Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
Published byNoelia Mayers Modified over 10 years ago
1
From Film to the Internet: 35 years of cartographic animation Michael Peterson Geography - University of Nebraska Omaha
2
Personal Landmarks 1975 - Super 8 Film animation 1986 - Interactive animation with Macintosh Types of animation 1995 - Interactive and Animated Cartography book 1996 - Movie animations. Animation with sound. 2003-2007 - Flight animations 2011 - Thoughts about interaction and animation
3
History of Cartographic Animation Conjecture about first map animated map Maps in stone/paper for most of modern human existence Level of map interaction/ animation Time 1980-1990 2500 BC Ice age of cartography
4
1939 Cartographic Animation German invasion of Warsaw, Poland Disney
5
My Personal Journey 1972-1976 University of Wisconsin-River Falls, BA Film animation with Super 8 1976-1978 Boston University, MA Programming in Fortran 1978-1981 State University of New York at Buffalo, Ph.D. More programming in Fortran / Pascal 1981-1982 University of Zürich, Switzerland, Post-Doc
6
Super 8 - 1975
7
MacChoro 1985-1991 Macintosh program for Choropleth mapping Purchased 512KB, “Big Mac” in 1985 for $2,500 Ported a choropleth mapping program from a DEC VAX computer Program written in Fortran Many late hours: Adapting to event-driven computing menus and dialogs
8
1985 Big Mac 512 KB of memory 400 KB floppy-drive
9
Display Bit-map (pixels either on or off), no color 512 pixels 342 pixels
10
How MacChoro worked Polygon-based map file Spreadsheet-type data file Map update done logically by class interval rather than alphabetically 16 shadings, up to 16 classes Six different methods of data classification - Equal Interval, Quantile, Standard Deviation, Natural Breaks, Unclassed*, User-Defined
11
User Interface Map Elements Map, Title, Legend, Neatline, Text1, Text2 User-defined bounding box to define size of each element User input with dialogs and mouse
12
MacChoro Map
13
Generalization Animation
14
Temporal Animation
15
Classification Animation
16
Trend Animation
17
Map Storage/Comparison
18
Movie Editing Programs 1993 - Adobe Premiere Frame-based animation With individual maps created with MacChoro 1995 - Story maps concept
19
Generalization Animation Percent of births to mothers under 20 years of age; 2 to 7 classes
20
Temporal Animation Nebraska Growth in Irrigation by County
21
Classification Animation Different methods of data classification
22
Spatial Trend Age of Population by Percent, Omaha, Nebraska, by census tract
23
Interactive and Animated Cartography 1995 - Prentice-Hall
24
Story Maps Universit y of Hawaii - 1995 Adobe Premiere
25
Motown Maps
26
Internet Phase - Javascript 1997 --> Mouseover Mouseover // TASK: PRELOADING AND RENAMING IMAGES (SEE THE EXPLANATION ABOVE){picker_n = new Image(200,200);picker_n.src = "picker.gif";red_n = new Image(200,200);red_n.src = "red.gif";blue_n = new Image(200,200);blue_n.src = "blue.gif";yellow_n = new Image(200,200);yellow_n.src = "yellow.gif";
27
Internet Phase Interactive animation with Javascript - Mouseover - 1997
28
Flight Atlas Project 2002-2006 Interest in Frequently Updated Maps (FUMs) Internet Frequently Updated Maps (IFUMs) In cooperation with FlyteComm, Inc.
29
Überblick A NIMATED A TLAS Air Traffic over North America FLIGHT TRACKING Background on Flight Tracking Canada and the USA Data from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is made available to venture capital companies that attempt to provide services with this data FlyteTrax program from FlyteComm
30
Überblick A NIMATED A TLAS Air Traffic over North America FLIGHT TRACKING Herndon, Virginia (near Washington D.C.)
