1. Vocabulary Chapter 10 section 2 Kyle Ditsche Kulturkampf- Bismarck’s “battle for civilazation” in which his goal was to make Catholics put loyalty to the state above their allgianence to the Church William II- Succeeded his grandfather as Kaiser. He tried to put a stamp on Germany. Socail Welfare- Program to help certain groups of people

2. Outline A. Germany Becomes an Industrial Giant 1. Making Economic a) Germany’s spectacular growth was due in part to ample iron and coal resources b) a disciplined and educated workforce also helped the economy too c) Germany’s population grew from 41 million in 1871 to 67 million in 1914 2. Promoting Scientific and Economic Devlopment a) German industrialists were the first to see the value of applied science in developing new products such as synthetic chamicals and dyes b) industrialists supported research and development in universities

3. Outline B. The Iron Chancellor 1. Campaign Against the Church a) Catholics made up about one third of the population b) Bismarck launched Kulturkampf which lasted from 1871 to 1878, his goal was to make Catholics put loyalty to the state above allegiance to the Church c) his moves against the church backfired 2. Campaign Against the Socialists a) By the late 1870s, German Marxists had organized the Social Democratic party, which called for parliamentary democracy and laws to improve conditions of the working class.

4. Outline C. Kaiser William II a) In 1888, William II succeeded his grandfather as Kaiser. b) In 1890, he shocked Europe by asking the dominating Bismarck to resign. c) he really believed that his right to rule came from God.

6. Camillo Cauvor- Was determined to build a new, united Italy. Giuseppe Garibaldi- A longtime nationalist and an ally of Mazzini, wanted to create a Italian republic. Anarchists- People who want to abolish all government, turned to sabotage and violence. Emigration- movement away from their homeland

7. 1.Obstacles to Italian Unity A. Mazzini's Establishes Young Italy a.1830’s Giuseppe founded young Italy b.1849 he helped set up a revolutionary republic in Rome. B.Nationalist Takes Root a. Revolution have failed b. Nationalist reminded Italians of the glories of the ancient Rome and medieval papacy. 2. Struggle for Italy C. Cavuor becomes Prime Minister a. 1848 leadership of the Risorgimento or Italian nationalist movement, passed to the Kingdom of Sardinia. b. 1852 Victor Emmanuel made Camillo Cauvor his prime minister.

8. D. Intrigue with France a. 1855 Sardinia led by Cavuor, joined Britain France against Russia in Crimean b.1858 Covuor negotiated a secret deal with Napoleon who promised to aid Sardinia in case it faced war E. Garibindi’s “Red Shirts” a. Garbindi wanted to create a Italian republic. b.1860, Garbindi had recruited a force of 1,00 red shirt volunteers, he provided weapons F. Unity at Last a. Cavuor died in 1861, but his successors completed dream b. 1870, France was forced to withdraw its troop from Rome.

9. Russia: Reform and Reaction Brian Keen

10. Vocabulary colossus-giant Alexander-came to the throne in 1855 Crimean war-war fought mainly on the Crimean peninsula between the Russian’s and the British, French, and Turks Emancipation-grant of freedom of serfs and slaves Zemstvo- local elected assembly set up in Russia under Alexander Pogrom- violent attack on a Jewish community Refugees-people who flee their homeland to seek safety Duma-elected national legislature in Russia Peter Stolypin-Russian prime minister

11. Reform and Reaction 1.Conditions in Russia A. By 1815 Russia was the largest most populous nation in Europe and also a great world power 2. Russia’s social structure A. landowning Nobles dominated society and rejected any change B. Many enlightened Russians knew that serfdom was inefficient C. Most serfs were peasants, others were servants, artisans, or soldiers forced into the Tsars army. 3. Emancipations and stirrings of Revolution A. Alexander came to the throne B. his reign represents the power of reform

12. 1.The drive to industrialize A. Russia finally entered the industrial age under Alexander III and his son Nicholas II. B. political problems and social problems increased as a result of industrialization C. In the slums around the factories poverty, disease and discontent multiplied 2. Turning point: crisis and revolution A. When the war broke out between Russia and Japan in 1904, Nicholas II called on his people to fight for the faith

13. – The revolution of 1905 A. In the months that followed Bloody Sunday, discontent exploded B. In some cities workers took over the government Results of the revolution A. The manifesto won over the moderates, leaving Socialists isolated. These divisions helped the Tsar who had no intentions letting strikers, revolutionaries, and rebellious peasants challenge him.