minimum expenditure towards inputs specially labour
Short duration and intensive horticultural activities such as nurseries, cultivation of short duration vegetables such as green leafy and leguminous vegetables can be adopted under watershed areas through which soil physical and chemical properties will be improved.
Drought hardy annual (e.g. Gailardia) and perennial (e.g.Jasmine, chrysanthemum) flower crops and medicinal and aromatic can also be adopted.

40. 2.3  STRENGTHENING OF VALUE CHAINS AND SUPPORT
2.3.1  Value Addition of Economically Important Crops of Gadag District
Establishing of agro-processing units and value addition for Agricultural, Horticultural, livestock and Non-Timber forest produce
A.Market information and intelligence – Analysis and dissemination
2.4 STRENGTHENING MARKET LINKAGES AND HORTICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
Identification of Post Harvest Losses, approaches for improving post harvest losses and addressing agro-processing potentials and constraints
Assessment of Status on Socio-Economic and Agro-Technological Dimensions of Agricultural Systems in Watershed Areas of Gadag and Koppal districts
Strengthening Horticultural Producers Cooperative Marketing and Processing Societies

41. 2.5 SUPPORTING CLIMATE SMART AGRICULTURE – ADAPTATION AND MITIGATION
2.5.1 Comprehensive synthesis report on climate variability and agriculture production, including monsoon events
2.5.2 Adaptive research, development, and field implementation of agro-climate advisory system for farmers, building on ISRO pilot work - research, demonstration in project areas, ICT links
2.5.2 Synthesis And Demonstration of Best Farming Practices For Conservation Agriculture
2.5.3  Potential for soil carbon sequestration under field and agro-forestry systems to enhance productivity and income through Carbon trade in watershed areas of Gadag and Koppal districts
2.5.4 Establishment of Extensive Agroforestry-based Carbon Sinks by Integrating Geo-spatial Information Systems and Participatory Approach to Enhance Productivity and Livelihood in watershed areas of Gadag and Koppal districts
2.5.5 Assessment of climate sensitive crop and animal disease/pest risks in Gadag and Koppal districts

42. Component- 3 INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING
Sub-component 3.1 AGRICULTURE INTENSIFICATION AND WATER USE INFORMATION SYSTEMS
3.1.1 Production of communication materials, field notes, toolkits, videos, etc for dissemination of information on water use information
Sub-component 3.2: Training programs to strengthen extension and watershed management, integration with agriculture and broader program convergence
3.2.1 Technical support to prepare training modules
3.2.2: Training and support to village level extension agents (Jala Mitras Gopal Mitras, farming facilitators)
3.2.3 Training and support to community institutions and farmers on natural resource management, agricultural intensification, soil management, nutrient management, water management and micro-irrigation, conservation agriculture, etc, (through farmer field schools, outreach programs, etc).
3.1 Designing and developing need based e- resources to build pro-climate change mitigation understanding among the local communities in the watershed areas of Gadag and Koppal districts

43. COMPONENT 3: INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING TRAINING PROGRAMMES TO STRENGTHEN EXTENSION AND WATERSHED MANAGEMENT, INTEGRATION WITH AGRICULTURE AND BROADER PROGRAM CONVERGENCE.
Empowerment of SHG members through Micro-enterprises in Watershed areas to achieve livelihood security
3.2 Survey and reporting of Indigenous Technical Knowledge related to soil and water conservation, agriculture and drought adaptation

45. Thank You