1. An illustration from … T. MADHAVAN, M.Sc., M.L.I.S., M.Ed., M.Phil., P.G.D.C.A., Lecturer in Zoology.. This power  presentation optimized for the students who aspires for medical studies EXIT Urinary System

2. An illustration from … T. MADHAVAN, M.Sc., M.L.I.S., M.Ed., M.Phil., P.G.D.C.A., Lecturer in Zoology.. This power  presentation optimized for the students who aspires for medical studies EXIT

3. An illustration from … T. MADHAVAN, M.Sc., M.L.I.S., M.Ed., M.Phil., P.G.D.C.A., Lecturer in Zoology.. This power  presentation optimized for the students who aspires for medical studies EXIT Reduction in the ability of the kidneys to filter waste products from the blood and excrete them in the urine is called as renal failure. renal failure þÃò¾ò¾¢Ä¢ÕóÐ ¸Æ¢×ô¦À¡Õð¸¨Ç ÅʸðÊ º¢Ú¿£Ã¡¸ ¦ÅÇ¢§ÂüÚž¢ø ²üÀÎõ ̨ÈÀ¡Î º¢Ú¿£Ã¸î ¦ºÂÄ¢ÆôÒ ¬Ìõ. º¢Ú¿£Ã¸î ¦ºÂÄ¢ÆôÒ

4. An illustration from … T. MADHAVAN, M.Sc., M.L.I.S., M.Ed., M.Phil., P.G.D.C.A., Lecturer in Zoology.. This power  presentation optimized for the students who aspires for medical studies EXIT 1.¾¡Ð ¯ôÒ¸û ºÁ¿¢¨Ä Á¡ÚÀ¡Î 2.¯¼Ä¢ý ¿£÷îºÁ¿¢¨Ä Á¡ÚÀ¡Î 3.þÃò¾ «Øò¾ Á¡ÚÀ¡Î 4.þÃò¾õ, ¾¢Íì¸Ç¢ø Ô§ÃÁ¢Â¡ 5.§Å¾¢Âü ¦À¡Õð¸Ç¢ý ¾¡ì¸õ þÅüÈ¡ø Àø§ÅÚ Ì¨ÈÀ¡Î¸û, §¿¡ö¸û ¯ñ¼¡¸¢ýÈÉ. º¢Ú¿£Ã¸î ¦ºÂÄ¢ÆôÀ¢ý Å¢¨Ç׸û: Imbalance in regulation of 1.Water, 2.Minerals, 3.Salts and Ions, Uremia and other chemical disturbances leads to various disorders and diseases. Renal failure: effects

5. An illustration from … T. MADHAVAN, M.Sc., M.L.I.S., M.Ed., M.Phil., P.G.D.C.A., Lecturer in Zoology.. This power  presentation optimized for the students who aspires for medical studies EXIT º¢Ú¿£Ã¸î ¦ºÂÄ¢ÆôÒ Å¨¸¸û: ¯¼ÉÊ ¦ºÂÄ¢ÆôÒ (Acute) ¦ºÂÄ¢Æò¾Öì¸¡É ¸¡Ã½ò¾¢¨É ¸ñ¼È¢óÐ ¯Ã¢Â ÁÕòÐÅ º¢¸¢î¨ºÂ¢ý ãÄõ º¢Ú¿£Ã¸õ Á£ñÎõ þÂøÀ¡É ¿¢¨Ä¨Â «¨¼Â ÓÊÔõ. ¦ÁÐÅ¡¸ ¦ºÂÄ¢Æò¾ø (Chronic) ¸¡Äô§À¡ì¸¢ø ¦ÁÐÅ¡¸ ¦ºÂÄ¢Æò¾Ä¢ø º¢Ú¿£Ã¸õ Á£ñÎõ þÂøÀ¡É ¿¢¨Ä¨Â «¨¼Å¾¢ø¨Ä. Renal Failure (Kidney failure): Types Acute Renal Failure (sudden onset): Kidney function returns normal once the causes have been discovered and treated. Chronic Renal Failure (developing more gradually): Kidney function does not revive

6. An illustration from … T. MADHAVAN, M.Sc., M.L.I.S., M.Ed., M.Phil., P.G.D.C.A., Lecturer in Zoology.. This power  presentation optimized for the students who aspires for medical studies EXIT º¢Ú¿£Ã¸õ ¸¡Äô§À¡ì¸¢ø ¦ÁÐÅ¡¸ ¦ºÂÄ¢Æò¾Öì¸¡É ¸¡Ã½í¸û : ̨Èó¾ þÃò¾ µð¼õ, ¦ÀÕõ §¿¡ö À¡¾¢ôÒ, ¸¨½Â §¿¡ö¸û, þ¾Â §¿¡ö¸û, º¢Ú¿£Ã¸ Á¡üÚ «Ú¨Å º¢¸¢î¨ºÂ¢ý ãÄõ þÂÄ¢ÆôÀ¢¨É µÃÇÅ¢üÌ ºÃ¢ ¦ºöÂÄ¡õ. Chronic Kidney failure is caused and developed by poor supply of blood, major illness, heart attack, pancreatitis poor supply of blood, major illness, heart attack, pancreatitis. Kidney transplantation is suggested for this type of failure.