31
Überblick A NIMATED A TLAS Air Traffic over North America FLIGHT TRACKING Average: 3415; High: 5300; Low: 800
32
Überblick A NIMATED A TLAS Air Traffic over North America FLIGHT TRACKING Data made public in 1995 Flight Movement Messages transmitted from the aircraft every minute near airports; every 4 minutes in mid-flight Since 1998, due to security, transmission of data is delayed by 5-10 minutes ASDI (Aircraft Situation Display to Industry)
33
Überblick A NIMATED A TLAS Air Traffic over North America FLIGHT TRACKING Adobe Photoshop FlightTrax 2002 - Windows-based program for displaying the geographic location of aircraft - Program connects to the FlyteComm server through the Internet and receives the current database of air traffic activity - Updates locations every minute - FlyteTrax receives a radar position report on each aircraft once every 4 minutes when the are in the ARTCC airspace - Most minute-by-minute positions based on dead reckoning using the last radar position report, the established ground speed at that position report, and the direction established by the prior two position reports
34
A NIMATED A TLAS
35
Überblick A NIMATED A TLAS Air Traffic over North America FLIGHT TRACKING
36
Überblick A NIMATED A TLAS Air Traffic over North America AIR TRAFFIC ANIMATION FlyteTrax 2002 CaptureEze Pro + Script Adobe Photoshop + batch script Adobe Premiere + batch script Virtual Dub Displays current flight traffic by minute Collection of single pics (1440 min/day) Automatic enhancement of pictures Construction of an analog clock DivX compression 1500 MB 7 MB – 15 MB
37
Überblick A NIMATED A TLAS Air Traffic over North America FLIGHT TRACKING PATTERNS Adobe Photoshop
39
39
40
40 Time Number of flights
41
Überblick A NIMATED A TLAS Air Traffic over North America FLIGHT TRACKING PATTERNS Adobe Photoshop
42
42
43
43
44
Überblick A NIMATED A TLAS Air Traffic over North America FLIGHT TRACKING PATTERNS Adobe Photoshop
45
45
46
46
47
Überblick A NIMATED A TLAS Air Traffic over North America FLIGHT TRACKING PATTERNS Adobe Photoshop
48
48 United Airlines - night traffic from west to east
49
Überblick A NIMATED A TLAS Air Traffic over North America FLIGHT TRACKING PATTERNS Adobe Photoshop
50
50 Bombardier CR-J
51
Überblick A NIMATED A TLAS Air Traffic over North America FLIGHT TRACKING PATTERNS Adobe Photoshop
52
52 JFK New Yorkxt
53
Überblick A NIMATED A TLAS Air Traffic over North America FLIGHT TRACKING PATTERNS Adobe Photoshop
54
Überblick A NIMATED A TLAS Air Traffic over North America FLIGHT TRACKING PATTERNS Adobe Photoshop
55
Überblick A NIMATED A TLAS Air Traffic over North America FLIGHT TRACKING PATTERNS Adobe Photoshop Other Patterns - Non-hub airline - Southwest Airlines - direct city-to-city - Boeing 737 - All night Los Angeles - The effect of zooming on speed (New York) - Concorde Supersonic - All flights - Fedex - overnight package delivery
56
56 Southwest Airlines
57
57 Boeing 737
58
58 All Night LA
59
59 Speed increases with zoom
60
60
61
61 Concorde lands in New York ^
62
62 All Flights
63
63
64
64 Fedex
65
Überblick A NIMATED A TLAS Air Traffic over North America AIR TRAFFIC ANIMATION Adobe Photoshop
66
Überblick A NIMATED A TLAS Air Traffic over North America PUBLICATION Adobe Photoshop Peterson, M. & Wendel, J. (2006) Animated Atlas: Air Traffic over North America. Omaha: Cartography and GIS Laboratory.
67
Final comments Animation is an important technique in our use and understanding of spatial data. Cartographic animation demonstrates that individual maps are only a snap-shot in time. One should ask: What was before? What will come after? What trends would be evident if the time element could be viewed as an animation? The individual map is a snap-shot not only in time but also in terms of the data. What non-temporal trends would be evident if a map were viewed along with other related data sets (e.g., age distribution in a city)? Finally, the individual map is a snap-shot in the choice of the representational forms that were used to depict the world. The use of different symbols or data classifications can also constitute an animation. Interactive and Animated Cartography (1995)
68
The Problem Cartographic animation is not widely used. Why?
69
Top Five Problems 1. File size Distribution dependent on the Internet Internet users are impatient. Animation files take too long to download. Compressed video formats (youtube) are unacceptable for maps.
70
Top Five Problems 2. Animations are hard to make Essentially consist of many maps, requiring multiple data sets May require different levels of generalization GIS programs either don’t incorporate animation or have poor implementations
71
Top Five Problems 3. No monetary incentive Why make many maps when most people are satisfied with one
72
Top Five Problems 4. File format No standard file format for cartographic animation Will the file be readable by different computers? Will the file be readable in the future?
73
Top Five Problems 5. Animation is by definition a non-interactive experience With an interactive map, you can always change something With paper map, you can always look around the map With animation, you look at a very small area of the screen With animation, you just sit and watch - and this is boring
74
The Future of Animation 1. 3-D movie technology will transfer to computers 3-D map animations 2. Faster Internet capable of transmitting larger files 3. Better software to make animations 4. More interactive playback/creation 5. People may eventually expect that maps be animated
Similar presentations
© 2025 SlidePlayer.com Inc.
All rights reserved.