1. DNA, Protein Synthesis and Viruses
CHAPTER 12 TEST REVIEW
DNA, Protein Synthesis and Viruses

2. Label the Parts of the Bacteriophage:

3. Label the Parts of the Bacteriophage
1 = DNA
2 = protein coat
3 = tail fiber
4 = tail 4

4. #2 Which Scientist(s) ANSWER: Beadle and Tatum (F)
HINT 1: worked with Neurospora crassa
HINT 2: worked as a team
HINT 3: one-gene-one-enzyme or one-gene-one-protein
ANSWER: Beadle and Tatum (F)

5. #2 Which Scientist(s)? HINT 1: worked on finding DNA structure
HINT 2: stole the Photo 51
HINT 3: also got Nobel Prize
ANSWER: Maurice (the beast) Wilkins (G)

6. #2 Which Scientist(s)? ANSWER: Chargaff (D)
HINT 1: worked with animal sperm
HINT 2: a hottie
HINT 3: found A-T and C-G amounts even
ANSWER: Chargaff (D)

7. #2 Which Scientist(s)? ANSWER: Frederick Griffith (B) HINT 1: 1920’s
HINT 2: worked with Pneumococcus bacteria R and S strains
HINT 3: Found hereditary transformation
ANSWER: Frederick Griffith (B)

8. #2 Which Scientist(s)? ANSWER: Rosalind Franklin (A)
HINT 1: worked on finding DNA structure
HINT 2: used x-ray crystallography Photo 51
HINT 3: a woman
ANSWER: Rosalind Franklin (A)

9. #2 Which Scientist(s)? ANSWER: Watson and Crick (E)
HINT 1: worked on finding DNA structure
HINT 2: first put bases on outside instead of inside
HINT 3: won Nobel prize for finding DNA structure
ANSWER: Watson and Crick (E)

10. #2 Which Scientist(s)? ANSWER: Hershey and Chase (C)
HINT 1: Found DNA to be the genetic material
HINT 2: used bacteriophages
HINT 3:used “hot” sulfur and phosphorus
ANSWER: Hershey and Chase (C)

11. #2 Which scientist(s)? ANSWER: Avery (H)
HINT 1: found DNA was genetic material
HINT 2: separated bacteria into: carbos, DNA, protein, RNA by a centrifuge
HINT 3: bald
ANSWER: Avery (H)

12. SHUT YOUR PIE HOLE!

13. #3 Name ways RNA is different from DNA:
1. RNA = Ribose sugar instead of Deoxyribose in DNA
2. DNA A-T C-G
RNA A-U C-G
3. RNA= Single stranded instead of Double in DNA
4. RNA can go in and out of nucleus, DNA must stay in nucleus
5. DNA can repair itself, RNA cannot

14. What three parts of DNA make up one nucleotide?
ANSWER:
sugar
Phosphate
Nitrogenous base
(remember the song)

15. EXTRA: What is the complementary side of this DNA strand? (DNA – DNA)
G - A - T - T - G - A - C - C - T - C - G – G
ANSWER:
C - T - A - A - C - T - G - G - A - G - C- C

16. What is the complementary mRNA strand? (DNA – mRNA)
G - A - T - T - G - A - C - C - T - C - G – G
ANSWER:
C - U - A - A - C - U - G - G - A - G - C- C

17. #4 Identify the DNA parts:B C D E

18. #4 Identify the DNA parts
A PHOSPHATE
B Deoxyribose Sugar
C Nitrogenous Bases (A-T-C-G)
Covalent
bond
D Hydrogen Bond
Nucleotide = sugar, phosphate, base

19. #5 Which process? Does DNA copy itself? ANSWER: Replication (A)
Is the movement of tRNA from A to P site on the ribosome?
ANSWER: Translocation (B)

20. #5 Which process? Codes DNA to mRNA? ANSWER? Transcription (C)
Codes mRNA to tRNA and protein?
ANSWER: Translation (D)

21. #5 What happens at the P and A sites of a ribosome during translation?
A = amino acid is dropped off
P = polypeptide builds
Process is translocation (B)

22. #6 Which enzyme?
Unwinds DNA from its spiral
ANSWER: Topoisomerase (B)

23. #6 Which enzyme?
Separates the 2 DNA strands (breaks H bonds for replication)
ANSWER: Helicase (D)

24. Adds nucleotides to DNA for elongation and also for proofreading
#6 Which enzyme?
Adds nucleotides to DNA for elongation and also for proofreading
ANSWER: DNA polymerase (C)

25. Binds Okazaki fragments in the lagging strand
#6 Which enzyme?
Binds Okazaki fragments in the lagging strand
ANSWER: Ligase (A)

26. Adds RNA nucleotide primers
#6 Which enzyme?
Adds RNA nucleotide primers
ANSWER: Primase (E)

27. #6 Which enzyme?
Makes RNA’s
ANSWER: RNA polymerase (G)