7. An illustration from … T. MADHAVAN, M.Sc., M.L.I.S., M.Ed., M.Phil., P.G.D.C.A., Lecturer in Zoology.. This power  presentation optimized for the students who aspires for medical studies EXIT Kidney stones (Calculii)  Stone formation in Kidneys, Ureters or Bladder, is caused by the precipitation of some substances (solutions) in the Urine.  Kidney and Ureter stones are more common than Bladder stones.  Chronic dehydration is the main cause for kidney stones.  Incidence of stone formation is higher in summer months  The stones tend to be a recurrent problem º¢Ú¿£Ã¢ø ¯ûÇ ¦À¡Õð¸Ç¢ý Å£úÀʾġø (Precipitation) º¢Ú¿£Ã¸í¸û, º¢Ú¿£÷ ¿¡Çí¸û ÁüÚõ º¢Ú¿£÷ô¨À ¬¸¢ÂÅüÈ¢ø º¢Ú¿£Ã¸ì ¸ü¸û ¯ñ¼¡¸¢ýÈÉ. º¢Ú¿£Ã¸í¸û, º¢Ú¿£÷ ¿¡Çí¸û ¬¸¢ÂÅüÈ¢ø º¢Ú¿£Ã¸ì ¸ü¸û Á¢¸ «¾¢¸ «ÇÅ¢ø §¾¡ýÚ¸¢ýÈÉ. ¯¼Ä¢ø ¾¢ÃÅ þÆôÒ ²üÀðÎ º¢Ú¿£Ã¢ý «¼÷×ò ¾ý¨Á «¾¢¸Ã¢ò¾Ä¡ø º¢Ú¿£Ã¸ì ¸ü¸û §¾¡ýÚ¸¢ýÈÉ. §¸¡¨¼ ¸¡Äí¸Ç¢ø þ󿢸ú× «¾¢¸ «ÇÅ¢ø ¿¨¼¦ÀÚõ. º¢Ú¿£Ã¸ì ¸ü¸û. (calculus)

8. An illustration from … T. MADHAVAN, M.Sc., M.L.I.S., M.Ed., M.Phil., P.G.D.C.A., Lecturer in Zoology.. This power  presentation optimized for the students who aspires for medical studies EXIT Kidney stones consists mainly of Calcium Oxalate and / or Phosphate. Stones consisting mainly of uric acid comprises about 5% of the total. Kidney stones are prevalent among the people with Gout. Bladder stone usually develops as a result of a diet that is low in phosphate and protein. ¦¸Çð GOUT §¿¡Â¡ø À¡¾¢ì¸ôÀð¼Å÷¸Ç¢Öõ º¢Ú¿£Ã¸ì ¸ü¸û ¯ñ¼¡¸¢ýÈÉ. Òþõ, À¡Š§Àð ̨Èó¾ ¯½¨Å ¯ð¦¸¡ûž¡Öõ, ¦¾¡¼÷óÐ ¿£÷ ÀÕÌõ «Ç× Ì¨Èž¡Öõ º¢Ú¿£÷ô¨À¢ø º¢Ú¿£Ã¸ì ¸ü¸û ¯ñ¼¡¸¢ýÈÉ. Kidney stones (Calculii) º¢Ú¿£Ã¸ì ¸ü¸û. (calculus)

9. An illustration from … T. MADHAVAN, M.Sc., M.L.I.S., M.Ed., M.Phil., P.G.D.C.A., Lecturer in Zoology.. This power  presentation optimized for the students who aspires for medical studies EXIT º¢Ú¿£Ã¸ì ¸ü¸û: º¢¸¢î¨º Calculus: Therapy º¢Ú¿£÷ ¿¡Çí¸û ÁüÚõ º¢Ú¿£÷ô¨À ¬¸¢ÂÅüÈ¢ø ¯ÕÅ¡Ìõ º¢Ú¿£Ã¸ì ¸ü¸¨Ç Cystoscopy and Uretero-renoscopy ãÄõ ºÃ¢ ¦ºöÂÄ¡õ. Ó¾ø¾Ã º¢¸¢î¨ºÂ¡¸ Lithotripsy ±Ûõ º¢¸¢î¨º ãÄõ º¢Ú¿£Ã¸ì ¸ü¸¨Ç «¾¢÷ŨĸǢɡø ÓüÈ¢ÖÁ¡¸ º¢¨¾ì¸Ä¡õ. Stones in the Bladder and lower ureter can be crushed and remove by Cystoscopy and Ureno-renoscopy. first line treatment is lithotripsy which disintegrates stones by focusing shock waves on them from outside of the body.

