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Published byGiana Pickering Modified over 9 years ago
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Respiration
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Jawless Fishes Gills - pore-like openings 7 pairs of gill pouches in lamprey 5-15 pairs of gill pouches in hagfish, but varying numbers of openings (as few as one/side)
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Hagfish gills Gill pouches connect directly to pharynx Two gills in each pouch May or may not open directly to outside (depending on species) May play role in digestion/nutrient absorption
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Lampreys Problems with respiration during feeding - no water via pharynx Developed separate canal to carry respiratory water - from pore on head to gill pouches
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Lamprey gills Two gills per pouch Each pouch has separate exit pore to outside
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Gills in Chondricthyes and Osteichthyes Gill filaments attached to posterior sides of bony or cartilaginous gill arches Gill rakers located on anterior sides of arches
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Class Chondrichthyes Gills (pairs of them) located in separate chambers leading from pharynx Chambers separated by septa (tissues) gills are septate Each has separate gill slit to outside
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Skates and rays Skates and rays have ventral gill slits
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Skates and rays Spiracle behind each eye - better developed in skates and rays than in sharks Likely a modified gill slit Used to take in respiratory water in benthic skates and rays
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Osteichthyes gills Respiration via 4 pairs of gills No individual openings to outside Gills on each side covered by single, flap-like operculum Respiration via 4 pairs of gills No individual openings to outside Gills on each side covered by single, flap-like operculum
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Branchiostegal rays Associated with operculum Allow for expanding volume of mouth, pharynx chambers while keeping opercula closed Accordian-like action
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Osteichthyes gills Each gill is actually a pair of rows of filaments each attached to the same gill arch Gills not separated by septa - aseptate
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Aseptate gills
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Gill Structure
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Gill fine structure Filaments are not simple finger-like tissues Each filament comprised of stacked plates or lamellae Greatly increases surface area for interaction with water flowing across gills (water flows between lamellae)
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Dual Respiratory Systems Some fish have dual respiratory systems Gills and lungs
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Gills and lungs Gills are main respiratory organs Lungs serve as back-up system when gills no longer capable of providing gas exchange
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Lungs
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Pouches branch off esophagus Breathe air at surface or when they remain out of water
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Paired lungs in lungfish
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Lungfish lung - left
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Lungfish lung Lungs are mostly simple sacs with network of arteries, veins Only the most intricate have beginnings of internal compartmentalization
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Lungs Paired lungs necessary because of alternating wet and dry periods Become main respiratory organ when gills become useless Paired lungs necessary because of alternating wet and dry periods Become main respiratory organ when gills become useless
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Lungs in many fish Lungs are present in many of the more primitive fishes Lungfish, bichir, gars, bowfin relatives, sturgeons All have varying connections with esophagus Lungs are present in many of the more primitive fishes Lungfish, bichir, gars, bowfin relatives, sturgeons All have varying connections with esophagus
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Swim Bladder Swim bladder probably arose from paired lungs of primitive fish Lungs were present before swim bladder
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Other respiratory organs Mudskippers and European eels can derive significant amounts (10-90%) of oxygen via cutaneous respiration
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Other respiratory organs Walking catfishes (Clariidae) use suprabranchial arborescent organs to respire during their “walks” Bush-like extensions from gills that do not collapse when out of water
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Other respiratory organs Mudskippers have folded and highly vascularized interior walls of opercula/gill chambers, diverticula in mouth and pharyngeal cavities (snakeheads also have the latter)
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Other respiratory organs Armored catfishes (Loricariidae) use thin-walled stomach for respiration Loaches (Cobitidae) use middle/posterior portions of digestive tract
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