28. #7 Which is a physical or chemical agent that causes mutations?
A. mutagen
B. mutagenesis
C. mutation
D. reading frame
ANSWER: A mutagen

29. #7 Which is any change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA?
A. Mutagenesis
B. mutation
C. mutagen
D. reading frame
ANSWER: B
mutation
Epidermodysplasia verruciformis
Uncontrolled HPV infections result in the growth of scaly macules and papules

30. Tree Man Pictures
Before and After Images : Tree Man : Discovery Health

31. #7 Which is the triplet grouping (a mutation can alter it to shift)
B. mutagenesis
C. mutagen
D. reading frame
ANSWER: D reading frame

32. ADD What is a HOX gene?
They produce genes that share those that control: (WHICH)
A. eye development
B. Cancer
C. Body plan
D. hair development

33. ADD What is a HOX gene?
They produce genes that share Body plan control C

34. #8 What are some examples of mutagens?
UV Rays
pesticides
cigarettes
X-rays

35. #9 What is polyploidy? N 2N 4N

36. #9 What is polyploidy? multiple sets of chromosomes EX: 4N, 5N
Usually beneficial for plants

37. #10 Operon (group of genes working together)
Promoter (start)– latches on to the beginning enzyme
Operator (controller)– attaches on to repressor, can stop or allow the protein production
Repressor (brake)– binds to operator to stop production

38. #10 Operon VCAC: Molecular Processes: Lac Operon: The Movie
The lac Operon
HERE
Lac Operon Animation (no sound)

39. ALSO: What is NOT part of an operon?
Operator
Terminator
Promoter
Repressor
ANSWER: terminator

40. #11 What amino acid is mRNA codon: UGU AAC UAC CGU GGG CAC UGG

41. 11. What amino acid is mRNA codon: Cyst–Aspar –Tyros–Arg–Glyc-Hist-Trypt

42. #12 What codon is the START CODON?

43. 12. What amino acid is START codon: AUG

44. #12 What are the three STOP CODONS?
ANSWER? UAA, UAG, UGA
(you could also figure this out by looking at the chart)

45. What amino acid is mRNA codon: UGG
tryptophan

46. # 12 How many?
Different amino acids are there?
ANSWER: 20

47. #13 How many subunits make up a ribosome?
A. one
B. two
C. Three
D. Four

48. Made of rRNA (ribosomal) + protein

49. #14 What are the 3 bases?
A. Codon
B. Anticodon
C. Triplet

50. #14 What are the 3 bases? B. Anticodon C. Triplet For mRNA For tRNA
A. Codon
B. Anticodon
C. Triplet
For mRNA
For tRNA
For DNA

51. A. codon B. triplet C. amino acid D. ribosome ANSWER: amino acid
What does a tRNA carry?
A. codon
B. triplet
C. amino acid
D. ribosome
ANSWER: amino acid

52. #15 Match: Introns Exons Are cut and discarded from the primary mRNA
Leave the nucleus to be coded with tRNA

53. 15. What will the mature mRNA look like?

54. What will the mRNA look like?
HINT: introns discarded
exons kept and coded 1 2 3
= mature mRNA
Just exons

55. #15 What’s the difference?
Between Primary mRNA and mature mRNA?
Primary mRNA = introns + exons
Mature mRNA = only exons

56. #16 What are the 3 types of RNA?
a) tRNA (transfer RNA-brings amino acids)
b) mRNA (messenger RNA-codes from DNA), and
c) rRNA (ribosomal RNA-structural part of ribosome)

57. #16 Matching CHOICES: tRNA mRNA r RNA Structural form of ribosome
Codes DNA to mRNA
Brings amino acids to
ribosome

58. #16 Matching Structural form of ribosome rRNA Codes DNA to mRNA mRNA
Brings amino acids to tRNA
ribosome

59. #17 What are the structures?
(See worksheet)

60. #18 What type of mutation is this?
ORIGINAL: AACGTAGG
MUTATION: AAACGTAGG
ANSWER: insertion (A)

61. #18 What type of mutation is this?
ORIGINAL: AACGTAGG
MUTATION: AACGAGG
ANSWER: Deletion (T)

62. #18 What type of mutation is this?
ORIGINAL: AACGTAGG
MUTATION: AACGGGAT
ANSWER: Inversion (TAGG flipped)

63. #18 What type of mutation is this?
ORIGINAL 2 chromosomes
AACGTAGG
ATCGGGTCGGA
MUTATION: AACGTATCGGG
TCGGAAGG
ANSWER: Translocation (two nonhomologous chromosomes exchanged)

65. COOL!

66. ADD: A lysogenic infection:
A. joins with the host DNA
B. infects the host, but does not join the host DNA
ANSWER: A
Lytic infection infects the host, but does not join the host DNA