6. THANATOCHEMISTRY

7. CRYOGENY

10. Cryogenics: A How-To Manual 1) Remove head 2) Immerse head in hypertonic glycerol bath 3) Place head in liquid nitrogen until ??? 4) Place head in distilled water 5) Enjoy!

11. Why doesn’t cryogenics work?

12. TONICITY Def: Relative measure of dissolved particles (solute) in the solution surrounding the cell membrane Measurement is always compared to interior/cytoplasm of cell Water does not have a tonic classification as it is invariably the solvent

14. PLASMOLYSIS DEF: Loss of water and turgor due to placement of cell in HYPERTONIC environment Water leaves cell via osmosis, causing vacuole to shrink, or cytoplasm to lose volume (crenation)

15. CYTOLYSIS Def: Cells placed in HYPOTONIC environments may undergo cytolysis/cell rupture as water enters the cell Loss of the lipid bilayer ultimate causes cell death

16. TURGOR In plants, the cell wall resists cytolysis in hypotonic environments This turgor pressure allows the plant to resist gravity

17. Lab: Semipermeable Membranes and Osmosis Purpose: To analyze the movement of solutes and water across a selectively permeable membrane Method: Tracking movement of solutes and water achieved by use of organic indicators and qualitative description of turgor (rigidity of fluid filled container)

18. Dialysis Loss of kidney membrane permeability due to disease or damage requires dialysis Wastes are removed from body by passing blood through an artificial cell membrane

19. Protocol #1 Fill beaker 2/3rds full with tap water Add Lugol’s solution until mixture is amber

20. Protocol #2 Open wet dialysis tube using fingers and glass rod. Tie one end off with string Using seral pipettes fill tube with starch and glucose solutions Tie off open end. Do NOT leave space for air Trim the strings and excess tubing

21. Protocol #3 Immerse “cell” in iodine-water bath Allow to sit for 20 minutes while doing Protocol #4 After 20 minutes, qualitatively assess color of bath, cell and turgidity of cell Retest water with Tes-Tape to check for presence of Glucose

22. Protocol #4 Observe Elodea cells in fresh water (pre- made slide) and sketch Make a 2 nd slide using one Elodea leaf and a drop of 6% NaCl solution Sketch the 2 nd slide, noting any changes between the fresh water and salt water

23. Lab: Semipermeable Membranes and Osmosis Purpose: To analyze the movement of solutes and water across a selectively permeable membrane Method: Tracking movement of solutes and water achieved by use of organic indicators and qualitative description of turgor (rigidity of fluid filled container)

24. Protocol #1 Fill beaker 2/3rds full with tap water Add Lugol’s solution until mixture is amber Test water with Tes-Tape to determine if glucose is present in the bath

25. Protocol #2 Open wet dialysis tube using fingers and glass rod. Tie one end off with string Using seral pipettes fill tube with starch and glucose solutions Tie off open end. Do NOT leave space for air Trim the strings and excess tubing

26. Protocol #3 Immerse “cell” in iodine-water bath Allow to sit for 20 minutes while doing Protocol #4 After 20 minutes, qualitatively assess color of bath, cell and turgidity of cell Retest water with Tes-Tape to check for presence of Glucose