10. º¢Ú¿£Ã¸ì ¸ü¸û. (calculus)

11. An illustration from … T. MADHAVAN, M.Sc., M.L.I.S., M.Ed., M.Phil., P.G.D.C.A., Lecturer in Zoology.. This power  presentation optimized for the students who aspires for medical studies EXIT º¢Ú¿£Ã¸ì ¸ü¸û. (calculus)

12. An illustration from … T. MADHAVAN, M.Sc., M.L.I.S., M.Ed., M.Phil., P.G.D.C.A., Lecturer in Zoology.. This power  presentation optimized for the students who aspires for medical studies EXIT Kidney Transplantationº¢Ú¿£Ã¸ Á¡üÚ º¢¸¢î¨º À¡¾¢ì¸ôÀð¼ º¢Ú¿£Ã¸ò¾¢üÌ À¾¢Ä¡¸ Áü¦È¡ÕÅ÷ «øÄÐ ºüÚ Óý þÈó¾Åâ¼õ ¯ûÇ ¿ÄÁ¡É º¢Ú¿£Ã¸ò¨¾ «Ú¨Å º¢¸¢î¨º ãÄõ Á¡üÚž¢¨É 'º¢Ú¿£Ã¸ Á¡üÚ' º¢¸¢î¨º ±ÉÄ¡õ. 1.§¿¡öò¦¾¡üÈ¢¨É ¾Å¢÷ì¸ §¿¡ö ±¾¢÷ôÒ ÁÕóÐ (immune suppresant drug treatment) º¢¸¢î¨º «Ç¢ò¾ø «Åº¢Âõ. 2. º¢Ú¿£Ã¸ ¦¸¡¨¼Â¡Ç¢Â¢ý ¾¢ÍÅ¢ý ¾ý¨Á¢¨É ¦ÀÚÀÅâý ¾¢ÍÅ¢ý ¾ý¨ÁÔ¼ý ´ôÀ£Î ¦ºö¾ø Tissue typing Á¢¸ «Åº¢Âõ. 3. ¦¸¡¨¼Â¡Ç¢Â¢ý ¯¼Ä¢Ä¢ÕóÐ º¢Ú¿£Ã¸ò¨¾ À¢Ã¢ò¦¾Îò¾×¼ý ¾Ìó¾ ÌÇ¢÷ó¾ ¬ì…¢ƒ§ÉüÈ ¾¢ÃÅò¾¢ø Íò¾õ ¦ºö¾ø º¢Ú¿£Ã¸õ Àؾ¨¼Å¨¾ ¾Å¢÷츢ÈÐ. Kidney transplantation is the implantation of healthy kidney from a living person or from cadaver in the place of the diseased kidney. Factors improving the transplant surgery are: 1.Immune suppressant drug treatment given to prevent the infection. 2.Tissue typing of donor and recipient of tissues which minimise the risk of rejection. 3.After removal of the organ from donor it must be washed with oxygenated fluid and cooled to reduce the risk of damage.

13. An illustration from … T. MADHAVAN, M.Sc., M.L.I.S., M.Ed., M.Phil., P.G.D.C.A., Lecturer in Zoology.. This power  presentation optimized for the students who aspires for medical studies EXIT Dialysis involves a technique used for removing waste products from the blood and excess fluid from the body as a treatment for kidney failure. Kidneys filter nearly 180 liters of blood daily, reabsorbs essential nutrients and minerals with water. Acute or chronic renal failure causes the malfunction of kidney which deposits waste products accumulate in the blood. It is very fatal. This can be avoided through the intensive treatment by artificial means of dialysis. Dialysis is called as artificial kidney. º¢Ú¿£Ã¸õ ´Õ ¿¡¨ÇìÌ 180Ä¢. þÃò¾ ÅʦÀ¡Õ¨Ç Åʸðθ¢ÈÐ. þ¾¢Ä¢ÕóÐ «Åº¢ÂÁ¡É ¾¡Ð ¯ôÒ¸û, «ÂÉ¢¸û §À¡ýÈÅü¨È ¯È¢ïº¢ì¦¸¡û¸¢ÈÐ. º¢Ú¿£Ã¸î ¦ºÂÄ¢ÆôÒ ²üÀÎõ§À¡Ð þ󿢸ú¢ø ¾¨¼ ²üÀðÎ þÃò¾ò¾¢ø ¸Æ¢×¸û «¾¢¸Ã¢ì¸¢ÈÐ. þ¾É¡ø ¯Â¢ÕìÌ À¡¾¢ôÒ ²üÀÎõ Å¢¨Ç׸û §¾¡ýÚ¸¢ýÈÉ. þùÅ¢¨Ç׸¨Ç ¾Å¢÷ì¸ °ÎÀÌôÒ dialysis ¦ºö¾ø ãÄõ ºÃ¢ ¦ºöÂÄ¡õ. º¢Ú¿£Ã¸ ¦ºÂÄ¢ÆôÀ¢¨É þÃò¾ò¾¢ø ¯ûÇ ¸Æ¢×ô ¦À¡Õð¸û ÁüÚõ «¾¢¸ôÀÊÂ¡É ¾¢ÃÅí¸¨Ç ¯¼Ä¢Ä¢Õó§¾ °ÎÀÌôÒ dialysis ¦ºö¾ø Ó¨È ãÄõ ¦ÅÇ¢§ÂüÈÄ¡õ.

14. An illustration from … T. MADHAVAN, M.Sc., M.L.I.S., M.Ed., M.Phil., P.G.D.C.A., Lecturer in Zoology.. This power  presentation optimized for the students who aspires for medical studies EXIT ÁÕòЊШÈ¢ø °ÎÀÌôÒ Ó¨È¸û:  ¦Àâ𧼡ɢÂø °ÎÀÌôÒ Peritonial dialysis  þÃò¾ °ÎÀÌôÒ Haemo-dialysis. Kinds of Dialysis in Clinical medicine are Haemo-dialysis and Peritonial dialysis.

15. An illustration from … T. MADHAVAN, M.Sc., M.L.I.S., M.Ed., M.Phil., P.G.D.C.A., Lecturer in Zoology.. This power  presentation optimized for the students who aspires for medical studies EXIT

16. An illustration from … T. MADHAVAN, M.Sc., M.L.I.S., M.Ed., M.Phil., P.G.D.C.A., Lecturer in Zoology.. This power  presentation optimized for the students who aspires for medical studies EXIT DIALYSISDIALYSIS

17. An illustration from … T. MADHAVAN, M.Sc., M.L.I.S., M.Ed., M.Phil., P.G.D.C.A., Lecturer in Zoology.. This power  presentation optimized for the students who aspires for medical studies EXIT Kidney Machine º¢Ú¿£Ã¸ þÂó¾¢Ãõ

18. An illustration from … T. MADHAVAN, M.Sc., M.L.I.S., M.Ed., M.Phil., P.G.D.C.A., Lecturer in Zoology.. This power  presentation optimized for the students who aspires for medical studies EXIT Kidney Machine º¢Ú¿£Ã¸ þÂó¾¢Ãõ A kidney machine is a mechanical device through which the patients’ blood passes. The blood usually leaves the body from an artery of fore arm and return to a nearby vein. Inside the machine blood flows over or between the membranes containing the dialysing fluid. The solid constituents in the blood in excess of normal diffuse across the membrane into the diaylzing fluid. In this way wates like urea are extracted from the body. Blood cells and proteins remain in the blood. The process is called renal dialysis. þì¸ÕŢ¢ý ¯û§Ç º¢Ú¿£Ã¸õ ¦ºÂÄ¢Æó¾Åâý Óý ¸Ãò¾¢ý ¾Áɢ¢ĢÕóÐ þÃò¾õ ¦ºÖò¾ôÀθ¢ÈÐ. þùÅ¢Âó¾¢Ãò¾¢ý ¯ûÇ¢ÕìÌõ °ÎÀÌôÒò¾¢ÃÅ À¼Äí¸Ç¢¨¼§Â þÃò¾õ ¦ºø¸¢ÈÐ. þÃò¾ò¾¢ø äâ¡ ¸Æ¢×¸û, «¾¢¸ôÀÊÂ¡É ¾¢ýÁ ¦À¡Õð¸û À¢Ã¢ì¸ôÀθ¢ýÈÉ. þÃò¾ ¦ºø¸û, Òþí¸û þÃò¾ò¾¢ø ¾í¸¢Å¢Î¸¢ýÈÉ. Á£ñÎõ Óý ¸Ãò¾¢ý º¢¨Ã ÅÆ¢§Â ¯ð¦ºÖò¾ôÀθ¢ÈÐ. þ󿢸úÅ¢üÌ º¢Ú¿£Ã¸ °ÎÀÌôÒ ±ýÚ ¦ÀÂ÷.

19. An illustration from … T. MADHAVAN, M.Sc., M.L.I.S., M.Ed., M.Phil., P.G.D.C.A., Lecturer in Zoology.. This power  presentation optimized for the students who aspires for medical studies EXIT ¦Àâ𧼡ɢÂø °ÎÀÌôÒ write notes on Peritonial dialysis

20. An illustration from … T. MADHAVAN, M.Sc., M.L.I.S., M.Ed., M.Phil., P.G.D.C.A., Lecturer in Zoology.. This power  presentation optimized for the students who aspires for medical studies EXIT